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Influences of load carriage and physical activity history on tibia bone strain

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第5期8卷 478-485页

作者： Henry Wang Mohammad Kia D.clark Dickin Biomechanics Laboratory School of KinesiologyBall State UniversityMuncieIN 47306USA Department of Biomechanics Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background:Military recruits are often afflicted with stress *** military’s strenuous training programs involving load carriage may contribute to the high incidence of tibia stress fractures in the *** purpose of this study was to assess the influences of incremented load carriage and history of physical activity on tibia bone strain and strain rate during ***:Twenty recreational basketball players and 20 recreational runners performed 4 walking tasks while carrying 0 kg,15 kg,25 kg,and35 kg loads,*** bone strain and strain rate were obtained through subject-specific multibody dynamic simulations and finite element *** model repeated-measures analyses of variance were ***:The mean±SE of the runners’ bone strain(μs)during load carriages(0 kg,15 kg,25 kg,and 35 kg)were 658.11±1.61,804.41±1.96,924.49±2.23,and 1011.15±2.71,respectively,in compression and 458.33±1.45,562.11±1.81,669.82±2.05,and 733.40±2.52,respectively,in *** the basketball players,the incremented load carriages resulted in compressive strain of 634.30±1.56,746.87±1.90,842.18±2.16,and 958.24±2.63,respectively,and tensile strain of 440.04±1.41,518.86±1.75,597.63±1.99,and 700.15±2.47,respectively.A dose-response relationship exists between incremented load carriage and bone strain and strain rate.A history of regular basketball activity could result in reduced bone strain and reduced strain ***:Load carriage is a risk factor for tibia stress fracture during basic *** exercise programs,such as basketball,that involved multidirectional mechanical loading to the tibia bones can be implemented for military recruits before basic training commences.

关键词： Modeling Multi-body dynamics Strain Strain rate Stress fracture Walking

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Surfactant protein A (SP-A) binds to phosphatidylserine and competes with annexin V binding on late apoptotic cells

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Protein & Cell 2010年第2期1卷 188-197页

作者： Anne Jäkel Kenneth B.M.Reid Howard clark Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK University of Southampton MP 803 Level FSouth BlockSouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK

The role of surfactant protein A(SP-A)in the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells is well established,but to date,it is still not clear which surface molecules of apoptotic cells are involved in the *** we present evidence that phosphatidylserine(PS)is a relevant binding molecule for human *** binding is Ca^(2+)-dependent and is not inhibited by mannose,suggesting that the sugar-binding site of the carbohydrate recognition domain(CRD)of SP-A is not *** cytometry studies on apoptotic Jurkat cells revealed apparent inhibition of annexin V binding by increasing concentrations of SP-A in late apoptotic but not early apoptotic cells,and this was consistent for Jurkat cells and *** these data,confocal microscopy results show a co-localisation of annexin V and SP-A in late apoptotic but not early apoptotic ***,we cannot conclude that this inhibition is exclusively due to the binding of SP-A to PS on the cell surface,as annexin V is not wholly specific for PS and SP-A also interacts with other phospholipids that might become exposed on the apoptotic cell surface.

关键词： surfactant proteins phosphatidylserine apoptotic cells

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a burgeoning problem with unclear solutions

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第4期9卷 514-517页

作者： Mariana Lazo Jeanne M.clark Division of General Internal Medicine School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

The association between chronic liver disease and diabetes has been known for long time,with reports in the literature as early as in 1952(1).Currently,a bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become more widely accepted,probably as a result of the common risk factors(e.g.,obesity)and pathophysiology(e.g.,insulin resistance)(2).

关键词： diabetes liver NAFLD

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Efficacy of epothilones in central nervous system trauma treatment:what has age got to do with it?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 618-620页

作者： Jayden clark Zhendan Zhu Jyoti Chuckowree Tracey Dickson Catherine Blizzard Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia

Central nervous system injury,specifically traumatic brain and spinal cord injury,can have significant long lasting *** are no comprehensive treatments to combat the injury and sequalae of events that occurring following a central nervous system *** we discuss the potential for the epothilone family of microtubule stabilizing agents to improve outcomes following experimentally induced *** drugs,which are able to cross the blood-brain barrier,may hold great promise for the treatment of central nervous system trauma and the current literature presents the extensive range of beneficial effects these drugs may have following trauma in animal ***,the effect of the epothilones can vary and our most recent contributions to this field indicate that the efficacy of epothilones following traumatic brain injury is dependent upon the age of the ***,we present a case for a greater emphasis to be placed upon age when using an intervention aimed at neural regeneration and highlight the importance of tailoring the therapeutic regime in the clinic to the age of the patient to promote improved patient outcomes.

关键词： aging epothilones glial microtubule stablization neuron neuronal regeneration spinal cord injury traumatic brain injury

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TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ANTHENOIDES(ECHINODERMATA: ASTEROIDEA) FROMSOUTHERN CHINA

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1989年第1期7卷 37-42,95-96页

作者：廖玉麟 Ailsa M.clark Institute of Oceanology Academia Sinica Qingdao British Museum (Natural History) London SW7 5BD

Two new species of the genus Anthenoides from the southern China are described. A. laevigatus sp. nov. shows affinities with A. epixanthus. A. tenuis sp. nov. is related to A. cristatus (Sladen).

