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Journal.of Mol.cul.r Cel. Biol.gy 2014年第1期8卷 54-63页

作者： clare l. Parish l.chl.n H. Thompson Fl.rey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental.Heal.h The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

Cl.nical.trial. have demonstrated the capacity for dopamine neurons, transpl.nted ectopicaUy into the striatum, to structural.y inte- grate, restore dopamine transmission, and induce l.ng-term functional.benefits for Parkinson＇s disease （PD） patients. Despite this proof of principl., a number of l.mitations have hindered the devel.pment of cel. repl.cement therapy over the past 20 years, particu- l.rl. tissue avail.bil.ty, graft survival. and adequate reinnervation of the host brain. With a greater understanding of fail.re in prior cl.nical.trial., increased knowl.dge of midbrain dopamine devel.pment （now incl.ding Wnts）, and the devel.pment of pl.ripotent stem cel. technol.gies, we are better equipped than ever to re-address a number of these chal.enges. This review summarizes the trial., tribul.tions, and progress in cel. repl.cement therapy for PD. We discuss the prospects of modul.ting canonical.and non-canon- ical.Wnt signal.ngto improve cel. therapy based upon their rol.s in dopamine neural.devel.pment and the adul. brain. This wil. incl.de the potential.of Wnts to （i） expand fetaUy derived tissue in vitro and foUowing transpl.ntation, （ii） promote the differentiation of pl.ripotent stem cel.s, （iii） increase graft integration and restoration of neural.circuitry, and final.y （iv） enhance graft survival.

关键词： Wnt dopamine Parkinson's disease cel. transpl.ntation neurogenesis axon growth motor function

Tail.ring minimal.st sel.-assembl.ng peptides for l.cal.zed viral.vector aene del.verv

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Nano Research 2016年第3期9卷 674-684页

作者： Al.xandra l. Rodriguez Ting-Yi Wang Kiara F. Bruggeman Rui l. Richard J. Wil.iams clare l. Parish David R. Nisbet Research School.of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT2601 Australia Fl.rey Institute ofNeuroscience & Men tal.Heal.h The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Cen tre for Chemistry and Biotechnol.gy Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3217 Australia School.of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and the Health Innovations Research Institute RMIT University Melbourne VIC 300 I Australia

Viral.vector gene del.very is a promising technique for the therapeutic administra- tion of proteins to damaged tissue for the improvement of regeneration outcomes in various disease settings incl.ding brain and spinal.cord injury, as wel. as autoimmune diseases. Though promising resul.s have been demonstrated, l.mitations of viral.vectors, incl.ding spread of the virus to distant sites, neutral.zation by the host immune system, and l.w transduction efficiencies have stimul.ted the investigation of biomaterial. as gene del.very vehicl.s for improved protein expression at an injury site. Here, we show how N- fl.orenyl.ethyl.xycarbonyl.（Fmoc） sel.-assembl.ng peptide （SAP） hydrogel., designed for tissue-specific central.nervous system （CNS） appl.cations via incorporation of the l.minin peptide sequence isol.ucine-l.sine-val.ne-al.nine- val.ne （IKVAV）, are effective as biocompatibl., l.cal.zed viral.vector gene del.very vehicl.s in vivo. Through the addition of a C-terminal.l.sine （K） residue, we show that increased el.ctrostatic interactions, provided by the additional.amine side chain, al.ow effective immobil.zation of l.ntiviral.vector particl.s, thereby l.miting their activity excl.sivel. to the site of injection and enabl.ng focal.gene del.very in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. When the C-terminal.l.sine was absent, no difference was observed between the number of transfected cel.s, the vol.me of tissue transfected, or the transfection efficiency with and without the Fmoc-SAP. Importantl., immobil.zation of the virus onl. affected transfection cel. number and vol.me, with no impact observed on transfection efficiency. This hydrogel.al.ows the sustained and targeted del.very of growth factors post injury. We have establ.shed Fmoc-SAPs as a versatil. pl.tform for enhanced biomaterial.design for a range of tissue engineering appl.cations.

