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发达国家和发展中国家的霍乱流行病学:关于传播、季节性和控制的一些新观点

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国外医学.流行病学传染病学分册 1985年第4期12卷 153-156页

作者： miller cj 陆义群

100年前,Koch 对霍乱进行了开创性的研究工作,但至今霍乱仍使许多流行病学家感到迷惑不解,许多国家甚至反对采取一些控制措施。作者就霍乱流行病学提出了一种新的模式,此模式符合现代知识,并能在研究工作中得到证实。地方性霍乱的维持... 详细信息

100年前,Koch 对霍乱进行了开创性的研究工作,但至今霍乱仍使许多流行病学家感到迷惑不解,许多国家甚至反对采取一些控制措施。作者就霍乱流行病学提出了一种新的模式,此模式符合现代知识,并能在研究工作中得到证实。地方性霍乱的维持与流行性霍乱不同,要对地方性霍乱下个确切的定义是困难的。霍乱可在一个区域内流行,在此区域内病例经常发生,但未必连续发生,每次发病时,没有输入的证据,

关键词：霍乱地方性孟加拉国二号病南亚季节性继发性流行病学不发达国家

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第1期10卷 37-41页

作者： Jane cj Chao School of Nutrition and Health Sciences Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 110TaiwanChina

AIM: To study the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)containing 22-27% flavonoids (ginkgo-flavone glycosides) and 5-7% terpenoids (ginkgolides and bilobalides) on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS: Human HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B) were incubated with various concentrations (0-1 000 mg/L) of EGb 761 solution. After 24 h incubation, cell proliferation andcytotoxicity were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, respectively. After 48 h incubation, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 protein was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: The results showed that EGb 761 (50-1 000 mg/L)significantly suppressed cell proliferation and increased LDH release (P<0.05) in HepG2 and Hep3B cells compared with the control group. The cell proliferation of HepG2 and Hep3B cells treated with EGb 761 (1 000 mg/L) was 45% and 39% of the control group (P<0.05), respectively. LDH release of HepG2 cells without and with EGb 761 (1 000 mg/L) treatment was 6.7% and 37.7%, respectively, and that of Hep3B cells without and with EGb 761 (1 000 rag/L) treatment was 7.2% and 40.3%, respectively. The expression of PCNA and p53 protein in HepG2 cells treated with EGb 761 (1 000 mg/L) was 85% and 174% of the control group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ginkgo bilobaextract significantly can suppress proliferation and increase cytotoxicity in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Additionally, Ginkgo biloba extract can decrease PCNA and increase p53 expression in HepG2 cells.

关键词：银杏提取物细胞增殖细胞毒性肝细胞癌增殖细胞核抗原 p53蛋白药理作用

The IUGS Commission on Geological Sciences for Environmental Planning （COGEOENVIRONMENT） completes its term

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Episodes 2005年第1期28卷 64-65页

作者： Simpson, cj COGEOENVIRONM Chair 2000 2004 Torrens ACT 2607 Australia

During the last 2 years the IUGS has reviewed its Organisation and Operations to allow more efficient and effective administration into the future. Among the items reviewed was the life of Commissions which have now been defined at a maximum of 8 years. As a consequence COGEOENVIRONMENT, which has been in existence since early 1990, was formally closed down at the IGC in Florence in August 2004. The decision by the IUGS Council to close COGEOENVIRONMENT did not in any way imply that the role of the IUGS in promoting geoscience in environment matters was completed.

关键词：地质学环境规划 IUGS 工作思路发展目标

Characteristics of major minerals in volcanic ash in ice core from Collins ice cap, King George Island, Antarctic

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第10期42卷 845-850页

作者： Zhang, WH Liu, JQ Wang, cj Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Laboratory Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

COLLINS ice cap is located in King George Island south of Shetland Islands,*** icecap is exposed over an area of about 1 300 km^2,amounting to 90% of the *** na-tional scientific expeditions to the Antarctic studied and investigated Collins ice cap systemati-cally from May to October 1992 when they drilled six ice cores in Low ice *** ex-trusion in ice core from Collins ice cap suggested by Dia et *** favourable for

关键词： mineral volcanic ash ice core Collins ice cap Antarctic.

