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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第8期7卷 917-927页

作者： clara Mancuso Donatella Barisani Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-Bicocca

Celiac disease(CeD) is an autoimmune disorder, mainly affecting the small intestine, triggered by the ingestion of gluten with the diet in subjects with a specific genetic status. The passage of gluten peptides through the intestinal barrier, the uptake by antigen presenting cells and their presentation to T cells represent essential steps in the pathogenesis of the disease. CeD prevalence varies in different populations, but a tendency to increase has been observed in various studies in recent years. A higher amount of gluten in modern grains could explain this increased frequency, but also food processing could play a role in this phenomenon. In particular, the common use of preservatives such as nanoparticles could intervene in the pathogenesis of CeD, due to their possible effect on the integrity of the intestinal barrier, immune response or microbiota. In fact, these alterations have been reported after exposure to metal nanoparticles,which are commonly used as preservatives or to improve food texture,consistency and color. This review will focus on the interactions between several food additives and the intestine, taking into account data obtained in vitro and in vivo, and analyzing their effect in respect to the development of CeD in genetically predisposed individuals.

关键词： Celiac disease Food additives Metallic nanoparticles Gluten Intestine Immune system

Optimizing the delivery of combination therapy for tumors： A mathematical model

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第3期10卷 179-194页

作者： clara Rojas Rodriguez Juan Belmonte-Beitia Departamento de Matematicas E. T. S. de Ingenieros Industriales Universidad de CastiUa-La Mancha 13071 Ciudad Real Spain Instituto de Matemdtica Aplicada a la Ciencia y la Ingenierla (IMA CI) Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 13071 Ciudad Real Spain

We present in this paper a new mathematical model for the scheduling of angiogenic inhibitors in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent for a tumor. Our model takes into account the process of angiogenesis and the quality of the vasculature discriminating between stable blood vessels and unstable blood vessels. We characterize theoretically the optimal controls on drug distribution to minimize the number of cancer cells at the end of the treatment in a free horizon time problem with restrictions on the total amount of drug doses. Finally, we solve the optimal control problem by using numerical simulations, obtaining as a result that, despite the number of the tumor cells decrease with anti-angiogenic treatment, the best results are reached at the end of the chemotherapy treatment.

关键词： Mathematical modeling of tumor growth anti-angiogenic treatment chemotherapy singular control bang bang control.

Two host-plant strains in the fall armyworm

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INSECT SCIENCE 2024年第6期31卷 1675-1683页

作者： Nam, Kiwoong Negre, Nicolas Benjumea, clara Ines Saldamando Univ Montpellier DGIMI INRAE F-34095 Montpellier France Univ Nacl Colombia Fac Ciencias Dept Biociencias Lab Ecol & Evoluc Insectos 16 223Grp Biotecnol Ve Medellin Colombia

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the major pest insects damaging diverse crops including cotton, corn, rice, and sorghum. Fall armyworms have been identified as two morphologically indistinguishable strains, the corn strain, and the rice strain, named after their preferred host-plants. Although initially recognized as host-plant strains, there has been an ongoing debate regarding whether the corn and rice strains should be considered as such. In this article, we present arguments based on recent population genomics studies supporting that these two strains should be considered to be host-plant strains. Furthermore, host-plant adaptation appears to be a driving evolutionary force responsible for incipient speciation in the fall armyworm. The existence of two sympatric strains within the fall armyworm, a lepidopteran species, has been well-documented for nearly four decades. However, the underlying evolutionary mechanism responsible for the genetic differentiation between these strains has remained a subject of intense debate. This review highlights recent evolutionary genomic studies, demonstrating the role of host-plant adaptation as the driving force behind the incipient speciation between these strains. image

关键词： fall armyworm host-plant adaptation incipient speciation Spodoptera frugiperda

Majorana Representations of Finite Groups

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Algebra Colloquium 2020年第1期27卷 31-50页

作者： clara Franchi Alexander A.Ivanov Mario Mainardis Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Via Musei 41I-25121 BresciaItaly Department of Mathematics Imperial College 180 Queen's Gt.LondonSW72AZUK Institute for System Analysis FRC CSCRASRussia Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Universita di Udine Via delle Scienze 206I-33100 UdineItaly

In this paper we give a brief overview of the theory of Majorana representations of finite groups.

