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1666年伦敦大火后难民的安置与流动

世界历史评论 2024年第1期11卷 49-67,292页

作者：李腊安徽农业大学外国语学院安徽农业大学区域国别研究中心办公室

1666年伦敦大火的发生,深刻考验着伦敦乃至英国应对突发事件的能力。火灾后,成千上万的难民无家可归,社会秩序混乱,如何安顿这些难民显得尤为迫切。国家和市政一方面需要解决其住房和饮食问题;另一方面需要给予其心理抚慰和恢复公信力... 详细信息

1666年伦敦大火的发生,深刻考验着伦敦乃至英国应对突发事件的能力。火灾后,成千上万的难民无家可归,社会秩序混乱,如何安顿这些难民显得尤为迫切。国家和市政一方面需要解决其住房和饮食问题;另一方面需要给予其心理抚慰和恢复公信力。许多难民重新寻找定所,发生大规模流动。本文以商人泰勒和书商群体为例,勾勒这些群体的流动状况。难民们向伦敦郊区及周边地区的迁移,促成了伦敦人口的重新分配。由此可以窥探出这场大火灾对伦敦社会和经济的巨大影响。

关键词：伦敦大火难民安置火灾应对人口流动

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分裂与重塑:吐蕃王朝灭亡前后的历史进程

青海师范大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第3期46卷 11-17页

作者：叶拉太青海民族大学民族学与社会学学院青海西宁810007

据新发现资料显示,吐蕃赞普王朝灭亡时间当在贝科赞赞普被杀之后,灭亡之原因主要与此时平民暴动有关。从藏传佛教发展史来看,“前弘期”和“后弘期”只是一种相对的历史分期概念,佛教在卫藏销声匿迹,但在西部阿里、东部多康地区依然流... 详细信息

据新发现资料显示,吐蕃赞普王朝灭亡时间当在贝科赞赞普被杀之后,灭亡之原因主要与此时平民暴动有关。从藏传佛教发展史来看,“前弘期”和“后弘期”只是一种相对的历史分期概念,佛教在卫藏销声匿迹,但在西部阿里、东部多康地区依然流传延续,并未中断。其中,西部阿里作为吐蕃王朝正统世袭王朝赞普所居之地,有其特殊的历史地位和政治社会生态。由于吐蕃王朝兴盛时名门望族在此地传播佛法和处于边地的原因,阿里此时仍然处于一种佛光仍未熄灭、佛事仍未中断的非常时期,传佛活动以小规模、小范围形式继续进行。另外,据《拉喇嘛益西沃广传》所载几份敕令和法敕,基本能肯定他既是赞普,又是“喇嘛”,行使着双重身份的职权,从而出现了后吐蕃时期特殊的政治体制。因此,吐蕃王朝灭亡前后的历史进程是一种政治的分裂与宗教的重塑阶段,统一格局的分裂导致吐蕃王朝分崩离析,而佛教对政治、社会的重塑影响了政教结构,政教合一制度由此形成。

关键词：吐蕃王朝后吐蕃时期社会转型政教合一

Main outcomes from in situ thermo-hydro-mechanical experiments programme to demonstrate feasibility of radioactive high-level waste disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第3期9卷 33-45页

作者： G. Armand F. Bumbieler N. Conil R. de la Vaissière J.-M. Bosgiraud M.-N. Vu Meuse/Haute Marne Underground research laboratory Andra Bure 55290 France Andra Chatenay-Malabry 92298 France

In the context of radioactive waste disposal,an underground research laboratory(URL)is a facility in which experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing and operating a radioactive waste disposal facility within a geological *** Meuse/Haute-Marne URL is a sitespecific facility planned to study the feasibility of a radioactive waste disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)*** thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)behaviour of the host rock is significant for the design of the underground nuclear waste disposal facility and for its long-term *** French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency(Andra)has begun a research programme aiming to demonstrate the relevancy of the French high-level waste(HLW)*** paper presents the programme implemented from small-scale(small diameter)boreholes to full-scale demonstration experiments to study the THM effects of the thermal transient on the COx claystone and the strategy implemented in this new programme to demonstrate and optimise current disposal facility components for *** shows that the French high-level waste concept is feasible and working in the COx *** also exhibits that,as for other plastic clay or claystone,heating-induced pore pressure increases and that the THM behaviour is anisotropic.