关键词： tenuis granules spherical distal slender fauna southeastern outer triangular mostly

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Low temperature microwave-assisted vs conventional pyrolysis of various biomass feedstocks

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2012年第3期21卷 270-274页

作者： Peter Shuttleworth Vitaliy Budarin Mark Gronnow James H.clark Rafael Luque Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence University of YorkHeslingtonYO10 5DD YorkUK Departamento de Química Orgnica Universidad de CórdobaCampus de Excelencia Agroalimentario ceiA3Edif icio Marie Curie(C-3)Ctra Nnal IVKm 396E-14014CórdobaSpain

A comparison between conventional pyrolysis and a novel developed low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis methodology has been performed for the valorisation of a range of biomass feedstocks including waste residues. Microwave pyrolysis was found to efficiently deliver comparable evolution of bio-gases in the system as compared with conventional pyrolysis at significantly reduced temperatures （120-180 ℃vs 250-400 ℃）. The gas obtained from microwave-assisted pyrolysis was found to contain CO2, CH4 and CO as major components as well

关键词： microwave-assisted pyrolysis biomass valorisation gas production

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Mapping and Assessing Typhoon-induced Forest Disturbance in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve Using Time Series Landsat Imagery

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 404-416页

作者： GUO Xiao-yi ZHANG Hong-yan WANG Ye-qiao John clark School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal University Department of Natural Resources Science University of Rhode Island

Monitoring forest disturbances is important for understanding changes in ecosystems. The 1986 Typhoon Vera was a serious disturbance that severely impacted the forest ecosystems of Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve. Although the typhoon disturbance occurred more than two decades ago, the effects of the typhoon still remain within the study area. Few studies have focused on mapping and assessing disturbances across broad spatial and temporal scales. For this study, we first generated a map of forest composition prior to the typhoon disturbance, which served as a baseline data for the extraction of disturbed area. Then, the Disturbance Index(DI) method was tested for mapping the extent and magnitude of disturbance in the study area by applying a Tasseled Cap transformation to the Landsat imagery. The Landsatbased DI method estimated that an area of 13,764.78 ha of forest was disturbed by the typhoon. Based on visual assessments, these results correspond closely with the reference map derived from ground surveys. These results also revealed the influence of local topographic features on the distribution of windthrow areas. Windthrow areas were more pronounced inareas with elevations ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 m, slopes of less than 10 degrees, and southwestern to northwestern aspects. In addition, the relatively long(25 years) post-typhoon recovery period assessed by this study provided a more comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of forest recovery processes over time. Windthrow areas did not recover immediately after the typhoon, likely due to forest management practices enacted at the time. So far, forest recovery has proceeded more rapidly at elevations below 1,400 m, particularly on western slopes within the study area. Finally, a time series of DI values within the study period suggests a secondary disturbance may have occurred between 2000 and 2001.

关键词： Typhoon Vera Windthrow areas Disturbance Index(DI) Topographic features Forest recovery process

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Learning causality and causality-related learning:some recent progress

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National Science Review 2018年第1期5卷 26-29页

作者： Kun Zhang Bernhard Scholkopf Peter Spirtes clark Glymour Department of Philosophy Carnegie Mellon University Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

INTRODUCTION Causality is a fiundamental notion in science,and plays an important role in explanation,prediction,decision making and ***,with the rapidaccumulation of huge volumes of data,it is even more desirable to abstract causal knowledge from ***,such data are usually time series measured over a relatively long time period or ag-

关键词： Learning causality and causality-related learning:some recent progress FCI

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Urgently reveal longly hidden toxicant in a familiar fabrication process of biomass-derived environment carbon material

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 250-256页

作者： Chao Jia Jiewen Luo Jiajun Fan James H.clark Shicheng Zhang Xiangdong Zhu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes Shanghai200438China

Biomass-derived N-doped carbon(BNC)is an important environmental material and widely used in the fields of water purification and soil ***,the toxicant in the commonly used synthesis process of BNC materials have been largely ***,we firstly report the presence of a highly toxic by-product(KCN)in the activation process of BNC materials consequential of the carbothermal reduction *** this carbothermal reduction reaction also regulates the N-doping and pore development of BNC materials,the KCN content directly relates with the properties of BNC material ***,a high KCN content(-611 mg)can occur in the production process of per g BNC material with high specific surface area(-3600 m^2/g).Because the application performance of BNC material is determined by the surface area and available N doping,therefore,production of a BNC material with high performance entails high ***,this study proves a completely new risk recognition on a familiar synthesis process of biomass-based ***,strict protective device should be taken in fabrication process of biomass-derived carbon material.

关键词： Biomass Biomass based N-doped carbon Carbothermal reduction reaction Pore Toxic by-product

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Leveraging generative adversarial networks to create realistic scanning transmission electron microscopy images

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1492-1500页

作者： Abid Khan Chia-Hao Lee Pinshane Y.Huang Bryan K.clark Department of Physics University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Institute for Condensed Matter Theory and IQUIST and NCSA Center for Artificial Intelligence Innovation University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

The rise of automation and machine learning(ml)in electron microscopy has the potential to revolutionize materials research through autonomous data collection and processing.A significant challenge lies in developing ml models that rapidly generalize to large data sets under varying experimental *** address this by employing a cycle generative adversarial network(CycleGAN)with a reciprocal space discriminator,which augments simulated data with realistic spatial frequency *** allows the CycleGAN to generate images nearly indistinguishable from real data and provide labels for ml *** showcase our approach by training a fully convolutional network(FCN)to identify single atom defects in a 4.5 million atom data set,collected using automated acquisition in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM).Our method produces adaptable FCNs that can adjust to dynamically changing experimental variables with minimal intervention,marking a crucial step towards fully autonomous harnessing of microscopy big data.

关键词： autonomous adjust network

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