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Dose Optimization in Computer Tomography Pediatric Cranial Scans

Open Journal of Radiology 2019年第4期9卷 181-193页

作者： clémence alla takam Odette Samba Aurelle Tchagna Kouanou Daniel Tchiotsop Eddy Fotso Kamdem Emilienne Guegang Emmanuel Fongang Unité de Recherche de Matière Condensée d’Electronique et de Traitement du Signal (URMACETS) Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Service de Radiothérapie Hôpital Général de Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroo Department of Research Development Innovation and Training InchTech’s Yaoundé Cameroon Unité de Recherche d’Automatique et d’Informatique Appliquée (URAIA) IUT-FV de Bandjoun Université de Dschang Dschang Cameroon Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale Hôpital Général de Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

Background and Objective: Nowadays, Computer Tomography is one of the best radiological imaging technics which can give right diagnostic information, among the detection of multiphasic adenomas, the detection of cardiac, cerebral and vascular abnormalities. Although these good qualities, this technic is too radiant for the patient. In this paper, we based on the irradiation doses delivered from the current protocols to find a practical method of their optimization during the pediatric cranial scan. Materials and Methods: This work relies on a collection of data from patients in the hospitals, so that analyze them, give the conclusions and, propose an optimal practical method to decrease the irradiation doses. To collect data, we performed a prospective study of seventeen months (from December 2017 to May 2019) carried out simultaneously in three hospitals of the city: The Centre Medical la Cathédrale (H1), the Yaoundé Central Hospital (H2) and the Yaoundé Gyneaco-Obstetric and pediatric hospital (H3). This study included a total of 192 cases of cerebral trauma, of which 11 cases excluded for incomplete information. The dosimetry quality control (CTDIvol) using the PMMA phantoms of 16 cm and 32 cm fulfilled. The scanographic parameters of the patient acquisition protocol were recorded and analyzed. Some of those parameters were modified and entered the CT with the help of a biomedical engineer to reduce the delivered dose. The relationship between CTDIvol and kV is statistically significant (p Results: Among patients, 172 are boys, and the remaining 9 are girls all were in the 0 to 15 age group. CTDIvol values varied from 34.2 mGy to 107.8 mGy and PDLs from 107.8 *** to 2214.5 *** in H1. In H2, CTDIvol varied from 5.8 mGy to 44 mGy and PDLs from 91.4 *** to 665.5 ***. CTDIvol varied between 9.34 mGy to 92.81 mGy and PDLs from 162.38 *** to 2713.67 *** in H3. All values are taken at 75th percentile, with or without contrast injection. Conclusion: The

关键词： Computed Tomography Dose Optimization Pediatric Cranial Scans Protocol

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Normal Range of Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio in Healthy, Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4 - 5 and Hemodialysis Participant in a Sub-Saharan African Context

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 104-114页

作者： Fouda Menye Epse Ebana Hermine Danielle Elimby Lionel Thierry Sevele Deussi De Ngaha Bogne takam Yvan Halle Marie-Patrice Eveline Ngouadjeu Dongho Department of Medicine and Specialties General Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutic Sciences of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Neutrophile to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a well-established marker of inflammation. It has been reported to be high in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is described as a prognosis factor in hemodialysis patients. However, limited data are available about the normal range of NLR in healthy adults as well as CKD patients including hemodialysis black Africans in Sub-Saharan countries. We sought to study NLR in healthy and advanced CKD in a single Cameroonian health facility. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from blood donors, CKD stage 4 and non-dialysis stage 5, and hemodialysis patients for more than 6 months. Patients with confounding factors such as positive CRP, infection, and recent use of steroids were excluded. RNL means standard deviations (SDs), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined. RNL range was defined as percentiles P2.5 to P97.5. Results: A total of 102 participants were included. Mean age was 40.45 ± 9.97 years and 58.8% were male. Age and sex distribution were similar in the three groups. Leucopenia and neutropenia were common in all the groups. Means NLR was 1.29 ± 0.57 (95% CI 1.08 - 1.49) range between 0.55 to 2.67;2.31 ± 1.3 (95% CI 1.75 - 2.88) with range between 0.69 to 4.31 and 2.14 ± 0.98 (95% CI 1.85 - 2.44) with range between 0.77 to 4.32 respectively in controls, CKD, and hemodialysis participants. NLR was comparable in CKD and hemodialysis patients (p = 0.99). Compared to controls, NLR was significantly elevated in CKD (p = 0.043) and hemodialysis patients (p Conclusion: Our data suggest that the normal range for NLR in adult nongeriatric healthy and advanced CKD patients including those on chronic hemodialysis may vary between 0.55 to 2.67 and 0.69 to 4.32 respectively.