关键词： axial algebras Majorana representations Monster group Monster algebra,association schemes

Individual repeatability in timing and spatial flexibility of migration routes of trans-Saharan migratory raptors

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 642-652页

作者： Pascual LOPEZ-LOPEZ clara GARCLA-RIPOLLES Vicente URIOS Vertebrates Zoology Research Group CIBIO Research Institute University ofAlicante Edificio Ciencias III Apdo. 99 E-03080Alicante Spain

Satellite-tracking technology has allowed scientists to make a quantum leap in the field of migration ecology. Nowadays, the basic description of migratory routes of many species of birds has been reported. However, the investigation of bird migration at individual level （i.e. repeatability in migratory routes and timing） still remains seldom explored. Here, we investigated repeated migratory trips of a trans-Saharan endangered migratory raptor, the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, tracked by GPS satellite telemetry. We compared between- and within-individual variation in migratory routes and timing in order to assess the degree of repeatability （or conversely, the flexibility） in migration. To this end, we analysed a dataset of 48 trips （23 springs and 25 autumns） recorded for six adult birds during 2007-2013. Our results showed consistent migration timing at the individual level, both in spring and autumn. Interestingly, there was a high degree of flexibility in the routes followed by the same individual in different years, probably due to variations in meteorological conditions. Contrary to expectations of a faster migration in spring than in autumn owing to a time-minimization strategy for breeding, birds spent less time in autumn migration （13 ± 2 days, range = 9-18 d） than in spring migration （19 ± 3 days, range = 13-26 d）, which can be explained by differences in environmental con- ditions en route. Egyptian vultures showed a consistent clockwise loop migration through western Africa, following more easterly routes in autumn than in spring. Finally, our results provide supporting evidence of low phenotypic plasticity in timing of migration （i.e. strong endogenous control of migration） and high flexibility in routes [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 642-652, 2014].

关键词： Egyptian vulture Endogenous control GPS Loop migration Neophron percnopterus Random routes Satellite tracking Simulation

Arnica montana experimental studies:confounders and biases?

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第2期16卷 72-76页

作者： Bellavite Paolo Marzotto Marta Bonafini clara Department of Medicine University of Verona

Arnica montana is a popular traditional remedy widely used in complementary and alternative medicine, in part for its wound-healing properties. The authors recently showed that this plant extract and several of its homeopathic dilutions are able to modify the expression of a series of genes involved in inflamma- tion and connective tissue regeneration. Their studies opened a debate, including criticisms to the ＂errors＂ in the methods used and the ＂confounders and biases＂. Here the authors show that the criticisms raised on methodology and statistics are not consistent and cannot be considered pertinent. The present comment also updates and reviews information concerning the action of A. montana dilutions in human macrophage cells while summarizing the major experimental advances reported on this interesting medicinal plant.

关键词： Arnica montana Gene expression Ethanol Statistics

Drivers and barriers to energy-efficient technologies(EETs)in EU residential buildings

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Energy and Built Environment 2021年第3期2卷 290-301页

作者： clara Camarasa Lokesh Kumar Kalahasthi Leonardo Rosado Sustainable Building Group Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

To achieve carbon targets,the European Union(EU)aims to promote nearly zero-energy buildings(nZEB).To enable the necessary transition,technical solutions need to converge with socio-economic factors,such values and awareness of stakeholders involved in the decision-making *** this light,the aim of this paper is to characterise perceived drivers and barriers to nine energy-efficient technologies(EET),according to key decision-makers’and persuaders of the technology selection in the EU residential building *** are collected across eight EU countries,***(BE),Germany(DE),Spain(ES),France(FR),Italy(IT),Netherlands(NL),Poland(PL),and United Kingdom(UK).The stakeholders’selected are architects,construction companies,engineers,installers and demand-side *** from a multi-country survey is analysed to calculate the share of 15 drivers and 21 barriers(aggregated to 5 groups),being selected for each EET and *** 5 groups considered to analyse drivers and barriers are environmental,technical,economic,social,*** perceived barriers and drivers were further studied for their association across the countries using the Pearson’s Chi2 and a Cramer’s V *** results demonstrate that across all EETs and countries,the technical and economic driver groups are perceived to have the highest potential to increase the implementation rate of *** terms of barriers,economic aspects are seen as the foremost reason that EET are not scaling *** both drivers and barriers legal aspects are the least often *** overall the barrier groups show significant variation across countries compared to driver *** findings provide an evidence-basis to better understand arguments in favour and against specific EETs and,in this way,support policy makers and other interested parties to increase the market share of the selected solutions.

