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Local Persistence of Large Benthic Foraminifera(LBF)under Increasing Urban Development:A Case Study from Zanzibar(Unguja),east Africa

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Journal of earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1434-1450页

作者： Gita R.Narayan Natalia Herrán claire e.Reymond Yohanna W.Shaghude Hildegard Westphal Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research(ZMT) BremenGermany Department of Geosciences Bremen UniversityBremenGermany Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research(IOW) 18119RostockGermany School of earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Geosciences The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Institute of Marine Sciences(IMS) The University of Dar es SalaamZanzibarTanzania King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Coastal marine management is vital for socio-ecological sustainability of developing,tropical ecosystems,which calls for diverse tools to monitor and assess water *** carbonatedominated habitats off Zanzibar were chosen for study due to potential water quality degradation in a rapidly developing tourist destination heavily reliant on its coral *** reefs are largely unmonitored and subject to local and global stressors.A widely used method for assessing reef health,as an early detection method of ecological changes,is the application of large benthic foraminiferal bioindicators,i.e.,the Fo RAM *** expected to find poor water quality conditions in the unmanaged reefs supported by stress-toelerant(opportunistic)foraminiferal *** dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate values derived from untreated sewage effluent from Stone Town were highly variable(ranging 0.05–3.77 and 0.05–1.45μM,respectively),moderate,and occasionally approached or exceeded critical threshold values for oligotrophic *** analysis of total assemblages indicated an abundance of symbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifera,dominated by prolific Amphistegina species,comparatively low-moderate diversity,high FI values(7.6 on average),and high coral cover.A water quality gradient was reflected by subtle assemblage differences,suggesting that LBF can provide early warning signals of benthic changes,indicating the importance of long-term monitoring programs in vulnerable,rapidly developing coastal ecosystems exposed to increasing pressures.

关键词： carbonate coral reef bioindicator Fo RAM Index nutrients sewage effluent Western Indian Ocean coastal development coastal marine management

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Amalgamated gold-nanoalloys with enhanced catalytic activity for the detection of mercury ions(Hg^2+)in seawater samples

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 989-998页

作者： Natasha Logan claire McVey Christopher elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueens University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastBT95DLUK Material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Queens University Belfast18-30 Malone RoadBelfastBT95BNUK

Mercury(Hg)is extremely toxic,and continues to cause major threats to aquatic life,human health and the ***^2+mainly derives from seawater as a product of atmospheric deposition,therefore there is great demand for sensing approaches that can detect Hg^2+in seawater ***,we demonstrate that the peroxidase-mimicking activity of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)or so-called nanozymes,can be exploited for the detection of Hg^2+ions in various water *** a high electrolyte environment,the catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)was significantly diminished due to poor stability of the *** activity was reduced by-73.7%when the NaCl concentration was higher than 1.168%,which is much lower than that of seawater(-3.5%),thus presenting its unsuitability for detecting Hg^2+in harsh water *** overcome this limitation,AuNPs were first functionalized with oligo-ethylene glycol(OeG),of which their colloidal form presented high stability in NaCl concentrations up to 20%and across a wide range of pHs from ***,the catalytic activity of OeG-AuNPs for the oxidation of TMB was strongly suppressed by the coating,but enhanced upon formation of Au-Hg *** novel finding underlies a straightforward,sensitive,and highly selective detection platform for Hg^2+in water *** approach could detect the exposure limit level for Hg^2+in drinking water(i.e.,2 ppb for tap and bottled water)as set by the United States environmental Protection Agency(ePA)and the World Health Organization(WHO).When Hg^2+was spiked into a 3.5%saline solution and a coastal seawater certified reference material(CRM),the detection limits were found to be 10 ancM 3 ppb,respectively,which exceed the Hg^2+concentrations commonly found within seawater(-60-80 ppb).The whole procedure takes less than 45 min to conduct,providing a highly innovative,rapid and low-cost approach for detecting Hg^2+in complex water matrices.