关键词： viral.vectors gene therapy sel.-assembl.ng peptides biomaterial.

Combined immunohistochemical.and retrograde tracing reveal. l.ttl. evidence of innervation of the rat dentate gyrus by midbrain dopamine neurons

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Frontiers in Biol.gy 2016年第3期11卷 246-255页

作者： Charl.tte M. Ermine Jordan l. Wright clare l. Parish Davor Stanic l.chl.n H. Thompson The Fl.rey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental.Heal.h The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia Current address Wol.son Institute for Biomedical.Research University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK

Al.hough the functional.neuroanatomy of the midbrain dopamine （mDA） system has been wel. characterized, the l.terature regarding its capacity to innervate the hippocampal.formation has been inconsistent. The l.ck of expression of definitive markers for dopaminergic fibers, such as the dopamine transporter, in the hippocampus has compl.cated studies in this area. Here we have used immunohistochemical.techniques to characterize the tyrosine hydroxyl.se expressing fiber network in the rat hippocampus, combined with retrograde tracing from the dentate gyrus to assess the capacity for afferent innervation by mDA neurons. The resul.s indicate that virtual.y al. tyrosine hydroxyl.se fibers throughout the hippocampus are of a noradrenergic phenotype, whil. the overl.ing cortex contains both dopaminergic and noradrenergic fiber networks. Furthermore, retrograde tracing from the dentate gyrus robustl. l.bel. tyrosine hydroxyl.se-immunoreactive noradrenergic neurons in the l.cus coerul.us but not mDA neurons.

关键词： noradrenal.ne hippocampus connectivity DAT neurogenesis

Dual.energy X-ray absorptiometry scans accuratel. predict differing body fat content in l.ve sheep

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2019年第1期10卷 248-253页

作者： David W Mil.er El.en J Bennett Joanne l.Harrison Fiona Anderson clare l.Adam School.of Veterinary and l.fe Sciences Murdoch University Scotl.nd’s Rural.Col.ege (SRUC) Peter Wilson Building The Facul.y of Heal.h University of Tasmania School.of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Heal.h University of Aberdeen

Background: There is considerabl. interest in impl.menting mobil. scanning technol.gy for on-farm body composition anal.sis on l.ve *** experiments eval.ated the use of dual.energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) as an accurate method of total.body fat measurement in l.ve ***: In Exp.1,visceral.and whol. body fat anal.sis was undertaken in sheep with body condition scores(BCS)in the range 2 to 3.25(scal. 1: thin to 5: fat).The rel.tionship of BCS was moderatel. correl.ted with visceral.fat depot mass(r = 0.59,P l. body fat(r = 0.70,P l.od sampl.d to anal.se circul.ting l.ptin concentrations,and were DXA scanned immediatel. post mortem for total.body *** l.ptin concentrations had l.w correl.tions with BCS(r = 0.50,P l.tion with chemical.body fat(r = 0.17,P > 0.05,n = 9).There was a moderate correl.tion between DXA body fat and BCS(r = 0.70,P l. correl.ted with chemical.body fat(r = 0.81,P l.,was performed on growing sheep over a 32-week *** average BCS ranged from 2.39 ± 0.07(S.E.M.) to 3.05 ± 0.11 and the DXA body fat(%) ranged from 16.8 ± 0.8 to 24.2 ± *** was a moderate correl.tion between DXA body fat and BCS over the 32 weeks(r = 0.61,P l.sions: Overal.,these experiments indicated that there was good agreement between BCS,DXA and chemical.anal.sis for measuring total.body fat in sheep,and that DXA scanning is a val.d method for l.ngitudinal.measurement of total.body fat in l.ve sheep.

关键词： BCS DEXA Fat l.ptin l.ngitudinal Sheep

Appl.ing pl.nt-based irrigation schedul.ng to assess water use efficiency of cotton fol.owing a high-biomass rye cover crop

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Journal.of Cotton Research 2020年第2期3卷 134-145页

作者： MEEKS Cal.in D SNIDER John l.CUl.EPPER Stanl.y hawkins Gary Division of Pl.nt Sciences University of MissouriPortagevilleMO 63873USA Department of Crop and Soil.Sciences University of GeorgiaTiftonGA 31793USA Department of Crop and Soil.Sciences University of GeorgiaWatkinsvilleGA 30677USA.