关键词： NLR CKD Hemodialysis Cameroon

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Methyl-CpG-Binding protein 2 duplication syndrome in a Chinese patient:A case report and review of the literature

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第27期11卷 6505-6514页

作者： Xu-Hang Xing Russel takam Xiu-Ying Bao Nour Abdallah Ba-alwi Hong Ji Department of Pediatrics The First Part of The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011Liaoning ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Chromosomal Xq28 region duplication encompassing methyl-CpG-binding protein 2(MECP2)results in an identifiable phenotype and global developmental delay known as MECP2 duplication syndrome(MDS).This syndrome has a wide range of clinical manifestations,including abnormalities in appearance,neurodevelopment,and gastrointestinal motility;recurrent infections;and ***,we report a case of confirmed MDS at our *** SUMMARY A 12-year-old Chinese boy presented with intellectual disability(poor intellectual[reasoning,judgment,abstract thinking,and learning]and adaptive[lack of communication and absent social skills,apraxia,and ataxia]functioning)and *** had no history of recurrent infections,seizures,or bowel dysfunction,which is different from that in reported *** comparative genomic hybridization confirmed MECP2 duplication in the patient and his mother who is a *** duplication size was the same in the patient and his *** prophylactic antibiotic or anti-seizure therapy was offered to the patient or his mother before or after the *** MDS is rare and has various clinical *** suspicion is critical in patients presenting with developmental delays.

关键词： Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 Neurodevelopmental Delay Xq28 duplication Array comparative genomic hybridization Case report

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Nonlinear resonances phenomena in a modified Josephson junction model

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第12期29卷 162-173页

作者： Pernel Nguenang Sandrine takam Mabekou Patrick Louodop Arthur Tsamouo Tsokeng Martin Tchoffo Research Unit Condensed Matter Electronics and Signal ProcessingThe University of DschangP.O.Box 67 DschangCameroon Unitède Recherche de Mècanique et de Modèlisation des Systemes Physiques(UR-2MSP) Facultèdes SciencesUniversitède DschangBP 69 DschangCameroun Sao Paulo State University(UNESP) Instituto de Fìsica TeóricaRua Dr.BentoTeobaldo Ferraz 271Bloco IIBarra Funda01140-070 Sao PauloBrazil

In this paper,the equivalent circuit of the non-autonomous Josephson junction(JJ)is presented and the effect of the proper frequency on the phaseφis *** also study nonlinear resonance phenomena in the oscillations of a modified Josephson junction(MJJ).These oscillations are probed through a system of nonlinear differential equations and the multiple time scale method is employed to investigate all different types of resonance that *** results of primary,superharmonic and subharmonic resonances are obtained *** show that the system exhibits hardening and softening behaviors,as well as hysteresis and amplitude hopping phenomena in primary and superharmonic resonances,and only the hysteresis phenomenon in subharmonic *** addition,the stabilities and the steady state solutions in each type of resonances are kindly *** number of equilibrium points that evolve with time and their stabilities are also ***,the equations of motion are numerically integrated to check the correctness of analytical *** further show that the dynamics of the MJJ is strongly influenced by its parameters.