关键词： gold nanoparticles nanozyme peroxidase-like mercury detection w ater samples seawater

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Hypoxia and its impact on the tumour microenvironment of gastroesophageal cancers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第5期13卷 312-331页

作者： Ross King Conall Hayes claire L Donohoe Margaret R Dunne Maria Davern Noel e Donlon Department of Surgery St.James’s Hospital CampusTrinity Translational Medicine InstituteDublin D8Ireland

The malfeasant role of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment(TMe)in cancer progression was recognized decades ago but the exact mechanisms that augment the hallmarks of cancer and promote treatment resistance continue to be *** cancers(GOCs)represent a major burden of worldwide disease,responsible for the deaths of over 1 million people *** the impact of hypoxia in GOCs enables a better overall understanding of the disease pathogenesis while shining a light on novel therapeutic strategies and facilitating precision treatment approaches with the ultimate goal of improving outcomes for patients with these *** review discusses the underlying principles and processes of the hypoxic response and the effect of hypoxia in promoting the hallmarks of cancer in the context of *** focus on its bidirectional influence on inflammation and how it drives angiogenesis,innate and adaptive immune evasion,metastasis,and the reprogramming of cellular *** contribution of the hypoxic GOC TMe to treatment resistance is examined and a brief overview of the pharmacodynamics of hypoxiatargeted therapeutics is *** principal methods that are used in measuring hypoxia and how they may enhance prognostication or provide rationale for individually tailored management in the case of tumours with significant hypoxic regions are also discussed.

关键词： esophageal cancer Gastric cancer Tumor hypoxia Tumour microenvironment Gastroesophageal cancer

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Avoiding artefacts in MicroCT imaging of collagen scaffolds:effect of phosphotungstic acid(PTA)-staining and crosslink density

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第2期7卷 210-219页

作者： Kyung-Ah Kwon Daniel V.Bax Jennifer H.shepherd Ruth e.Cameron Serena M.Best Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials Department of Materials Science and MetallurgyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom School of engineering University of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom

X-ray micro-computed tomography(μ-CT)can be used to provide both qualitative and quantitative information on the structure of three-dimensional(3D)bioactive *** performed in a dry state,μ-CT accurately reflects the structure of collagen-based scaffolds,but imaging in a wet state offers challenges with *** we have used phosphotungstic acid(PTA)as a contrast agent to visualise fully hydrated collagen scaffolds in a physiologically relevant environment.A systematic investigation was performed to understand the effects of PTA on the results of μ-CT imaging by varying sample processing variables such as crosslinking density,hydration medium and staining *** samples in 0.3% PTA solution overnight completely stained the samples and the treatment provided a successful route forμ-CT analysis of crosslinked ***,significant structural artefacts were observed for samples which were either non-crosslinked or had low levels of crosslinking,which had a heterogeneous interior architecture with collapsed pores at the scaffold *** work highlights the importance of optimising the choice of processing and staining conditions to ensure accurate visualisation for hydrated 3D collagen scaffolds in an aqueous medium.

关键词： MicroCT crosslinking qualitative

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Diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus infection: A contemporary review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1697-1711页

作者： Anne-claire Desbois Patrice Cacoub Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department Sorbonne Universités UMR_S 959 French National Institute of Health and Medical Research FRe3632 The French National Center for Scientific Research Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP

To summarise the literature data on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients concerning the prevalence of glucose abnormalities and associated *** conducted a PubMed search and selected all studies found with the key words 'HCV' or 'hepatitis C virus' and 'diabetes' or 'insulin resistance'. We included only comparative studies written in english or in French, published from January 2000 to April 2015. We collected the literature data on HCV-infected patients concerning the prevalence of glucose abnormalities [diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance (IR)] and associated risk [i.e., severe liver fibrosis, response to antivirals, and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)].ReSULTSHCV infection is significantly associated with DM/IR compared with healthy volunteers and patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Glucose abnormalities were associated with advanced liver fibrosis, lack of sustained virologic response to interferon alfa-based treatment and with a higher risk of HCC development. As new antiviral therapies may offer a cure for HCV infection, such data should be taken into account, from a therapeutic and preventive point of view, for liver and non-liver consequences of HCV disease. The efficacy of antidiabetic treatment in improving the response to antiviral treatment and in decreasing the risk of HCC has been reported by some studies but not by others. Thus, the effects of glucose abnormalities correction in reducing liver events need further *** abnormalities are strongly associated with HCV infection and show a negative impact on the main liver related outcomes.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Liver fibrosis Treatment

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Airborne laser scanning of natural forests in New Zealand reveals the influences of wind on forest carbon

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Forest ecosystems 2018年第2期5卷 126-139页

作者： David A. Coomes Daniel Safka James shepherd Michele Dalponte Robert Holdaway Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street CB2 3EA Cambridge UK Landcare Research Riddet Rd Massey University Palmerston North 4474 Palmerston North New Zealand Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources Reserch and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Math via E. Math 138010 San Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy Landcare Research 54 Gerald Street Lincoln 7608 Lincoln New Zealand.