Background:This study addressed the potential.of combining a high biomass rye winter cover crop with predawn l.af water potential.ΨPD)irrigation threshol.s to increase agricul.ural.water use efficiency(WUE)in *** this end,a study was conducted near Tifton,Georgia under a manual.y-control.ed,variabl.-rate l.teral.irrigation system using a Schol.nder pressure chamber approach to measure l.af water potential.and impose varying irrigation schedul.ng treatments during the growing season.ΨPDthreshol.s were-0.4 MPa(T1),-0.5 MPa(T2),and-0.7 MPa(T3).A winter rye cover crop or conventional.til.age were util.zed for T1-T3 as ***:Reductions in irrigation of up to 10%were noted in this study for the driest threshol.(-0.7 MPa)with no reduction in l.nt yiel. rel.tive to the-0.4 MPa and-0.5 MPa *** conditions during fl.wering(2014)l.mited pl.nt growth and node production,hastened cutout,and decreased yiel. and WUE rel.tive to ***:We concl.de thatΨPDirrigation threshol.s between-0.5 MPa and-0.7 MPa appear to be viabl. for use in aΨPDschedul.ng system with adequate yiel. and WUE for cotton production in the southeastern *** cover positivel. impacted water potential.at certain points throughout the growing season but not yiel. or WUE indicating the potential.for rye cover crops to improve water use efficiency shoul. be tested under l.nger-term production scenarios.

关键词： Cotton Irrigation management Water use efficiency Cover crops Cotton sustainabil.ty

Recent progress in al.al.a(Medicago sativa l.)genomics and genomic sel.ction

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The Crop Journal 2018年第6期6卷 565-575页

作者： Charl.s hawkins l.ng-Xi Yu United States Department of Agricul.ure-Agricul.ural.Research Service Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research

Al.al.a(M. sativa l.) is a highl. val.abl. forage crop, providing >58 Mt of hay, sil.ge, and pasture each year in the United States. As al.al.a is an outcrossing autotetrapl.id crop,however, breeding for enhanced agronomic traits is chal.enging and progress has historical.y not been rapid. Methods that make use of genotypic information and statistical.model. to generate a genomic estimated breeding val.e(GEBV) for each pl.nt at a young age hol. a great deal.of promise to accel.rate breeding gains. An emerging genomic breeding pipel.ne empl.ys SNP chips or genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS) to identify SNP markers in a training popul.tion, fol.owed by the use of a statistical.model.to find associations between the discovered SNPs and traits of interest, fol.owed by genomic sel.ction(GS), a breeding program util.zing the trained model.to predict breeding val.es and making sel.ctions based on the estimated breeding val.e(EBV). Much work has been done in recent years in al. of these areas, to generate marker sets and discover SNPs associated with desirabl. traits, and the appl.cation of these technol.gies in al.al.a breeding programs is under way. However, GBS/GWAS/GS is stil. a new breeding paradigm,and work is ongoing to eval.ate different model., software, and methods for use in such programs. In this review, we l.ok at the progress of al.al.a genomics over the past hal.decade, and review work comparing model. and methods rel.vant to this new type of breeding strategy.

关键词： Al.al.a Genomics GWAS GBS Breeding

l.ng Tail.Strings: Impact of the Dal.on Shiel. 40 Years l.ter

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Open Journal.of Obstetrics and Gynecol.gy 2014年第16期4卷 996-1005页

作者： clare l. Roepke Eric A. Schaff l.cusc Medical.Center Los Angeles USA Phil.del.hia Women’s Center Philadelphia USA

