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Concepts for Sensor Matching in Mechatronic Systems

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Instrumentation 2020年第3期7卷 1-14页

作者： clarence w.de silva department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4

A typical mechatronic system consists of a multitude of components,and the sensors belong to an important and crucial class of such *** matching of the system components is implicit in the current definition of a mechatronic *** focus of the present paper is the optimal matching of sensors with other hardware in the *** matching may be based on several concepts such as the operating frequency range(operating bandwidth),speed of response(and the corresponding rate of data sampling in digital conversion),the device sensitivity(or gain or data amplification),and the effect of component acc uracy on the overall accuracy of the *** present paper explores all these concepts and presents suit able approaches for sensor matching through those *** relevant procedures are illustrated using case studies.

关键词： Mechatronic Systems Optimal Instrumentation Sensor Selection Sensor Matching

A Systematic Approach for Instrumentation of a Mechatronic System

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Instrumentation 2019年第1期6卷 116-136页

作者： clarence w.de silva department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverCanadaV6T lZ4

This paper deals with instrumenting a mechatronic system,through the incorporation of suitable sensors,actuators,and other required ***(e.g.,semiconductor strain gauges,tachometers,RTD temperature sensors,cameras,piezoelectric accelerometers)are needed to measure(sense)unknown signals and parameters of a system and its *** information acquired in this manner is useful in operating or controlling the system,and also in process monitoring;experimental modeling(i.e.,model identification);product testing and qualification;product quality assessment;fault prediction,detection and diagnosis;warning generation;surveillance,and so ***(e.g.,stepper motors,solenoids,dc motors,hydraulic rams,pumps,heaters/coolers)are needed to"drive"a *** actuators(e.g.,control valves)perform control actions,and in particular they drive control ***-electromechanical systems(MEMS)use microminiature sensors and *** sensors commonly use piezoelectric,capacitive,electromagnetic and piezoresistive *** devices provide the benefits of small size and light weight(negligible loading errors),high speed(high bandwidth),and convenient mass-production(low cost).The process of instrumentation involves the identification of proper sensors,actuators,controllers,signal modification/interface hardware,and software with respect to their functions,operation,parameters,ratings,interaction with each other,so as to achieve the performance requirements of the overall system,and interfacing/integration/tuning of the selected devices into the system,for a given *** paper presents the key steps of instrumenting a mechatronic system,in a somewhat general and systematic *** are described to illustrate several key procedures of instrumentation.

关键词： Instrumentation mechatronic systems sensors actuators signal modification impedance matching system integration performance specification rating parameters

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

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Instrumentation 2019年第4期6卷 72-84页

作者： clarence w.de silva department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and *** is termed a multi-domain(or multi-physics)*** present paper concerns the use of linear graphs(LGs)to generate a minimal model for a multi-physics system.A state-space model has to be a minimal ***,the number of state variables in the model should be the minimum number that can completely represent the dynamic state of the *** choice is not ***,state variables are assigned to all the energy-storage elements of the ***,some of the energy storage elements may not be independent,and then some of the chosen state variables will be *** approach is presented in the paper,with illustrative examples in the mixed fluid-mechanical domains,to illustrate a way to recognize dependent energy storage elements and thereby obtain a minimal state-space *** analysis in the frequency domain is known to be more convenient than in the time domain,mainly because the relevant operations are algebraic rather than *** achieving this objective,the state space model has to be converted into a transfer *** direct way is to first convert the state-space model into the input-output differential equation,and then substitute the time derivative by the Laplace *** approach is shown in the *** same result can be obtained through the transfer function linear graph(TF LG)of the *** a multi-physics system,first the physical domains have to be converted into an equivalent single domain(preferably,the output domain of the system),when using the method of *** procedure is illustrated as well,in the present paper.

