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Eight decades of compositional change in a managed northern hardwood landscape

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 398-410页

作者： Mark J.Ducey Olivia l.fraser Mariko Yamasaki Ethan P.Belair William B.leak University of New Hampshire Department of Natural Resources and the Environment114 James HallDurhamNH03824USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service White Mountain National Forest71 White Mountain DriveCamptonNH03223USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service Northern Research Station271 Mast RoadDurhamNH03824USA The Nature Conservancy Natural Climate SolutionsAfrica Regional Portland Office45 Exchange StSuite 303PortlandME04101USA

We analyzed over 8 decades of change in forest composition(represented by species proportion of basal area)and size class from more than 400 permanent plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New *** data represent one of the longest-term landscape-scale records of forest change based on permanent plots in North *** analyzed the plots based on elevation class,land type indicating assumed successional direction(grouped into coniferous and deciduous),and inventory period within managed and unmanaged portions of the *** ongoing shift from small-to large-diameter stems is clear across all species,in response to the overall aging of the forest following exploitative harvesting in the 19th *** compositional changes include a continuing decline in shade-intolerant species(paper birch and aspen),along with the mid-tolerant yellow *** increase in red maple abundance through the early 1990s has leveled off or *** shade-tolerant species,increases in beech and red spruce were largely consistent with assumed land type on unmanaged plots,but heavy marking against diseased beech on managed plots restricted increase of that *** maple declined in abundance except where silvicultural intervention helped maintain *** contrast,eastern hemlock showed a continuing expansion at all elevations below 600 *** data continue to show little or no evidence of upward migration of species,despite evidence of recent regional change in ***,the BEF is poised for substantial changes when emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid,both of which are known to infest nearby areas,do arrive.

关键词： Northern hardwoods Succession Stand dynamics Silviculture

Mechanism of delayed conduction of fellow eyes in patients with optic neuritis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第2期11卷 329-332页

作者： Daniah Alshowaeir Con Yiannikas clare fraser Alexander Klistorner Department of Ophthalmology University of Sydney Department of Ophthalmology King Saud University Department of Neurology Concord Hospital Department of Neurology Royal North Shore Hospital Australian School of Advanced Medicine Macquarie University

To test the hypothesis that latency delay in the fellow eyes of optic neuritis（ON） patients and to compensate for delayed transmission of visual information, latency change of multi-focal visual evoked potential（mf VEP） traces in fellow eyes of 15 ON patients were analyzed. Patients with low risk（lR） for developing multiple sclerosis（MS） were examined separately from MS patients to isolate effect of cortical plasticity from potential pathological changes in disseminated disease. The small increase in latency in fellow eyes of lR group was statistically not significant. In MS patients, the latency was significantly delayed（P〈0.02）. The magnitude of the latency change in the fellow eyes did not correlate with the severity of latency delay in the affected eyes（R^2〈0.02, P=0.3）. The differences between ON patients with and without MS, reported here, suggest that the presence of disseminated disease plays critical role in latency delay of the fellow eye.

关键词： multi-focal visual evoked potential optic neuritis fellow eyes latency delay

Modulating Wnt signaling to improve cell replacement therapy for Parkinson＇s disease

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2014年第1期8卷 54-63页

作者： clare l. Parish lachlan H. Thompson Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

Clinical trials have demonstrated the capacity for dopamine neurons, transplanted ectopicaUy into the striatum, to structurally inte- grate, restore dopamine transmission, and induce long-term functional benefits for Parkinson＇s disease （PD） patients. Despite this proof of principle, a number of limitations have hindered the development of cell replacement therapy over the past 20 years, particu- larly tissue availability, graft survival, and adequate reinnervation of the host brain. With a greater understanding of failure in prior clinical trials, increased knowledge of midbrain dopamine development （now including Wnts）, and the development of pluripotent stem cell technologies, we are better equipped than ever to re-address a number of these challenges. This review summarizes the trials, tribulations, and progress in cell replacement therapy for PD. We discuss the prospects of modulating canonical and non-canon- ical Wnt signalingto improve cell therapy based upon their roles in dopamine neural development and the adult brain. This will include the potential of Wnts to （i） expand fetaUy derived tissue in vitro and foUowing transplantation, （ii） promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, （iii） increase graft integration and restoration of neural circuitry, and finally （iv） enhance graft survival.

