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Optimization of Diesel and Crude Oil Degradation in a Ghanaian Soil Using Organic Wastes as Amendment

Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Adama Sawadogo Innocent Yao Dotse Lawson hama cissé Cheikna Zongo Aly Savadogo Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Soil Science Department School of Agriculture University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons poses numerous environmental, health and agricultural problems. The degradation of these pollutants can occur naturally but very slowly. It is therefore generally necessary to stimulate this degradation by different means. Thus, this study aimed to improve the bio-degradation of diesel and crude oil in a Ghanaian soil by biostimulation. For this, the sampled soil was characterized by standard methods and contaminated with diesel and crude oil at a proportion of 1% (w/w). Then, contaminated soil samples were supplemented with biochar-compost, poultry manure or cow dung at the proportion of 10% (w/w). Periodically, fractions of these samples were taken to evaluate the density of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and the residual quantities of diesel or crude oil. The characteristics of the soil used show the need for supplementation for better degradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the study show that supplementing the soil with organic substrates increases HUB loads in soils contaminated by diesel and crude oil. They also show that the residual quantities of diesel and crude oil are generally significantly lower in supplemented soils (p = 0.048 and p < 0.0001 respectively). In addition, the study shows that degradation was generally greater in soils contaminated by diesel compared to those contaminated by crude oil, especially at the end of the study.

关键词： Biodegradation Biostimulation Soil Diesel Crude Oil Organic Amendment Ghana

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Assessment of the Aflatoxin Content of Maize Flours Produced in the Commune of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 897-907页

作者： Adama Sawadogo Raoul Bazié hama cissé Latifatou Helbi Cheikna Zongo Aly Savadogo Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences Joseph KI-ZERBO Uni-versity Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Center of Manga Norbert ZONGO University Manga Burkina Faso

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites present in various foods, especially when production and conservation do not respect good hygiene practices (GHP). In Ouagadougou, maize flour is produced and sold in different structures by actors who do not always respect GHP. Thus, it is necessary to regularly control the quality of these flours. So, this is carried out with the aim to assess the aflatoxin content of maize flours produced in the municipality of Ouagadougou. For this, twenty-eight (28) samples were collected from households, markets and supermarkets in the city of Ouagadougou. Thus, LC/MS/MS analysis was used to assess the aflatoxin content of the samples. The results obtained reveal the presence of total aflatoxins (AFT) in 78.57% of samples analyzed with levels ranging from 0.89 to 64.25 μg/kg. The prevalence of different types of aflatoxins were 57.14% for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 46.43% for aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), 42.86% for aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and 4.6% for aflatoxin G2 (AFG2). The results also show that 80% and 60% of market samples, 70% and 30% of household samples and 37.5% and 25% of supermarket samples do not comply with European Commission standards for AFT and AFB1 respectively. For all the samples, 60.71% and 42.86% of the samples are compliant according to the limits established by the European Commission (EC) respectively for AFB1 and AFT. Regarding the results obtained, producers and processors must be supervised and trained in GHP for the production of better-quality flours.

关键词： Aflatoxins Maize Flour Sanitaty Quality LC/MS/MS Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

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Molecular Characterization and Technological Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bacillus and Yeast of Probiotic Interest Isolated from Fermented Porridges

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2022年第7期13卷 284-297页

作者： Boureima Kagambèga Namwin Siourimè Somda hama cissé Oumarou Zongo Yves Traoré Aly Savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquées (LABIA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/IRSAT/Département Technologie Alimentaire (DTA)/Direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques (UFR/ST) Université Thomas SANKARA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cereal-based porridges are among fermented foods with a composite microbiota. The objective of this work is to characterize the microbiota of porridge. Samples of porridge were collected in Ouagadougou and analyzed according to standard methods in microbiology. The presumed strains obtained were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Technological abilities were estimated by tests for resistance to acid pH, bile, antibiotics and antimicrobial, proteolytic and lipolytic activities. All presumptive Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast were characterized by PCR. Four (BC1a;BC9b;BC2a and BC1b) strains were confirmed to Bacillus by PCR, 6 strains to Lactobacillus and only to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All strains were sensitive to two antibiotics gentamycin and imipenem. In contrast, all strains were resistant to oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, streptomycin, penicillin and ticarcillin. Strains tested were resistant to bile but in terms of pH this resistance was relative. Potential probiotic strains have been shown to be effective in inhibiting pathogens. Proteolytic and lipolytic activities were positive on all strains. The characterization of strains, although concerned with a non-exhaustive list of primers, has made it possible to confirm the strains that may be of good quality probiotics if a quantitative study is carried out on technological aptitudes.