关键词： Multi-physics Modelling Mechatronic Systems Linear Graphs dependent Energy Storage Elements Redundant State Variables Minimal State-space Realization Domain Conversion Equivalent Models Frequency-domain Model

Gear Transmission Fault Classification using deep Neural Networks and Classifier Level Sensor Fusion

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Instrumentation 2019年第2期6卷 101-109页

作者： Min XIA clarence w.de silva The University of British Columbia VancouerCanada V6T lZ4

Gear transmissions are w.dely used in industrial drive *** diagnosis of gear transmissions is important for maintaining the system performance,reducing the maintenance cost,and providing a safe working *** paper presents a novel fault diagnosis approach for gear transmissions based on convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and decision-level sensor *** the proposed approach,a CNN is first utilized to classify the faults of a gear transmission based on the acquired signals from each of the *** sensory data is sent directly into the CNN models without manual feature ***,classifier level sensor fusion is carried out to achieve improved classification accuracy by fusing the classification results from the CNN *** study is conducted,which shows the superior performance of the developed method in the classification of different gear transmission conditions in an automated industrial *** presented approach also achieves end-to-end learning that ean be applied to the fault elassification of a gear transmission under various operating eonditions and with signals from different types of sensors.

关键词： Fault Classification Fault Diagnosis Convolutional Neural Networks Gear Transmission decision Fusion

Use of Fuzzy Neural Network in Industrial Sorting of Apples

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Instrumentation 2019年第4期6卷 37-46页

作者： Ziwen wANG Bing LI clarence w.de silva department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen 518057 ShenzhenChina department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British ColumbiaTorontoCanada

In this paper,an automated system and methodology for nondestructive sorting of apples are *** from the traditional manual grading method,the automated,nondestructive sorting equipment can improve the production efficiency and the grading speed and *** popular apple quality detection and grading methods use two-dimensional(2D)machine vision detection based on a single charge-coupled device(CCD)camera detect the external *** system integrates a 3D structured laser into an existing 2D sorting system,which provides the addition third dimension to detect the defects in apples by using the curvature of the structured light strips that are acquired from the optical system of the *** curvature of the structured light strip will show the defects in the apple *** features such as color,texture,shape,size and 3D information all play key roles in determining the grade of an apple,which can be determined using a series of feature extraction *** feature extraction,a method based on principal component analysis(PCA)for data dimensionality reduction is applied to the ***,a comprehensive classification method based on fuzzy neural network(FNN),which is a combination of knowledge-based and model-based method,is used in this paper as the *** experiments are conducted to verity the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed sorting system.

关键词： Machine Vision Laser Sorting Fuzzy Neural Network Apples

Evaluation and Enhanced Use of Light Emitting Diodes for Hydroponics

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Instrumentation 2019年第3期6卷 18-27页

作者： Jayasanka RANAwEERA Siripala RANAwEERA clarence w.de silva department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada department of Botany University of Sri Jayewardenepura NugegodaSri Lanka

Hydroponic farming is a viable and economical farming method,which can produce safe and healthy greens and vegetables conveniently and at a relatively low *** is essential to provide supplemental lighting for crops grown in greenhouses to meet the daily light requirement,Daily Light Integral(DLI).The present paper investigates how effectively and efficiently LEDs can be used as a light source in *** is important for a hydroponic grower to assess the requirement of photo synthetically active radiation(PAR)or the Photosynthetic Photon Flux density(PPFD),in a greenhouse,and adjust the quality and quantity of supplemental lighting accordingly.A Quantum sensor(or PAR sensor)can measure PAR more accurately than a digital light meter,which measures the light intensity or illuminance in the SI unit Lux,but a PAR sensor is relatively expensive and normally not affordable by an ordinary ***,based on the present investigation and experimental results,a very simple way to convert light intensity measured with a Lux meter into PAR is proposed,using a simple conversion factor(41.75 according to the present work).This allows a small-scale hydroponic farmer to use a simple and inexpensive technique to assess the day to day DLI values of PAR in a greenhouse accurately using just an inexpensive light *** present paper also proposes a more efficient way of using LED light panels in a hydroponic *** moving the LED light panels closer to the crop,LED light source can use a fewer number of LEDs to produce the same required daily light requirement and can increase the efficiency of the power usage to more than 80%.Specifically,the present work has determined that it is important to design more efficient vertically movable LED light panels with capabilities of switching individual LEDs on and off,for the use in *** allows a user to control the number of LEDs that can be lit at a particular time,as *** doing so it is possible to i