关键词： In situ experiments claystone Thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM) behaviour research programme Radioactive high-level waste(HLW) disposal

How rock samples can be representative of in situ condition:A case study of Callovo-Oxfordian claystones

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第4期10卷 613-623页

作者： N.Conil J.Talandier H.Djizanne R.de la Vaissière C.Righini-Waz C.Auvray C.Morlot G.Armand Andra URL BureFrance Andra Chatenay-MalabryFrance Universitéde Lorraine Géoressources Vandoeuvre-les-NancyFrance

Within the framework of feasibility studies for a reversible, deep geological repository of high-and intermediate-level long-lived radioactive waste(HLW, IL-LLW), the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency(Andra) is investigating the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx) formation near Bure(northeast part of France) as a potential host rock for the repository. The hydro-mechanical(HM) behaviour is an important issue to design and optimise different components of the disposal such as shaft, ramp, drift,and waste package disposal facilities. Over the past 20 years, a large number of laboratory experiments have been carried out to characterise and understand the HM behaviours of COx claystones. At the beginning, samples came from deep boreholes drilled at the ground surface with oil base mud. From2000 onwards, with the launch of the construction of the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground research laboratory(MHM URL), most samples have been extracted from a large number of air drilled boreholes in the URL. In parallel, various constitutive models have been developed for modelling. The thermohydro-mechanical(THM) behaviours of the COx claystones were investigated under different repository conditions. Core samples are subjected to a complex HM loading path before testing, due to drilling, conditioning and preparation. Various kinds of effects on the characteristics of the claystones are highlighted and discussed, and the procedures for core extraction and packaging as well as a systematic sample preparation protocol are proposed in order to minimise the uncertainties on test results. The representativeness of the test results is also addressed with regard to the in situ rock mass.

关键词： Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone samples Physical properties In situ condition Saturation degree resaturation process Experimental protocol

Experiment/simulation correlation-based methodology for metallic ballistic protection solutions

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第11期29卷 24-38页

作者： Yohan Cosquer Patrice Longère Olivier Pantalé claude Gailhac DGA-Techniques Aéronautiques 31130BalmaFrance Institut Clement Ader Universite de ToulouseISAE-SUPAEROIMT Mines AlbiUPSINSACNRS3RueCarolineAigle31400ToulouseFrance laboratoire Genie de Production INP/ENITUniversitéde Toulouse47Avenued’AzereixF-65016TarbesFrance CNIM Systemes Industriels 83500 La Seyne-sur-MerFrance

A methodology is developed based on the coupling of a finite element code with an optimisation module for the design of land vehicle armouring composed of lightweight aluminium alloy and high strength steel *** an experiment/simulation correlation,a numerical model has been built and calibrated considering monolithic plates and then verified considering a bi-metal protection against tungsten carbide projectile mimicking the core of a 7.62×51 AP8 *** addition,a method is proposed to obtain the v_(res)-v_(i) curve for the full 7.62×51 AP8 bullet from the v_(res)-v_(i) curve obtained from the core only.

关键词： Impact Terminal ballistics Ballistic limit MARS380 Aluminium alloy 7.62×51 AP8

Digestive Surgical Emergencies at the “Mother Child”Hospital Center Luxembourg in Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第5期15卷 299-310页

作者： Cheickna Tounkara Amara Coulibaly Yaya Ongoiba Aboubakrine Sylla Abdoul Karim Simaga Bréhima B. Coulibaly Aminata Dabo Souleymane Dembele Samake Hamidou Sidiki Keita Sékou Bréhima Koumare Soumaïla Keita Bakary Tientigui Dembele Zimogo Zié Sanogo Djibril Sangare Department of General Surgery and Anesthesia-resuscitation of the “ Mother Child&#8221 Hospital Center Luxembourg Bamako Mali Social Health Service of the Armed Forces of Mali Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery “ A&#8221 and Cardiovascular of Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery of CHU Gabriel TOUre Bamako Mali

Digestive surgical emergencies concern all patients admitted urgently, for whom a decision for surgical intervention may be necessary within 24 hours. They are on guard duty day and night. To carry out this work, we set ourselves the objectives of: 1) Studying digestive surgical emergencies in the general surgery department of the “Mother Child” Le Luxembourg hospital in Bamako, Mali;2) Determine the frequency of digestive surgical emergencies, 3) Describe the clinical and therapeutic aspects, and 4) Analyze the results of treatment. From November 1, 2022 to October 31, 2023, the general surgery department of the “Mother Child” Luxembourg Hospital Center in Bamako, Mali, carried out 139 digestive surgical emergencies whose files were usable;75 men and 64 women, a sex ratio of 1.2. The 20 - 40 years old age group was the most represented, at 40.29%. The average age was 39 years;the extremes 16 years and 93 years with a standard deviation of 21.65 years. The reference concerned 51.08% of our patients. Abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation (100% of cases). In the majority of cases, the physical examination made it possible to make the diagnosis. Faced with certain clinical cases, we requested ultrasound (109/139), ASP (46/139) and CT (15/139). The main etiology was acute appendicitis with 42.45% of cases. The frequency of digestive surgical emergencies was 10.71% of all activities in the general surgery department of the “Mère Enfant” Le Luxembourg hospital center in Bamako. All our patients were seen in consultation by an anesthesiologist before entering the operating room. The surgical consequences were complicated in 11.51% of cases with 7.91% deaths. Surgical site infections accounted for 12.5% of postoperative complications. Eleven deaths were noted, representing 68.75% of complications and 7.91% of our sample. Acute peritonitis was the cause of death in 100% of cases. The average cost of care was 329,000 FCFA.