Increasing doses of diminazene aceturate:adverse reproductive effects in female Wistar rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第11期3卷 887-889页

作者： Oguejiofor CF Ochiogu IS Umeoduagu cj Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Nigeria NsukkaNigeria

Objective:To investigate the effects of comparatively high doses of diminazene aceturate on the reproductive performance of female rats in the early stage of ***:After oestrus synchronisation and successful mating,20 pregnant female rats were randomly divided into four groups(A-D).Group A rats served as the control and were given single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL sterile water(vehicle only) while groups B.C and D rats were given single intraperitoneal doses of 7,14 and 21 mg/kg body weight diminazene aceturate respectively,on day 7 of *** gestation length,litter size and weight at birth,and areas of foetal resorption in the uterus were determined post *** post-implantation survival index(%) and the gestation index(group%) were also evaluated for rats in all the ***:There was a graded increase in the number of observed resorbed foetuses as the dose of diminazene aceturate was increased,although only groups C(14 mg/kg) and D(21 mg/kg) revealed a significant decrease(P<0.01,ANOVA) in the post implantation survival index of rat *** was also a significant decrease(P<0.05) in the litter weights of rats in groups C and ***: Although the pregnant rats showed no overt signs of systemic toxicity even at the highest dose of 21 mg/kg body weight diminazene aceturate in this study,it was concluded that the use of high doses of diminazene aceturate in an effort to combat resistant trypanosomes could have adverse reproductive effects on female animals in the early period of pregnancy.

关键词： Diminazene aceturate Fetal résorption Reproduction Gestation Litter Rat

Chemistry　and　Pharmacological　Activity　of　Peptidoglycan　from　Lycium　Barbaruml

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1996年第11期7卷 1009-1010页

作者： Zhao, cj He, YQ Li, RZ Cui, GH BEIJING MED UNIV DEPT TRADIT CHINESE MEDBEIJING 100083PEOPLES R CHINA

Two homogeneous new peptidoglycans were obtained from Lycium barbarum L. Theywere found to be effective ingredients capable of resining lipid peroxidation. The componentsand linkages of the two homogeneous polysaccharides were studied by means of complete acidhydrolysis, periodate oxidation. Smith degradation enzyme hydrolysis, IR, GC and aminoacid analysis. Homogeneous polysaccharide LBPC2 was found to be a β(1→4)(1→6) peptidoglycanwith MW of 1.2×104, composed of Xyl, Rha. Man in a molar ratio of8.8:2.3;1, LBPC4 was foundto be a a(1→4)(1→6) peptidoglycan with MW of 1.0×104, composed of glucans.

关键词： Activity Pharmacological Peptidoglycan Lycium Barbaruml

Need for improving quality of operating structures and processes for better ARV adherence for patients with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania and other African countries:an experience from Tanzania

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第4期2卷 67-74页

作者： Irunde H Nsimba SED Comoro cj Tanzania Food and Drug Authority(TFDA) P.O.Box 77150Dares SalaamTanzania Muhimbili University of Health & Allied Sciences(MUHAS) Department of Clinical PharmacologyP.O.Box 65010Dares-SalaamTanzania Department of Sociology & Social Sciences University of Dares-SalaamP.O Box 35091Dares-Salaam Tanzania

Objective:The study was carried out in order to determine the following objectives:(1) To determine the proportion of patients who state achieving or not achieving optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART) in selected Care and Treatment Sites in Arusha and Dares Salaam regions in Tanzania.(2) To identify factors such as structural,cultural or disease related contributing to sub-optimal adherence to antiretroviral(ARVs). (3) To assess quality of operating structures and processes for provision of antiretroviral(ARVs) in the selected healthcare facilities.(4) To document suggestions and proposals for improving ART adherence among ARV ***:Data from 7 studied facilities(3 public and 4 private/or faith based) includes 207 interviews from ARV users,28 staff interview staff,26 observations during consultations,8 focus group discussions,10 key informant interviews,and stock checks in 6 *** study design was a cross-sectional using both qualitative and quantitative data collection *** data were collected by using an adherence tool check list,while qualitative data were obtained using a consultation observation checklist,semi-structured interviews,focus group discussions(FGDs) and key informant ***:There were slight variations in the quality of operating structures and processes in the two studied *** results indicate that ARV adherence in Arusha region was comparatively similar to that of Dares *** composite adherence for one month in seven facilities was 90%and only 21%of ARV users achieved optimal adherence. Conclusion:The overall mean composite adherence rate of 90%in the two areas surveyed is encouraging. More efforts to improve the quality and processes of operating structures in our study facilities and others in Tanzania are heeded to ensure optimal adherence among the larger group(79%) of ARV users who are currently taking less than the critical 95%of their medications.

