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Historical Trajectories of Disaster Risk in Dominica

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第2期10卷 149-165页

作者： Jenni Barclay Emily Wilkinson Carole S.White clare shelton Johanna Forster Roger Few Irene Lorenzoni George Woolhouse Claire Jowitt Harriette Stone Lennox Honychurch School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Overseas Development Institute London SE18NJUK School of International Development University of EastAngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Civil Engineering and Environmental Hydraulics HRWallingfordHowbery ParkWallingford OX108BAUK School of History University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Civil Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversityCollege LondonLondon WC1E6BTUK University of the West Indies Open Campus DominicaRoseauDominica

The calamitous consequences of 2017 Hurricane Maria for the Caribbean island of Dominica highlighted the acute and increasing susceptibility of the region to disasters. Despite increasing international attention to disaster risk reduction, recovery from hazard events can be especially lengthy and difficult for small island developing states. In this article, we build on existing understandings of disaster risk as a physical and social condition, showing that historical processes are fundamental to understanding how conditions of risk emerge and persist over time. We take an integrated approach to analyzing the drivers of risk accumulation, using the example of Dominica, where processes set in motion during the colonial period have shaped the location of people and assets, the degree to which they might be harmed, the societal repercussions of that harm and the prospects for recovery. We focus on the underlying economic vulnerabilities and physical exposure to hazards created by agricultural, economic, and social practices, and successive disaster responses that have constrained recovery. Uncovering these historical drivers and persistent issues, elucidates lessons for pursuing a more resilient development trajectory, including through the promotion of economic restructuring and diversification, and land reform.

关键词： Dominica Historical trajectories Natural hazards Resilience Risk exposure Small island developing states

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Li Zehou and Moritz Schlick on the Roots of Beauty

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2014年第4期9卷 602-614页

作者： Jim shelton Department of Philosophy and Religion University of Central Arkansas Conway AR 72034USA

Beginning from the Enlightenment view that beauty or art is ＂useless,＂ the attempts to explain how aesthetic experience and judgment are possible presented by Moritz Schlick and Li Zehou are examined, compared and contrasted. The paper treats three main subjects, the anthropological origins of beauty, the origins of aesthetic judgments and the problem of the purpose or function of beauty or aesthetic experience. In the first--the historical-causal roots of beauty--the problem discussed is how to account for aesthetics in light of the practical needs and pursuits of human beings. For Schlick, the problem is couched in terms of how aesthetic experience can be made consistent with natural selection. The second main subject-the philosophical roots of beauty-is a discussion of the origin in the sense of justification of aesthetic judgments. And the third examines the problem of assigning some purpose to aesthetic feelings and attitudes. An apparent contrast is made, and perhaps resolved, between the respective views of Schlick and Li.

关键词： significant form sedimentation subjectality isomorphism

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FRUGALITY AND ROBUSTNESS:NEGOTIATING ECONOMY AND ECOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURE

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第1期2卷 109-118页

作者： Ted shelton University of Tennessee 1715 Volunteer BoulevardKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

This paper proposes an operational framework for developing an environmentally progressive mode of design *** framework,based on the concepts of frugality and robustness,seeks to balance a project’s first cost with the anticipated energy and material flows over its *** on a conceptual rather than a computational basis for understanding issues related to green design,the framework is intended to provide an approachable“first step”for practitioners interested in developing an ethic of sustainability in their *** is here understood as the conservation of resources by limiting or eliminating their use and robustness as the conservation of resources by deploying them in such a way as to maximize their usefulness over an extended time and varying *** paper outlines how,by embracing both robustness and frugality,a design professional might develop an environmentally progressive mode of practice while maintaining his or her professional responsibility toward the project budget;yielding an approach that is broadly applicable to a wide range of projects.

关键词： GAL yielding eliminating

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GOING GREEN:STRATEGIES FOR ANY PROJECT

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第3期2卷 3-11页

作者： Ted shelton University of Tennessee College of Architecture and Design USA

INTRODUCTION Green design is gaining *** aspects of green design might even be said to be entering both mainstream practice and the wider public *** is an NAAB accreditation criteria focused on sustainability,and the actor Brad Pitt is a talking head for green building.1 The language of the various LEED rating systems has seeped into the vocabulary of most designers,and uncertain energy prices have given environmental concerns economic cachet.

关键词： has gaining talking

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Transplanted: Chinese Herbal Medicine in the United States, 1800-1911

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第4期6卷 357-366页

作者： Tamara Venit shelton History Department Claremont McKenna CollegeClaremontCA 91711USA

Chinese medicine has a long history in the United States, dating back to its colonial period and extending up to the present. This essay focuses on the earliest generation of practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine in the United States. Although acupuncture is the modality most commonly associated with Chinese medicine in today's medical marketplace, up until the 1970s, Chinese healers in the United States typically specialized in herbalism. Well before mass emigration from China to the United States began, Chinese material medica crossed the oceans, in both directions: Chinese medicinal teas and herbs came west while Appalachian ginseng went east. Beginning in the 1850s, Chinese immigrants came to the United States and transplanted their health practices, sometimes quite literally by propagating medicinal plants in their adopted home. Over time, Chinese doctors learned how to sell their services to non-Chinese patients by presenting herbalism as “nature's remedies.”