关键词： Wnt dopamine Parkinson's disease cell transplantation neurogenesis axon growth motor function

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans accurately predict differing body fat content in live sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 248-253页

作者： David W Miller Ellen J Bennett Joanne l Harrison Fiona Anderson clare l Adam School of Veterinary and life Sciences Murdoch University Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC) Peter Wilson Building The Faculty of Health University of Tasmania School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health University of Aberdeen

Background: There is considerable interest in implementing mobile scanning technology for on-farm body composition analysis on live *** experiments evaluated the use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) as an accurate method of total body fat measurement in live ***: In Exp.1,visceral and whole body fat analysis was undertaken in sheep with body condition scores(BCS)in the range 2 to 3.25(scale 1: thin to 5: fat).The relationship of BCS was moderately correlated with visceral fat depot mass(r = 0.59,P le body fat(r = 0.70,P lood sampled to analyse circulating leptin concentrations,and were DXA scanned immediately post mortem for total body *** leptin concentrations had low correlations with BCS(r = 0.50,P lation with chemical body fat(r = 0.17,P > 0.05,n = 9).There was a moderate correlation between DXA body fat and BCS(r = 0.70,P ly correlated with chemical body fat(r = 0.81,P ls,was performed on growing sheep over a 32-week *** average BCS ranged from 2.39 ± 0.07(S.E.M.) to 3.05 ± 0.11 and the DXA body fat(%) ranged from 16.8 ± 0.8 to 24.2 ± *** was a moderate correlation between DXA body fat and BCS over the 32 weeks(r = 0.61,P lusions: Overall,these experiments indicated that there was good agreement between BCS,DXA and chemical analysis for measuring total body fat in sheep,and that DXA scanning is a valid method for longitudinal measurement of total body fat in live sheep.

关键词： BCS DEXA Fat leptin longitudinal Sheep

Optical coherence tomography in optic disc drusen

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Annals of Eye Science 2020年第1期5卷 22-34页

作者： J.Alexander fraser lulu l.C.D.Bursztyn Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Ophthalmology Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Optic disc drusen (ODD) are hyaline deposits in the optic nerve head, occurring in approximately 2% of the population. ODD may be superficial and visible, or buried and either invisible or seen only as elevation of the optic disc, mimicking optic disc edema. Advanced optic nerve imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to diagnose and characterize ODD with very high resolution. Enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) in particular has emerged as the optimal modality to directly visualize ODD. This modality has led to a greater ability to differentiate ODD from optic disc edema and prevent misdiagnosis or invasive testing. We review the characteristic findings of ODD on OCT, their distinguishing features, and the use of OCT as a biomarker in the neuro-ophthalmic assessment of ODD.

关键词： Drusen optic disk tomography optical coherence

Tailoring minimalist self-assembling peptides for localized viral vector aene deliverv

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Nano Research 2016年第3期9卷 674-684页

作者： Alexandra l. Rodriguez Ting-Yi Wang Kiara F. Bruggeman Rui li Richard J. Williams clare l. Parish David R. Nisbet Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT2601 Australia Florey Institute ofNeuroscience & Men tal Health The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Cen tre for Chemistry and Biotechnology Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3217 Australia School of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and the Health Innovations Research Institute RMIT University Melbourne VIC 300 I Australia

Viral vector gene delivery is a promising technique for the therapeutic administra- tion of proteins to damaged tissue for the improvement of regeneration outcomes in various disease settings including brain and spinal cord injury, as well as autoimmune diseases. Though promising results have been demonstrated, limitations of viral vectors, including spread of the virus to distant sites, neutralization by the host immune system, and low transduction efficiencies have stimulated the investigation of biomaterials as gene delivery vehicles for improved protein expression at an injury site. Here, we show how N- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl （Fmoc） self-assembling peptide （SAP） hydrogels, designed for tissue-specific central nervous system （CNS） applications via incorporation of the laminin peptide sequence isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine- valine （IKVAV）, are effective as biocompatible, localized viral vector gene delivery vehicles in vivo. Through the addition of a C-terminal lysine （K） residue, we show that increased electrostatic interactions, provided by the additional amine side chain, allow effective immobilization of lentiviral vector particles, thereby limiting their activity exclusively to the site of injection and enabling focal gene delivery in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. When the C-terminal lysine was absent, no difference was observed between the number of transfected cells, the volume of tissue transfected, or the transfection efficiency with and without the Fmoc-SAP. Importantly, immobilization of the virus only affected transfection cell number and volume, with no impact observed on transfection efficiency. This hydrogel allows the sustained and targeted delivery of growth factors post injury. We have established Fmoc-SAPs as a versatile platform for enhanced biomaterial design for a range of tissue engineering applications.