关键词： Emergency Digestive Surgery Post-Operative Complication

Physical exercise in locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: "If I walk, I live. Although one can die of cancer, now I am living"

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第12期4卷 41-48页

作者： Giovanni Lo re Silvia Magnaldi Paolo Doretto Roberto Innocente Francesco Lo re Medical Oncology and Immune-related tumors CRO IRCCSAviano 33081Italy Radiology AAS5 PordenonesePordenone 33170Italy Clinical pathology AAS5 PordenonesePordenone 33170Italy Radiotherapy Centro di Riferimento Oncologico(CRO)Aviano 33081Italy Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology Study UniversityMilan 20129Italy

The most widely used chemotherapeutic combinations in locally advanced (la) or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)areNab-Paclitaxel-Gemcitabine(Nab-PCT-GEM)andFluorouracil,Folinicacid,Oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRINOX). Chemo-resistance, typical of PDAC, appears to be due to the negative influence of stroma population cells, namely regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages with inhibitory effects on the antitumor activity of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and resistance to cancer treatment. Among other factors that may influence immune surveillance, constant physical activity appears to reduce the risk of cancer-related mortality and cardiovascular risk. However, this does not seem to increase the survival of patients with PDAC. The exception is our young inoperable patient. For la head PDAC, he was treated with seven cycles of Nab-PCT-GEM and RT 50 Gy/15 fractions combined to biweekly GEM and salvage FOLFIRINOX. The five-year surviving patient travelled 15,000 km on foot and continues inexorably his "walking therapy".

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma depression physical activity Nab-paclitaxel fluorouracil regulatory T cells myeloid-derived suppressor cells

纳洛酮联合促红细胞生成素注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的效果观察

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中国现代应用药学 2019年第9期36卷 1115-1120页

作者：拉热吴巧艳青海红十字医院新生儿科西宁810000

目的探讨纳洛酮联合促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)的临床效果。方法选取2014年9月～2017年9月青海红十字医院新生儿科门诊收治的216例HIE患儿作为研究对象,... 详细信息

目的探讨纳洛酮联合促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)的临床效果。方法选取2014年9月～2017年9月青海红十字医院新生儿科门诊收治的216例HIE患儿作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各108例。观察组采用纳洛酮联合EPO注射液治疗,对照组采用纳洛酮治疗。比较2组患儿临床疗效、临床症状改善时间、贝利婴幼儿发展量表评分、Gesell量表评分、血细胞计数、血清神经功能指标、血清细胞因子及后遗症发生情况。结果观察组总有效率(95.4%)显著高于对照组(85.2%)(Plassessment,NBNA)评分无统计学差异,观察组患儿治疗后2周NBNA评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患儿3月龄、6月龄神经发育指数和心理运动发育指数评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组Gesell量表大运动能区、精细运动能区、语言能区、个人社区能区、社会适应能区发育商分值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组血红蛋白、网织红细胞计数、血小板计数水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶、髓鞘碱性蛋白、S100钙结合蛋白水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组血清tau、内源性激活素A、TNF-α水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患儿后遗症发生率无统计学差异。结论纳洛酮联合EPO注射液治疗HIE的疗效显著,可有效改善患儿的神经系统功能,减少后遗症的发生率。

关键词：纳洛酮促红细胞生成素新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病神经功能

Do large brains of long-living mammals prefer non-newly generated,immature neurons？

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Neural regeneration research 2018年第4期13卷 633-634页

作者： Ottavia Palazzo Chiara la Rosa Matteo Piumatti Luca Bonfanti Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi(NICO) OrbassanoItaly institute of zoology-neurogenetics universitat regensburgGermany department of veterinary sciences university of turinGrugliasco(TO)Italy universitélibre de bruxelles(ulb) institute for interdisciplinary research in human biology(iribhm)BrusselsBelgium

Brain plasticity is heterogeneous in mammals：Brain regeneration and repair are the dream of every neurobiologist as well as every common citizen in the world who knows that most neurological diseases,dementia and other age-related problems affecting the central nervous system（CNS）do represent a heavy health and social *** re-generative processes are not＂ a natural property of the mammalian CNS, rather, due to evolutionary constraints they seem substantially reduced （if compared to those occurring in non-mammalian vertebrates） and hardly inducible by therapeutic approaches （reviewed in Martino et al., 2011）.

关键词： PSA Figure DCX Do large brains of long-living mammals prefer non-newly generated,immature neurons