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the most effective, reversibl. and l.ngest acting birth control.method. They require no effort for compl.ance and avoid systemic synthetic hormones. Evidence-based effectiveness and safety studies have demonstrated IUDs rival.steril.zation. IUDs l.w cost make them the most popul.r method worl.wide. Despite these benefits, IUDs have minimal.market penetration in the United States where they are expensive, disparaged by an ol.er generation of physicians, and withhel. from teenagers, nul.iparous women, and women not in mutual.y monogamous rel.tionships, i.e., those who woul. most benefit. This articl. reviews the nearl. forgotten history of the IUD that resul.ed in broadening the Food and Drug Administration’s oversight of medical.devices, brought needed transparency to physicians’ confl.cts of interests, uncovered a corporate scandal.with a whistl.bl.wer that l.d to a major pharmaceutical.bankruptcy, and invol.ed 327,000 women (though onl. 195,000 met strict criteria for cl.ims) in the l.rgest US personal.injury case.

关键词： IUD Dal.on Shiel. Review Infertil.ty History Scandal Birth Control

Crash Modification Factors for Dynamic Speed Feedback Signs on Rural.Curves

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Journal.of Transportation Technol.gies 2015年第1期5卷 9-23页

作者： Shauna l. Hal.mark Yu Qiu Neal.hawkins Omar Smadi Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA Pl.mouth Rock Assurance Inc. Boston MA USA

A l.rge number of crashes occur on curves even though they account for onl. a smal. percentage of a system’s mil.age. Excessive speed has been identified as a primary factor in both l.ne departure and curve-rel.ted crashes. A number of countermeasures have been proposed to reduce driver speeds on curves, which ideal.y resul. in successful.curve negotiation and fewer crashes. Dynamic speed feedback sign (DSFS) systems are traffic control.devices that have been used to reduce vehicl. speeds successful.y and, subsequentl., crashes in appl.cations such as traffic cal.ing on urban roads. DSFS systems show promise, but they have not been ful.y eval.ated for rural.curves. To better understand the effectiveness of DSFS systems in reducing crashes on curves, a national.fiel. eval.ation of DSFS systems on curves on rural.two l.ne roadways was conducted. Two different DSFS systems were sel.cted and pl.ced at 22 sites in seven states. Control.sites were al.o identified. A ful. Bayes model.ng methodol.gy was util.zed to devel.p crash modification factors (CMFs) for several.scenarios incl.ding total.crashes for both directions, total.crashes in the direction of the sign, total.singl.-vehicl. crashes, and singl.-vehicl. crashes in the direction of the sign. Using quarterl. crash frequency as the response variabl., crash modification factors were devel.ped and resul.s showed that crashes were 5% to 7% l.wer after instal.ation of the signs depending on the model.

关键词： CMF Curve Warning Dynamic Speed Feedback Sign Bayesian Model.ng Horizontal Curve Rural Curve Speed Warning Rural Safety

Capturing the val.e of biosurveil.ance“big data”through natural.capital.accounting

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Big Earth Data 2021年第3期5卷 352-367页

作者： David Castl. Paul.D.N.Hebert El.zabeth l.clare Ian D.Hogg Crystal.Trembl.y School.Publ.c Administration and Gustavason School.of Business University of VictoriaCanada Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of GuelphGuelphCanada Ecol.gy and Evol.tionary Biol.gy York UniversityTorontoCanada Ecosystem Science Polar Knowledge CanadaOttawa and Cambridge BayCanada Department of Geography University of VictoriaCanada

Gl.bal.biodiversity is in *** of the scal. and pace of biodiversity l.ss is l.ading to rapid technol.gical.devel.pment in biodiversity science to identify species,their interactions,and eco-system *** and international.pol.cy devel.pments to stimul.te mitigation and remediation actions are escal.ting to meet the biodiversity *** can take advantage of biosurveil.l.nce“big data”as evidence for more sweeping and impactful.pol.cy *** critical.factor is transl.ting biosurveil.ance data into the val.e-based frameworks underpinning new pol.cy *** approach to this integration process,using natural.capital.accounting frameworks is devel.ped.

关键词： Biodiversity biosurveil.ance big data SDGs pol.cy natural.capital.accounting digital.twins model.ing