关键词： Bacillus Lactic Bacteria Yeast Porridge Probiotic

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Impact of Health and Nutrition Interventions in the Prevention and Recovery of Child Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2010 to 2020: Review Article

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Health 2022年第7期14卷 810-831页

作者： Sibiri Bougma Fatoumata hama-Ba Franck Garanet Jeanne d’Arc Wendmintiri Kabre Flibert Guira hama cissé Bakary Tarnagda Souleymane Zio Aly Savadogo Département Technologie Alimentaire Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquée (LaBIA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département Biomédical et Santé Publique Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département Agroalimentaire Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Gaoua Burkina Faso

Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in children under five years. Also, it is to suggest courses of action to improve interventions in the fight against malnutrition. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and food diversification improves the mothers’ knowledge and contributes to prevention of malnutrition. Food supplementation increases the weight/height ratio of malnourished children. The two programs combined bring better results on mothers’ feeding practices and children’s anthropometric data. This review has highlighted the importance of food supplementation and nutritional education in the management and prevention of child malnutrition. In addition, the combination of several approaches to good dietary practices brings better results. Finally, primary prevention can protect children from the harmful consequences of malnutrition.

关键词： Malnutrition Nutritional Education Breastfeeding Supplementation

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Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae Species Isolated from Smoked, Dried, and Braised Fish Marketed in Ouagadougou

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第1期13卷 48-75页

作者： Arouna Ouédraogo Roukiatou Traoré Ganamé Abasse Ouédraogo Namwin Siourimè Somda hama cissé Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu Francois Tchoumbougnang Cheikna Zongo Aly Savadogo Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Laboratoire de Biochimie et d’Immunologie Appliqu&eacute es (LABIA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université de Douala Institut des Sciences Halieutiques Laboratoire de Valorisation et Contr&ocirc le de Qualité Douala Cameroon University of Buea Faculty of Science Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory Buea Cameroon Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliqu&eacute es et Technologies (IRSAT) Bobo-Dioulasso Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: To preserve its nutritional properties, fish must have good sanitary quality. The objective of this study was to investigate some pathogens contaminating smoked, dried, and braised fish marketed in Ouagadougou. Methodology: Potential pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus were screened in eight (8) species of processed fish. The investigation of the germs was carried out following the normative methods of microbiology. The identities of the strains were determined by API 20 E (BioMerieux S.A., France) and API STAPH (BioMerieux S.A., France) kits for Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus species respectively. The uidA gene profile in Escherichia coli isolates was determined by simplex PCR. The identity of Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed by amplification of specific 23S rDNA regions and nuc gene profile with PCR. Results: A total of 235 fish samples were analyzed. A diversity of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus was detected. Twenty species of Enterobacteriaceae were identified among which, the most frequent were Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Serratia odorifera, respectively in 22.6%, 4.3%, 28.9%, 17.4% of the samples analyzed. However, eleven species of Staphylococcus were identified among which, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus sciuri were the most frequent with respective percentages of 47.7%, 23.4%, 12.8% and 10.6% of samples. For all the samples, the species frequently isolated were: Raoultella ornithinolytica, Escherichia coli, Serratia odorifera, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The uidA gene specific to Escherichia coli was detected in 82.85% of strains (29/35). Amplification of the specific 23S rDNA region using staur primers was observed in 98% (49/50) of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains and the nuc gene was detected in 86% of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Conclusion: The isola

关键词： Fish Contamination Enterobacteriaceae Staphylococcus Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization Ouagadougou

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Measurement of Radon Concentration and Estimation of Cancer Risk in Twenty-Four Model Houses in the Town of Koudougou

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 193-204页

作者： Moumouni Derra Luc Telado Bambara Karim Kaboré Yalgado Zakaria Sawadogo Ousmane cissé François Zougmoré Physics Department University Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Physics and Chemical Department Institute of Sciences and Technology “Ecole Normale Supérieure” Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Physics Department Virtual University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Materials and Environment University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The objective of our study is to evaluate the concentration of radon (86Rn) inside houses in the town of Koudougou in order to estimate its impact on the health of the population. Indeed, when uranium-rich minerals are found near the surface of the ground, radon concentrations can reach tens of becquerels per cubic meter in enclosed spaces. Given the nature of the geological base of Burkina Faso, this situation is quite probable and certain places that are sometimes poorly ventilated (house, school, office, etc.) can have radon levels high enough to constitute a health problem for occupants. Thus, twenty-four (24) sample houses were identified. In each house, the Corentium digital detector was between 0.8 m and 2 m for at least one week in a place where the occupants estimate that they spend more time of time and measure the concentration of radon in the long term and short term. The recorded data allowed us to determine the Absorbed Dose and the Annual Effective Dose of radon gas for each house in order to estimate the Risk of Cancer and the probable Number of Cases of Lung Cancer per million inhabitants. Thus, the results indicate that the long-term radon concentration varies between 6 Bq/m3 and 285 Bq/m3 respectively in houses 11 and 4 compared to 1 Bq/m3 to 208 Bq/m3 in the short term in the same houses. Also, in the long term, in control houses 1, 3 and 4, the radon level is above the recommended threshold interval. For the short term, these are houses 1, 3, 4 and 17 respectively with 110 Bq/m3, 142 Bq/m3, 208 Bq/m3 and 105 Bq/m3. As for the long-term and short-term effective doses, only houses 1, 3, 4, 17 and 24 have values between 3 - 10 Sv/year. The estimation of the relative risk of lung cancer gives values relatively close to unity and between 1.006 and 1.142 with an average of 1.035 and that of the Number of Lung Cancer Cases per million inhabitants gives va

