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Bubbles and incentives:an experiment on asset markets

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Economic and Political Studies 2021年第1期9卷 68-89页

作者： Stéphane Robin Katerina Stráznická Marie claire Villeval Grenoble INP Institute of Engineering and Management Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory(GAEL)University of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance French National Centre for Scientific Research(CNRS) ParisFrance National Institute for Agricultural Research(INRA) ParisFrance Clermont Research Management(CleRMA) University of Clermont AuvergneClermont-FerrandFrance University of Lyon LyonFrance Group of Economic Analysis and Theory(GATE) French National Centre for Scientific Research(CNRS)EcullyFrance Institute of Labour Economics(IZA) BonnGermany

We explore the effects of competitive incentives and of their time horizon on the evolution of both asset prices and trading activity in experimental asset *** compare(i)a no-bonus treatment;(ii)a short-term bonus treatment in which bonuses are assigned to the best performers at the end of each trading period;(iii)a long-term bonus treatment in which bonuses are assigned to the best performers at the end of the 15 periods of the *** find that the existence of bonus contracts does not increase the likelihood of bubbles but it affects their severity,depending on the time horizon of *** with longterm bonus contracts experience lower price deviations and a lower turnover of assets than markets with either no bonuses or long-term bonus ***-term bonus contracts increase price deviations but only when markets include a higher share of male *** the individual level,the introduction of bonus contracts increases the trading activity of males,probably due to their higher competitiveness.

关键词： Asset market bubbles incentives bonuses risk attitudes experiment

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265(Val66Met)single nucleotide polymorphism as a master modifier of human pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 102-106页

作者： Van Thuan Nguyen Braxton Hill Naiya Sims Aaron Heck Marcus Negron claire Lusk Cristi LGalindo Department of Biology Western Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenKYUSA

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is the most prevalent member of the nerve growth factor *** its discovery in 1978,this enigmatic molecule has spawned more than 27,000 publications,most of which are focused on neurological ***-derived neurotrophic factor is indispensable during embryogenesis and postnatally for the normal development and function of both the central and peripheral nervous *** is becoming increasingly clear,however,that brain-derived neurotrophic factor likewise plays crucial roles in a variety of other biological functions independently of sympathetic or parasympathetic ***-derived neurotrophic factor is also increasingly recognized as a sophisticated environmental sensor and master coordinator of whole organismal *** that point,we recently found that a common nonsynonymous(Val66→Met)single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene(rs6265)not only substantially alters basal cardiac transcriptomics in mice but subtly influences heart gene expression and function differentially in males and *** addition to a short description of recent results from associative neuropsychiatric studies,this review provides an eclectic assortment of research reports that support a modulatory role for rs6265 including and beyond the central nervous system.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor neuropsychiatric disorders rs6265 Val66Met

Perceptions of telemedicine at a pediatric otolaryngology-head and neck surgery program

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第4期5卷 282-288页

作者： claire Gwilt Gregory Metzger Kris Jatana Tran Bourgeois Patrick Walz The Ohio State University College of Medicine ColumbusOhioUSA Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA Department of Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Center for Surgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Department of Otolaryngology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA

Objective With few studies investigating the effectiveness of telemedicine(TM)in pediatric otolaryngology(ear,nose,and throat;ENT),its role in clinical practice is *** objective of this study was to investigate provider perspectives regarding utility of TM in pediatric ENT *** A survey gauging the relative merits of TM visits for common pediatric ENT chief complaints and postoperative visits was distributed to all pediatric ENT providers at a tertiary care,free-standing children’s *** were asked to assess the effectiveness of TM visits compared with in-person visits for completing the following tasks:history collection,physical examination,medical decision-making,and patient *** Providers rated TM visits as less useful than in-person visits for completing the most predefined tasks but did identify advantages in history taking via TM for the majority of *** with providers with≥10 years of experience,those with<10 years of experience found TM to be more effective than the in-person appointment for making clinical decisions for patients presenting with recurrent/chronic pharyngitis,neck masses,and stridor/noisy *** regarding the utility of TM for postoperative visits were mixed,with adenoidectomy,tonsillectomy and superficial procedures being most frequently deemed appropriate for *** The introduction of TM to pediatric ENT faces limitations in detailed examination of areas not accessible without specialized *** to its strength in history taking,results suggest an asynchronous,‘store and forward’encounter followed by an in-person physical examination to confirm the diagnosis and treatment plan could be beneficial.