Background： Forests are a key component of the global carbon cycle, and research is needed into the effects of human-driven and natural processes on their carbon pools. Airborne laser scanning （ALS） produces detailed 3D maps of forest canopy structure from which aboveground carbon density can be estimated. Working with a ALS dataset collected over the 8049-km2 Wellington Region of New Zealand we create maps of indigenous forest carbon and evaluate the influence of wind by examining how carbon storage varies with aspect. Storms flowing from the west are a common cause of disturbance in this region, and we hypothesised that west-facing forests exposed to these winds would be shorter than those in sheltered east-facing sites. Methods： The aboveground carbon density of 31 forest inventory plots located within the ALS survey region were used to develop estimation models relating carbon density to ALS information. Power-law models using rasters of top-of-the-canopy height were compared with models using tree-level information extracted from the ALS dataset. A forest carbon map with spatial resolution of 25 m was generated from ALS maps of forest height and the estimation models. The map was used to evaluate the influences of wind on forests. Results： Power-law models were slightly less accurate than tree-centric models （RMSe 35% vs 32%） but were selected for map generation for computational efficiency. The carbon map comprised 4.5 million natural forest pixels within which canopy height had been measured by ALS, providing an unprecedented dataset with which to examine drivers of carbon density. Forests facing in the direction of westerly storms stored less carbon, as hypothesised. They had much greater above-ground carbon density for a given height than any of 14 tropical forests previously analysed by the same approach, and had exceptionally high basal areas for their height. We speculate that strong winds have kept forests short without impeding basal area growth. Concl

关键词： Forest LiDAR Airborne laser scanning Remote sensing Carbon Climate change Cyclone Wind New Zealand LUCAS

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Hepatitis C in the pediatric population: Transmission, natural history, treatment and liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11281-11286页

作者： Saira Khaderi Ross shepherd John A Goss Daniel Leung Division of Abdominal Transplantation Micheal E DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology Nutrition Texas Children’s Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 United States

The number of children affected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States is estimated to be between 23000 to 46000. The projected medical cost for children with HCV in the United States is upwards of 200 million over the next decade. The implementation of routine screening of blood supply has virtually eliminated transmission via transfusion and vertical transmission is now the most common mode of infection in children. Infections acquired during infancy are more likely to spontaneously resolve and fibrosis of the liver tends to increase with age suggesting slow progressive histologic injury. Anti-viral treatment may be warranted in children with persistently elevated liver enzymes or with significant fibrosis on liver biopsy. Current standard of care includes weekly pegylated interferon and ribavirin twice daily. Predictors of high sustained viral response include genotype 2 and 3 and low viral load in children with genotype 1 (e therapy is associated with a significantly higher rate of sustained virologic response (> 90%). Only 34 pediatric patients were transplanted with hepatitis C between January 2008 and April 2013. The majority of pediatric patients were born prior to universal screening of blood products and, as of June 2013, there are only two pediatric patients awaiting liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease secondary to hepatitis C. Pediatric survival rates post-transplant are excellent but graft survival is noticeably reduced compared to adults (73.73% for pediatric patients at one year compared to 87.69% in adult patients). New safe potent, and all-oral effective antiviral therapies for recurrent HCV should help increase graft survival.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver transplantation Pediatric Infection Fibrosis Liver disease

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A New Machine-Learning extracting Approach to Construct a Knowledge Base: A Case Study on Global Stromatolites over Geological Time

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Journal of earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1358-1373页

作者： Xiaobo Zhang Hao Li Qiang Liu Zhenhua Li claire e.Reymond Min Zhang Yuangeng Huang Hongfei Chen Zhong-Qiang Chen School of Computer China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China