关键词： viral vectors gene therapy self-assembling peptides biomaterials

Capturing the value of biosurveillance“big data”through natural capital accounting

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Big Earth Data 2021年第3期5卷 352-367页

作者： David Castle Paul D.N.Hebert Elizabeth l.clare Ian D.Hogg Crystal Tremblay School Public Administration and Gustavason School of Business University of VictoriaCanada Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of GuelphGuelphCanada Ecology and Evolutionary Biology York UniversityTorontoCanada Ecosystem Science Polar Knowledge CanadaOttawa and Cambridge BayCanada Department of Geography University of VictoriaCanada

Global biodiversity is in *** of the scale and pace of biodiversity loss is leading to rapid technological development in biodiversity science to identify species,their interactions,and eco-system *** and international policy developments to stimulate mitigation and remediation actions are escalating to meet the biodiversity *** can take advantage of biosurveil-lance“big data”as evidence for more sweeping and impactful policy *** critical factor is translating biosurveillance data into the value-based frameworks underpinning new policy *** approach to this integration process,using natural capital accounting frameworks is developed.

关键词： Biodiversity biosurveillance big data SDGs policy natural capital accounting digital twins modelling

Widening socioeconomic disparity in lung cancer incidence among men in New South Wales, Australia, 1987–2011

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2017年第5期29卷 395-401页

作者： Xue Qin Yu Qingwei luo clare Kahn Camilla Cahill Marianne Weber Paul Grogan Ahmedin Jemal Dianne l O'Connell Cancer Research Division Cancer Council NSW Sydney School of Public Health University of Sydney Sanofi Australia Cancer Council Australia Surveillance and Health Services Research American Cancer Society School of Medicine and Public Health University of Newcastle

Objective：We assessed the trends in lung cancer incidence over a 25-year period by socioeconomic groups for men in New South Wales（NSW）,***：Men diagnosed with lung cancer between 1987 and 2011 were divided into five quintiles according to an Index of Education and Occupation（IEO）.We assessed relative socioeconomic differences over time by calculating age-standardized incidence ratios（SIRs）by 5-year period of diagnosis,and estimated absolute differences by comparing the observed and expected numbers of cases using the highest IEO quintile as the ***：lung cancer incidence for men decreased from 1987 to 2011 for all IEO quintiles,with a greater rate of decline for men living in the highest IEO ***,the relative disparity increased significantly over the 25-year period（P=0.0006）.For example,the SIR for the lowest IEO quintile increased from 1.28 during 1987–1991 to 1.74during 2007–*** differences also increased with the proportion of＂potentially preventable＂cases doubling from 14.5% in 1987–1991 to 30.2% in 2007–***：Despite the overall decline in lung cancer incidence among men in NSW over the past 25 years,there was a significant increase in disparity across socioeconomic areas in both relative and absolute terms.

关键词： Australia lung cancer socioeconomic inequality temporal trends tobacco control tobacco smoking

Combined immunohistochemical and retrograde tracing reveals little evidence of innervation of the rat dentate gyrus by midbrain dopamine neurons

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第3期11卷 246-255页

作者： Charlotte M. Ermine Jordan l. Wright clare l. Parish Davor Stanic lachlan H. Thompson The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia Current address Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK

Although the functional neuroanatomy of the midbrain dopamine （mDA） system has been well characterized, the literature regarding its capacity to innervate the hippocampal formation has been inconsistent. The lack of expression of definitive markers for dopaminergic fibers, such as the dopamine transporter, in the hippocampus has complicated studies in this area. Here we have used immunohistochemical techniques to characterize the tyrosine hydroxylase expressing fiber network in the rat hippocampus, combined with retrograde tracing from the dentate gyrus to assess the capacity for afferent innervation by mDA neurons. The results indicate that virtually all tyrosine hydroxylase fibers throughout the hippocampus are of a noradrenergic phenotype, while the overlying cortex contains both dopaminergic and noradrenergic fiber networks. Furthermore, retrograde tracing from the dentate gyrus robustly labels tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus but not mDA neurons.

关键词： noradrenaline hippocampus connectivity DAT neurogenesis