关键词： pediatric superficial diagnosis

Local Persistence of Large Benthic Foraminifera(LBF)under Increasing Urban Development:A Case Study from Zanzibar(Unguja),East Africa

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1434-1450页

作者： Gita R.Narayan Natalia Herrán claire E.Reymond Yohanna W.Shaghude Hildegard Westphal Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research(ZMT) BremenGermany Department of Geosciences Bremen UniversityBremenGermany Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research(IOW) 18119RostockGermany School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Geosciences The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Institute of Marine Sciences(IMS) The University of Dar es SalaamZanzibarTanzania King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Coastal marine management is vital for socio-ecological sustainability of developing,tropical ecosystems,which calls for diverse tools to monitor and assess water *** carbonatedominated habitats off Zanzibar were chosen for study due to potential water quality degradation in a rapidly developing tourist destination heavily reliant on its coral *** reefs are largely unmonitored and subject to local and global stressors.A widely used method for assessing reef health,as an early detection method of ecological changes,is the application of large benthic foraminiferal bioindicators,i.e.,the Fo RAM *** expected to find poor water quality conditions in the unmanaged reefs supported by stress-toelerant(opportunistic)foraminiferal *** dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate values derived from untreated sewage effluent from Stone Town were highly variable(ranging 0.05–3.77 and 0.05–1.45μM,respectively),moderate,and occasionally approached or exceeded critical threshold values for oligotrophic *** analysis of total assemblages indicated an abundance of symbiont-bearing large benthic foraminifera,dominated by prolific Amphistegina species,comparatively low-moderate diversity,high FI values(7.6 on average),and high coral cover.A water quality gradient was reflected by subtle assemblage differences,suggesting that LBF can provide early warning signals of benthic changes,indicating the importance of long-term monitoring programs in vulnerable,rapidly developing coastal ecosystems exposed to increasing pressures.

关键词： carbonate coral reef bioindicator Fo RAM Index nutrients sewage effluent Western Indian Ocean coastal development coastal marine management

Screening for hypertension-mediated organ damage and aetiology:still of value after 65 years of age?

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第11期19卷 791-801页

作者： Delphine Thiolliere Brahim Harbaoui claire Falandry Marc Bonnefoy Jean-Christophe Lega Pierre Lantelme Pierre-Yves Courand Fédération de cardiologie Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse et Hôpital Lyon SudHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance Universitéde Lyon CREATISCNRS UMR5220INSERM U1044INSA-LyonUniversitéClaude Bernard LyonFrance Service Universitaire de Gériatrie Hôpital Lyon SudHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance CarMeN UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1OullinsFrance Service de médecine interne et pathologies vasculaires Groupe d’Etude Multidisciplinaires des Maladies Thrombotiques(GEMMAT)Hôpital Lyon SudHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance Universitéde Lyon Equipe Evaluation et Modélisation des Effets ThérapeutiquesLaboratoire de Biologie et Biométrie EvolutiveCNRS UMR 5558UniversitéClaude BernardLyonFrance

BACKGROUND Secondary forms and hypertension-mediated organ damage(HMOD) may differ between younger and older hypertensive *** aim of the present study was to explore the specificity of HMOD and secondary forms in patients≥ 65 years in comparison to younger ones in a contemporary *** We analysed 938 patients recruited between 2004 and 2014(Cardiology department,Croix-Rousse Hospital,Lyon)who had at baseline HMOD and secondary forms screening among them 190 were≥ 65 *** The mean(2.1±0.8 vs.1.2±0.9,P 10 m/s was the most frequent HMOD in patients≥ 65 years(90.1%),while echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy was the most common in the younger patients(45.0%).Among ECG left ventricular indexes,only R wave in aVL lead was significantly more frequently observed in patients≥ 65 years(32.6%) than in younger ones(19.0%,P <0.001).The frequency of secondary hypertension was not significantly different between younger and older patients(respectively;30.5% vs.27.8%,P=0.487).The most frequent aetiology was primary aldosteronism regardless of age,followed by renovascular hypertension(6.3% vs.3.3%,P=0.038).Among older patients,3.2% were treated with adrenalectomy and 6.3% with percutaneous transluminal renal *** Extensive screening of HMOD in older patients may be questionable as nearly all patients had one;aetiology must however be explored as a third of older patients had a secondary form.