关键词： American medicine Alternative medicine Chinese herbalism Natural medicine

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Genetic and evolutionary biometrics Exploring value preference space for hybrid feature weighting and selection

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2013年第1期6卷 4-20页

作者： Aniesha Alford Joshua Adams Joseph shelton Gerry Dozier Kelvin Bryant John Kelly Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Computer Science North Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA

Purpose–The aim of this paper is to explore the value preference space associated with the optimization and generalization performance of ***/methodology/approach–In this paper,the authors modified the evaluation function utilized by GEFeWSML such that the weights assigned to each objective(*** reduction and feature reduction)were *** each set of weights,GEFeWSML was used to evolve FMs for the face,periocular,and faceþperiocular *** best performing FMs on the training set(FMtss)and the best performing FMs on the validation set(FM*s)were then applied to the test set in order to evaluate how well they generalized to the unseen ***–By varying the weights assigned to each of the objectives,the authors were able to suggest values that would result in the best optimization and generalization performances for facial,periocular,and faceþperiocular *** using these suggested values outperformed the previously reported GEFeWSML results,using significantly fewer features while achieving the same recognition accuracies ***/value–In this paper,the authors investigate the relative weighting of each objective using a value preference structure and suggest the best weights to be used for each biometric modality tested.

关键词： Biometrics Feature selection Feature weighting Multiobjective optimization Selection Optimization techniques

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Applying Dynamic Modeling Methods to IH 35 Through Austin:Exploring Options for Addressing Future Congestion

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2015年第3期4卷 257-276页

作者： Jeffrey shelton Karen Lorenzini Gabriel(Alex)Valdez Tom Williams Texas A&M Transportation Institute 4050 Rio Bravo DriveSuite 212El PasoTX 79902 Texas Department of Transportation 125 East 11th StreetAustinTX 78701 Texas A&M Transportation Institute 505 E.Huntland DriveAustinTX 78752

The City of Austin is among the fastest-growing cities in the U.S.,with the surrounding counties keeping a similar *** times from downtown Austin to Round Rock,where many commuters live,currently range from 45 to 60 minutes during the average afternoon rush ***-makers have expressed a need to examine long-term solutions for IH 35 to explore concepts discussed under previous *** study applied dynamic traffic assignment coupled with static and dynamic tolling analysis,user class restrictions and multi-class simulation and assignment to examine various long-term scenarios with potential to address growing congestion on this critical *** findings were illuminating:if residential and employment growth continue on their current pace through 2035,the region wide dynamic traffic assignment results applied at the mesoscopic level in this study demonstrate that Central Texas faces a grim future of extreme traffic congestion on IH *** an added capacity scenario was identified which can address future IH 35 congestion in some instances,it is of questionable viability for *** scenario with the largest capacity addition did not provide the best results due to limited accessibility and only when the limits were extended dramatically,did researchers find more positive congestion ***,this scenario would be the highest investment and would probably be deemed infeasible simply due to cost.A more positive finding was that a hybrid strategy of added capacity,dynamic tolling,and travel demand management solutions demonstrates even greater *** all options were considered,it was realized that added capacity would not be enough;it would need to be coupled with managed lanes,changes in travel behavior,more efficient land use,demand management and increased transit use.

关键词： Austin assignment travel

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CAFIU and My Study of China

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International Understanding 2011年第3期 43-49页

作者： Garth shelton International Relations Department Wits University

Early one morning in 1993 I was working quietly in my office preparing for a lecture. I usually work with my door closed, but on that particular day for no special reason my door was open. Suddenly Ms Du Yan put her h... 详细信息

关键词： CAFIU and My Study of China

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Seize the Day

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ChinAfrica 2016年第1期8卷 38-39页

作者： Garth shelton international relations at Witwatersrand University

THE last 30 years have witnessed a growing China-Africa engagement with positive outcomes for both sides. China＇s economy has grown significantly, while the World Bank has confirmed that China＇s interaction with Africa has boosted economic prosperity across the continent. Since the year 2000, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） has become an important multilateral mechanism, driving, managing and facilitating this creative and mutually beneficial China-Africa interaction.

关键词： Seize the Day

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BRICS-China-Africa Partnership

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ChinAfrica 2018年第7期10卷 22-23页

作者： Garth shelton the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg

The Chinese and African economies are highly complementary,and,if well managed,can translate into a long-term mutually beneficial economic outcome China’s economic rise and the BRICS(Brazil,Russia,India,China and Sou... 详细信息

关键词： BRtCS China-Africa Partnership

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