关键词： Antiretrovirals(ARVs) HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral therapy(ART) Adherence Tanzania

Complement activation by phospholipids: the interplay of factor H and C1q

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Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 1033-1049页

作者： Lee Aun Tan Bingbin Yu Francis cj Sim Uday Kishore Robert B Sim MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RdOxford OX13QUUK Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK Centre for Infection Immunity and Disease MechanismsBiosciencesSchool of Health Sciences and Social CareBrunel UniversityUxbridge UB83PH West LondonUK Present address Department of Immunology Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondon W120NNUK Present address School of Life Sciences and Engineering Biology BuildingTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Complement proteins in blood recognize charged *** anionic phospholipid(aPL)cardiolipin binds both complement proteins C1q and factor H.C1q is an activator of the complement classical pathway,while factor H is an inhibitor of the alternative *** examine opposing effects of C1q and factor H on complement activation by aPL,we surveyed C1q and factor H binding,and complement activation by aPL,either coated on microtitre plates or in *** C1q and factor H bound to all aPL tested,and competed directly with each other for *** the aPL activated the complement classical pathway,but negligibly the alternative pathway,consistent with accepted roles of C1q and factor ***,in this system,factor H,by competing directly with C1q for binding to aPL,acts as a direct regulator of the complement classical *** regulatory mechanism is distinct from its action on the alternative *** of classical pathway activation by factor H was confirmed by measuring C4 activation by aPL in human sera in which the C1q:factor H molar ratio was adjusted over a wide *** factor H,which is regarded as a down-regulator only of the alternative pathway,has a distinct role in downregulating activation of the classical complement pathway by aPL.A factor H homologue,β2-glycoprotein-1,also strongly inhibits C1q binding to *** globular domains of C1q A,B and C chains bound aPL similarly to native C1q,confirming that C1q binds aPL via its globular heads.

关键词： complement regulation classical pathway C1q factor H anionic phospholipid

Endodontic bacteria from primary and persistent endodontic lesions in Chinese patients as identified by cloning and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第4期126卷 634-639页

作者： LI Xin ZHU Xiao-fei ZHANG Cheng-fei Peter Cathro cj Seneviratne SHEN Song Faculty of Dentistry Peking University Third Hospital Beijing 100191 China Department of Special Department of Operative and Endodontic School and Hospital of Stomatology Peking University Beijing 100081 China Comprehensive Dental Care Oral Biosciences Faculty of Dentistry the University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry University of Adelaide Australia

Background Few literatures pertain to the 16S ribosomal DNA （16S rDNA） analysis of bacteria contributing to primary and persistent endodontic lesions, with no information available for the Chinese population. As such, we investigated endodontic bacteria associated with primary and persistent endodontic lesions in adult Chinese patients living in Beijing, China using 16S rDNA gene sequencing techniques. Methods Endodontic microbial samples were obtained from fourteen adult Chinese patients and subjected to DNA extraction. Pllymerase chain reaction （PCR） products were cloned and 100 clones from each generated library were randomly selected. Purified plasmid DNA with 16S rDNA gene inserts was sequenced, and the sequences were searched against GenBank databases using the BLASTN algorithm. Only significant identification with the highest-scored BLAST result and 99% minimum similarity was considered for phylotyping. Results More than 150 taxa were obtained. Primary endodontic infection was mainly associated with Burkholderia cepacia, Actinomyces, Aranicola spp. and Streptococcus sanguinis, whilst Burkholderia cepacia was predominant in the persistent endodontic infections. Conclusion There is a difference in the species profile associated with endodontic infections of Chinese patients living in Beijing in comparison to other geographical or ethnic reports.

关键词： 16S ribosomal DNA endodontic bacteria persistent infections primary infections