关键词： nonlinear resonances hysteresis and jump phenomena modified Josephson junction

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Developmental pathways associated with cancer metastasis:Notch,Wnt,and Hedgehog

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第2期14卷 109-120页

作者： Armel Herve Nwabo Kamdje Paul takam Kamga Richard Tagne Simo Lorella Vecchio Paul Faustin Seke Etet Jean Marc Muller Giulio Bassi Erique Lukong Raghuveera Kumar Goel Jeremie Mbo Amvene Mauro Krampera Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Ngaoundere Laboratory University of Verona Department of Basic Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesQassim University Faculty of Science University of Poitiers Department of Biochemistry College of MedicineUniversity of Saskatchewan

Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death,motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many solid tumors, where they drive or contribute to cancer initiation, but also in primary and metastatic tumor development. The reactivation of developmental pathways in cancer stroma favors the development of cancer stem cells and allows their maintenance, indicating these signaling pathways as particularly attractive targets for efficient anticancer therapies, especially in advanced primary tumors and metastatic cancers. Metastasis is the worst feature of cancer development. This feature results from a cascade of events emerging from the hijacking of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion by transforming cells and is associated with poor survival, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. In the present review, we summarize and discuss experimental data suggesting pivotal roles for developmental pathways in cancer development and metastasis, considering the therapeutic potential. Emerging targeted antimetastatic therapies based on Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways are also discussed.

关键词： Cancer metastasis developmental pathways Notch Wnt Hedgehog therapeutic targets

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Origin and intraplate tectonic setting of mafic magmatic enclaves from the Ngaoundal area,Adamawa-Cameroon:Insights from petrography and geochemistry

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China Geology 2022年第4期5卷 579-594页

作者： Aliou Mamouda Sylvestre Ganno Guy Tchoupe takam Bertin Arnold Mbita Motto Steven Hermann Donald Fossi Jean Paul Nzenti Joseph Mvondo Ondoa Department of Earth Sciences University of YaoundéIYaoundéCameroon Institute for Geological and Mining Research(IRGM) YaoundéCameroon

In this contribution,detailed field descriptions together with petrographic and bulk-rock major,trace and rare earth elements(REE)data are used to constrain the origin and geodynamic setting of the mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs)recently discovered within the Pan-African Ngaoundal pluton,Adamawa area,central *** investigated MMEs are dark-colored with chilled margins,and display medium to coarse-grain igneous *** mineral assemblage is either dominated by K-feldspar and carbonate(group Ⅰ),or by amphibole and plagioclase(group Ⅱ),though the overall mineral phases made of amphibole,plagioclase,K-feldspar,and biotite are similar to that of their host syenite but in different *** MMEs in Ngaoundal area are foid-gabbro in composition with SiO_(2) contents ranging between 41.52% and 43.74% and are contiguous with their host granitoids of intermediate composition(SiO_(2)=57.52% to 58.98%).The host granitoid rocks are metaluminous,and belong to the shoshonitic *** and geochemical data have revealed that the Ngaoundal MMEs derived from rapid cooling of hot injected lithospheric mantle-derived magma within cooler host granitoids magma and were emplaced in the intraplate geodynamic setting.

关键词： Mafic magmatic enclaves(MMEs) Granitoids Lithospheric mantle REE Intraplate Adamawa-Cameroon

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Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb ages of the Paleoproterozoic ultramafic rocks of the Mbi Valley, Boali area, Central African Republic

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第3期41卷 515-535页

作者： Evine Laure Njiosseu Tanko Prince Emilien Danguene Philomene Nga Essomba Tsoungui Sylvestre Ganno Jonas Didero Takodjou Wambo Bertin Guy takam Tchoupe Gus Djibril Kouankap Nono Timoleon Ngnotue Boniface Kankeu Jean Biandja Jean Paul Nzenti Department of Earth Sciences University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of BanguiP.O.Box 908BanguiCentral African Republic Department of Mining Engineering and Mineral Processing School of Mines and Petroleum IndustriesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 08Kaélé-MarouaCameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812YaoundéCameroon Department of Geology HTTCUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box 39BambiliBamendaCameroon Institute for Geological and Mining Researches(IGMR) P.O.Box 4110YaoundéCameroon