关键词： Energy efficiency Technology diffusion Technology selection Residential building stock Drivers Barriers

Seeking and Managing Wealth: Advice from a Guangdong Mother in Late Qing and Early Republican China

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Frontiers of History in China 2019年第4期14卷 508-534页

作者： clara Wing-chung Ho Department of History Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong SARChina

This article traces the liife of Qu Fengzhu(1860-1927),a native of Panyu,Guangdong,with special fOcus on her Zhijia yaoyi(Basic principles of household management).Whereas many women from elite families in late imperial China emphasized the importance of their sons studying hard in order to secure a place in the government or to live with dignity,Qu Fengzhu fbcused on seeking and managing wealth properly to sustain the family *** in the greater Canton area loaded with heavy commercial activities and Fast-West interaction opportunities,as well as w让nessing the political and social transition from the imperial era to the republican era,Qu Fengzhu gave very pragmatic advice to her o伍pHng without elaborating much on high-sounding truths and *** set four rules for her children to follow and emphasized the imporance of diligence and *** a flourishing commercial world,the relatively conservative arguments on wealth management contained in Zhjjia yaosomehow incorpomtes moral *** makes its authors words carry weight and significance.

关键词： Qu Fengzhu Wu Qingshi Guangdong Panyu educated miothers wealth management household instruction manual

A species-transport model for circulation in a leading-edge vortex

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Advances in Aerodynamics 2022年第1期4卷 762-779页

作者： clara Giner-Morency Jaime G.Wong Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonT6G 1H9Canada

In this study,we propose a model to predict circulation growth along the span of a rotating wing,in which circulation transport is represented as species *** particles entering the vortex shear layer at the leading edge are initialized as vorticity-containing mass and are advected by the flow along the span.A circulation budget is presented,consisting of a generation and transport term,the latter derived from the vorticity transport equation,which leaves only two unknowns for the modeller to determine:the shear-layer thickness and the spanwise flow *** find that the model is insensitive to the value chosen for the shear-layer thickness,as varying the thickness by an order of magnitude only changes the output by a few ***,we use Bernoulli equation in a rotating coordinates system as a basic model for spanwise *** verify the accuracy of the model,the predicted circulation values are compared against experimental circulation values and show good agreement to measurements close to the axis of rotation,which corresponds to the spanwise locations at which the spanwise flow model best matches experimental *** is suggested,therefore,that this model produces accurate results subject to an appropriate spanwise flow model.

关键词： Leading-edge vortices Circulation transport Vortex growth Rotating wings

Necrosis zone depth after bipolar plasma vaporization and resection in the human prostate

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第2期10卷 144-150页

作者： clara Breitling Hans Nenning Jorg Rassler Department of Urology St.Elisabeth HospitalLeipzigGermany Institute for Pathology“Am Elsapark” LeipzigGermany

Objectives:To compare the depth of thermal necrosis after use of bipolar resection and vaporization technique comparing intra-individually bipolar loop and bipolar button ***:Transurethral resection and vaporization of the prostate was performed in 55 male patients(260 specimens in total).In a standardized procedure,a bipolar resection loop was used for resection,and a bipolar button electrode was used for *** electrodes were applied in each patient,either in the left or in the right lateral *** depth of necrotic zones in the resected or vaporized tissue of each patient was measured in a standardized way by light ***:The mean depth with standard deviation of thermal injury caused by the loop electrode was 0.0495±0.0274 *** vaporization electrode caused a mean thermal depth with standard deviation of 0.0477±0.0276 *** mean difference of necrosis zone depths between the two types of electrodes(PlasmaButtoneresection loop)was 0.0018 mm(p=0.691).Conclusion:For the first time,we present directly measured values of the absolute necrosis zone depth after application of plasma in the transurethral treatment of benign prostatic *** measured values were lower than in all other transurethral *** procedures of measurement and evaluation allow a statistically significant statement that the low necrosis depth in bipolar procedures is independent of the applied electrodes.

关键词： Transurethral resection of prostate Bipolar enucleation Plasma resection Plasma vaporization Necrosis depth