Within any scientific disciplines, a large amount of data are buried within various literature depositories and archives, making it difficult to manually extract useful information from the datum swamps. The machine-learning extraction of data therefore is necessary for the big-data-based studies. Here, we develop a new text-mining technique to reconstruct the global database of the Precambrian to Recent stromatolites, providing better understanding of secular changes of stromatolites though geological time. The step-by-step data extraction process is described as below. First, the PDF documents of stromatolite-containing literatures were collected, and converted into text formation. Second, a glossary and tag-labeling system using NLP(Natural Language Processing) software was employed to search for all possible candidate pairs from each sentence within the papers collected here. Third, each candidate pair and features were represented as a factor graph model using a series of heuristic procedures to score the weights of each pair feature. Occurrence data of stromatolites versus stratigraphical units(abbreviated as Strata), facies types, locations, and age worldwide were extracted from literatures, respectively, and their extraction accuracies are 92%/464, 87%/778, 92%/846, and 93%/405 from 3 750 scientific abstracts, respectively, and are 90%/1 734, 86%/2 869, 90%/2 055 and 91%/857 from 11 932 papers, respectively. A total of 10 072 unique datum items were identified. The newly obtained stromatolite dataset demonstrates that their stratigraphical occurrences reached a pronounced peak during the Proterozoic(2 500 – 541 Ma), followed by a distinct fall during the early Phanerozoic, and overall fluctuations through the Phanerozoic(541–0 Ma). Globally, seven stromatolite hotspots were identified from the new dataset, including western United States, eastern United States, western europe, India, South Africa, northern China, and southern China. The proportional occurren

关键词： machine learning knowledge base construction stromatolites Precambrian knowledge graph

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Pit Chains Belonging to Radiating Graben-Fissure Systems on Venus: Model for Formation during Lateral Dyke Injection

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 143-144页

作者： Calder W.PATTeRSON Richard e eRNST claire SAMSON Department of earth Sciences Carleton University

Pits are circular to elliptical,steep-sided,flat-bottomed depressions interpreted to form from collapse into a *** occur on earth,Venus and Mars and range in diameter from;00 m to several kilometres(e.g.

关键词： rock Pit Chains Belonging to Radiating Graben-Fissure Systems on Venus Model for Formation during Lateral Dyke Injection

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Diverse outcomes of species interactions in an invaded annual plant community

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Journal of Plant ecology 2017年第6期10卷 918-926页

作者： claire e.Wainwright John M.Dwyer Richard J.Hobbs Margaret M.Mayfield The ecology Centre School of Biological SciencesBuilding 8The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueensland 4072Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and WaterEcoSciences PrecinctDutton ParkQueensland 4001Australia School of Plant Biology The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia

Aims Despite acknowledgement that interactions among native and exotic species are important for determining the structure and diversity of novel communities,directed experiments using mul-tiple exotics from the same system are *** observational studies have highlighted distinct ways that exotic species interface with resident natives across invaded *** correlative nature of these studies,however,has provided few details about the mechanisms driving distinct interaction outcomes within the same *** aim was to determine how three exotic annual plant species with distinct relationships with local plant diversity impact the performance of a co-occurring native annual in the York gum-jam woodlands of Western *** We grew species in experimental communities in growth chambers at varying total planting densities to assess how interaction out-comes varied among natives and exotics across a gradient of com-petition *** measured a variety of performance responses,including survival,biomass and population-level and individual-level reproductive *** Findings Overall,the effects of interspecific versus intraspecific competi-tion on performance varied with the identity and density of exotic *** exploitative exotic grass Bromus madritensis was dominant in polyculture,whereas the diminutive grass Pentameris airoides conferred weak intraspecific competition and interspe-cific facilitation on native Waitzia *** exotic broadleaf forb,Hypochaeris glabra,suppressed growth and survival of ***,while *** had weakly negative,neutral or positive effects on all *** outcomes highlight the complexity of interac-tions impacting the diversity,stability and structure of novel plant *** few of these communities contain a single exotic species,understanding the competitive dynamics occurring in diverse novel communities is critical for their conservation and restoration.

关键词： annual plants biotic interactions competition invasion novel ecosystems

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