关键词： Extensive screening of HMOD in older patients may be questionable as nearly all patients had one aetiology must however be explored as a third of older patients had a secondary form

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You＇re Kidding

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2009年第9期 10-11页

作者： claire

你也许会问：kid不是“小孩”的意思吗？没错，不过在这里kid是动词，意思是“哄骗，嘲弄”。

关键词：小学英语阅读教学阅读材料

Do aphids actively search for ant partners？

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Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 283-288页

作者： Christophe Y. Fischer Maryse Vanderplanck Georges C. Lognay claire Detrain Francois J. Verheggen Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Research Institute of Biosciences Laboratory of Zoology University of Mons Mons Unit of Social Ecology Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

The aphid-ant mutnalistic relationships are not necessarily obligate for neither partners but evidence is that such interactions provide them strong advantages in terms of global fitness. While it is largely assumed that ants actively search for their mutualistic partners namely using volatile cues; whether winged aphids （i.e., aphids＇ most mobile form） are able to select ant-frequented areas had not been investigated so far. Ant-frequented sites would indeed offer several advantages for these aphids including a lower predation pressure through ant presence and enhanced chances of establishing mutuaslistic interactions with neighbor ant colonies. In the field, aphid colonies are often observed in higher densities around ant nests, which is probably linked to a better survival ensured by ants＇ services. Nevertheless, this could also result from a preferential establishment of winged aphids in ant-frequented areas. We tested this last hypothesis through different ethological assays and show that the facultative myrmecophilous black bean aphid, Aphisfabae L., does not orientate its search for a host plant preferentially toward ant-frequented plants. However, our results suggest that ants reduce the number of winged aphids leaving the newly colonized plant. Thus, ants involved in facultative myrmecophilous interactions with aphids appear to contribute to structure aphid populations in the field by ensuring a better establishment and survival of newly established colonies rather than by inducing a deliberate plant selection by aphid partners based on the proximity of ant colonies.

关键词： ant aphid Aphisfabae Lasius niger mutualism partner research

Rapid correction of hyperglycemia:A necessity but at what price?A brief report of a patient living with type 1 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第11期14卷 1710-1716页

作者： Priscille Huret Philippe Lopes Randa Dardari Alfred Penfornis claire Thomas Dured Dardari LBEPS University EvryIRBAUniversitéParis SaclayEvry 91000France Diabetology Al FourkanAleppo 90000Syria Diabetology Centre Hospitalier Sud FrancilienCorbeil Essonne 91100France

BACKGROUND The correction and control of chronic hyperglycemia are the management goals of patients living with *** hyperglycemia is the main factor inducing diabetes-related ***,in certain situations,the rapid and intense correction of chronic hyperglycemia can paradoxically favor the onset of microvascular *** SUMMARY In this case report,we describe the case of a 25-year-old woman living with type 1 diabetes since the age of 9 *** diabetes was chronic and unstable but without *** an unplanned pregnancy,her diabetes was intensely managed with the rapid correction of her ***,over the following 2 years,she developed numerous degenerative microvascular complications:Charcot neuroarthropathy with multiple joint involvement,severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy,gastroparesis,bladder voiding disorders,and end-stage renal failure requiring *** In the literature to date,the occurrence of multiple microvascular complications following the rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia has been rarely described in the same individual.

关键词： Unstable diabetes Chronic hyperglycemia Microvascular complication Type 1 diabetes Case report

Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment in a rat model of Huntington's disease and involvement of heme oxygenase-1

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 737-741页

作者： Laura Foucault-Fruchard claire Tronel Sylvie Bodard Zuhal Gulhan Julie Busson Sylvie Chalon Daniel Antier UMR 1253 iBrainUniversité de Tours CHRU de Tours H?pital Bretonneau

Neuroinflammation is a common element involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative *** recently reported that repeated alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor（α7 n ACh R） activations by a potent agonist such as PHA 543613 in quinolinic acid-injured rats exhibited protective effects on *** further investigate the underlying mechanism,we established rat models of early-stage Huntington＇s disease by injection of quinolinic acid into the right striatum and then intraperitoneally injected 12 mg/kg PHA 543613 or sterile water,twice a day during 4 *** blot assay results showed that the expression of heme oxygenase-1（HO-1）,the key component of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,in the right striatum of rat models of Huntington＇s disease subjected to intraperitoneal injection of PHA 543613 for 4 days was significantly increased compared to the control rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of sterile water,and that the increase in HO-1 expression was independent of change in α7 n ACh R *** findings suggest that HO-1 expression is unrelated to α7 n ACh R density and the increase in HO-1 expression likely contributes to α7 n ACh R activation-related neuroprotective effect in early-stage Huntington＇s disease.

关键词： alpha 7 nicotinic receptor PHA 543613 quinolinic acid cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway neuroinflammation neurodegenerative disease