关键词： Hydroponics Grow lights Light Emitting Diodes(LEDs) Photosynthesis Photosynthetic Active Radiation(PAR) Photosynthetic Photon Flux density(PPFD) HPS(High Pressure Sodium) HID(High Intensity Discharge) Daily Light Integral(DLI) Quantum Sensor Digital Light Meter(Lux meter)

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

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Instrumentation 2019年第4期6卷 2-13页

作者： Yanjun wANG Yunfei ZHANG Shujun GAO clarence w.de silva ViwiSTAR Technologies Ltd. CanadaV6T 1Z4 dept.of Mechanical Engineering The University of British ColumbiaCanadaV6T 1Z4

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be *** control is a type of interaction ***,in impedance control,the dynamic relationship between the interaction force and the resulting motion is *** order to control the impedance of a mechanical system,typically,the interaction force has to be *** to the inherent limitations of direct force sensing at the interaction site,in the present work,the interaction force is observed using robust *** particular,to enhance the accuracy of impedance control,a first order sliding mode impedance controller is designed and incorporated in the present *** advantage over positionbased interaction control algorithms is demonstrated through *** results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： Interaction Control Impedance Control Neural Networks Sliding Mode Observer Sliding Mode Control

design of an Automated Sorting System for Apples Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

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Instrumentation 2019年第4期6卷 95-108页

作者： Liqun wANG clarence w.de silva Bing LI Yuan Cai Harbin Institute of Technology at Shenzhen Shenzhen 518000 The University of British Columbia VancowerBCCanada V6T 1Z4

The grading judgment for apples is related to a variety of factors including,size,shape,color,texture,and *** manual sorting methods are time consuming and labor *** addition,the accuracy of the method is easily subjective,not repeatable,error-prone,and affected by the sorting *** paper presents a complete and automated grading system for *** system uses a single-chip microcomputer as the controller of the system,and a PC as the graphics processing *** also includes a conveyor,drive motor,frequency converter for motor control,photoelectric sensors,air compressor,and air jets for ejecting the graded *** classification algorithm is implemented by using a convolutional neural network(CNN).In order to eliminate contact damage of apples,the system specifically uses air jets as actuators to eject the graded apples into the corresponding *** the same time,in order to ensure that an apple triggers the correct ejecting actuator,this paper designs a jet controller with proper logic.

关键词： Automation Single Chip Microcomputer Apple Grading Convolutional Neural Network Air Jets

Visual Avoidance of Collision with Randomly Moving Obstacles through Approximate Reinforcement Learning

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Instrumentation 2019年第3期6卷 59-66页

作者： Yunfei ZHANG Yanjun wANG Haoxiang LANG Ying wANG clarence w.de silva ViwiStar Technologies Ltd. Shenzhen China 518103 Mechanical Engineering department University of Ontario Institute of TechnologyOshawaCanada LIG 0C5 department of Mechatronics Engineering at Kennesaw State University MariettaGeorgia30060USA department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada V6T 1Z4

In this research work,a hierarchical controller has been designed for an autonomous navigation robot to avoid unexpected moving obstacles where the state and action spaces are *** proposed scheme consists of two parts:1)a controller with a high-level approximate reinforcement learning(ARL)technique for choosing an optimal trajectory in autonomous navigation;and 2)a low-level,appearance-based visual servoing(ABVS)controller which controls and execute the motion of the robot.A novel approach for path planning and visual servoing has been proposed by the combined system *** characteristics of the on-board camera which is equipped on the robot is naturally suitable for conducting the reinforcement learning *** the ARL controller,the computational overhead is quite low thanks to the fact that a knowledge of obstacle motion is not *** developed scheme has been implemented and validated in a simulation system of obstacle *** is noted that findings of the proposed method are successfully verified by obtaining an optimal robotic plan motion strategy.

关键词： Approximate reinforcement learning Robotic obstacle avoidance Appearance-based visual servoing