This paper investigates the geochemistry of bulk rock and infers the petrogenesis of ultramafic rocks in the Boali Precambrian terrane in Mbi Valley,in the North of the Central African Republic(CAR).The studied rocks comprise coarse primary olivine and orthopyroxene relics(dominant phase),magnesio-hornblende,magnetite,and ***-rock analysis indicates low SiO_(2)(average of 43.14 wt%)and high MgO(19.84–26.98 wt%)contents and their Mg number(Mg#)ranges from 74 to ***(526–865 ppm),Cr(1500–3680 ppm)***(Na_(2)O-K_(2)O)-FeO-MgO)and ACM(Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-MgO)ternary diagrams have revealed that the studied samples correspond to arc-related ultramafic ***-normalized REE plots display an increasing trend from La to Sm(CeN/SmN:0.74–1.81),weak negative to no Eu(Eu/Eu*=0.72–1.05)and strong negative Ce(Ce/Ce*=0.33–0.98)*** mantle normalized of multi-element diagrams exhibit LREE enrichment and large ion lithophile elements(LILE)relative to high field strength elements(HFSE),and notable negative anomalies in *** suggests the generation of the parent melt by slab dehydration and wedge melting *** addition,incompatible trace element composition and ratios assumed that the source magma had an enhanced mantle source associated with a prominent influence of continental *** of mantle wedge by plate-dehydrated,LILE-rich fluids and the incorporation of sediments derived from subduction explain the enhancement of the *** major and trace element compositions jointly with the tectonic reconstruction of this region and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb data on zircon constrain the emplacement age at ca.2099 Ma in a continental margin arc setting involving subduction of an oceanic plate beneath the continental lithosphere,dehydration of the slab and mantle wedge *** result intimate that the remnants of Paleoproterozoic oceanic crust or subduction event and subsequent basins closure extended from

关键词： Atlantic supercontinent Central African Republic Ultramafic cumulate LILE-enriched fluids Arc setting

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Mesenchymal stromal cells' role in tumor microenvironment:involvement of signaling pathways

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第2期14卷 129-141页

Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. These cells are commonly found at injury sites and in tumors that are known to behave like "wounds that do not heal." In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of MSCs in migrating, homing, and repairing injured tissues. We also review a number of reports showing that tumor microenvironment triggers plasticity mechanisms in MSCs to induce malignant neoplastic tissue formation, maintenance, and chemoresistance, as well as tumor growth. The antitumor properties and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also discussed.

关键词： Mesenchymal stromal cells systemic circulation migration homing tumor modulation signaling pathways chemoresistance

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Sustainable Development around Small Scale Mining Areas by the Development of Micro Hydro Power: Application Cases in Cameroon

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2020年第3期8卷 36-48页

作者： Fanyep Nana Antoine Gubong takam Charles Bertrand Kengne Signe Elie Bertrand claudio J. C. Blanco Laboratory of Energy Research in Institute for Geological and Mining Research Yaoundé Cameroon National Advanced School of Engineering University of Yaoundé1 Yaoundé Cameroon College of Sanitary Environmental Engineering FAESA/ITEC/UFPA Belémx Brasil

Of all the precious metals buried in the Cameroonian subsoil, gold is certainly the longest exploited. It has longtime been the subject of artisanal exploitation. In 2014, the monthly national production was estimated at around 170 kg. In these mining areas, people still live in a screaming precariousness of which one of the main causes is often the lack of electricity, because of the distance of these localities to the national electricity network. Cameroon has a great hydroelectric potential, but the access rate to electricity is still very low in isolate or rural areas of this country. The objective of this work is to show that it is possible to efficiently exploit gold in isolated areas and contribute to the sustainable development of these localities through the development of micro hydro power (MHP). The mining community of Tikondi in the East Region of Cameroon is the practical case study for an illustration. The results of this study show that the development of the MHP project can be developed with installed power of 87 kW, where the Banki-Michell turbine is recommended according to the Sulzer-Escher Wyss diagram. The investment cost evaluated at 79,832,775 FCFA (1 Euro = 656 FCFA). It is a profitable project with a maximum payback period of 8 years. This project can be easily funded by gold mining activity. That Tikondi’s MHP can make this village becoming attractive for others activities, improving the quality of education of children (there is not any school and lots of them do not go to school), the building of health centers and the quality of life in that locality and therefore contribute to their sustainable development too.

关键词： Micro Hydro Power Mining Areas Sustainable Development

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高炉高喷煤比技术

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国外钢铁 1996年第1期21卷 7-13页

作者： takam.,Y 陈宝辉

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