关键词： Radon Absorbed Dose Annual Effective Dose Cancer Risk

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Profile of Factors of Arduous Work among Healthcare Professionals in Healthcare Facilities in Northern Benin in 2021

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第1期12卷 41-48页

作者： Gounongbé Ahoya Christophe Fabien Mama cissé Ibrahim Lompo Marthe Sandrine Azandjèmè Colette Bèhanzin Luc Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Regional Institute of Public Health of Ouidah University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin National Training School for Senior Technicians in Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Introduction: Work environments create the basis for arduous nursing work. This is what led us to research the factors of arduousness in the exercise of the health profession in North Benin, through this study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study which focused on health professionals in the health zones of Parakou-N’dali and Tchaourou. The sampling was an exhaustive census. All health workers who had given their free and informed consent were included. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The variables studied were the factors of arduous work and socio-professional characteristics. The data collected was processed and analyzed with the Epi info 7.***.0.1 software. Results: A total of 692 were surveyed, the participation rate was 85.11% and the sex ratio (M/F) equal to 0.7. The average age was 38 years old. Nurses made up 32.66% of the sample. They were 86.42% subject to night work and 82.66% to alternating work. Overall, 70.23% worked more than 40 hours per week. Between 78.12% and 96.46% of non-specialist doctors, nurses, midwives and biomedical analysis technicians were required to work night shifts. Nurses, midwives, radiology and laboratory technicians were between 89.53% and 97.35%, organized in alternating work. In the sample, 55.20% complained about the insufficient number of work materials, 26.29% handled harmful chemical substances. Among those surveyed, 58.14% had been attacked. Conclusion: All professional categories of caregivers are subject to arduous work. Measures are needed to reverse the situation.

关键词： Hard Work Professionals Health North-Bénin

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Management of Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia (AML) Treated with Intensive Chemotherapy: Experience in a Single Centre

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 401-411页

作者： Abdoul Karim Doumbia Hawa Konaré Tati Simaga Pierre Togo Oumoulkairi Nana Kouma Hawa Gouro Diall Oumar Coulibaly Adama Dembélé Mohamed Elmouloud cissé Karamoko Sacko Belco Maiga Aminata Doumbia Kalirou Traoré Ibrahima cissé Boury Traoré Abdoul Aziz Diakité Fousseyni Traoré Boubacar Togo Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introduction: Acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) is a haematological malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite significant therapeutic progress. This study presents the results of AML management in Mali according to GFAOP recommendations. Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. It included patients aged 0 - 15 years treated in the paediatric oncology unit for AML and followed up between January 2016 and December 2020. Results: During the study period, 85 cases of acute leukaemia were diagnosed in the paediatric oncology unit (including 51 cases of ALL), of which 34 cases of AML were included in this study. The majority were boys (59%). The mean age was 8 years, with extremes of 18 months and 15 years. The mean time to diagnosis was 68 days. In 79% of cases, patients were referred by 1st or 2nd level hospitals. Anaemia was observed in 91% of cases, an infectious syndrome in 68%, haemorrhage in 56% and a tumour syndrome in 85%. The haemogram showed hyperleukocytosis in 15% of cases, thrombocytosis in 22% and severe anaemia in 73%. Death occurred in 85% of cases, most often in the context of sepsis or haemorrhage. Conclusion: AML is probably underestimated in Mali and diagnosis delayed, which may be explained by patient-related factors (lack of knowledge, financial constraints) and a cumbersome referral system. These results suggest the need to implement an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, with strong involvement of the political authorities.

关键词： Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia Children Mali

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Morbidity and Mortality Related to Infectious Diseases in the Roi Boudouin Paediatric Ward in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 727-737页

作者： Guillaye Diagne Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo Djeneba Fafa cissé Sidy Lamine Mbaye Jean Baptiste Niokhor Diouf Fatou Ly Pediatrics Ward of Pikine Hospital Pikine Sngal Pediatrics Ward of Roi Boudouin Hospital Dakar Sngal

Introduction: Infant and child morbidity and mortality linked to infections remain a major concern in both developed and developing countries. The general objective was to determine the characteristics of hospital morbidity and mortality linked to infectious pathologies in the pediatric department of the King Baudouin hospital center in Dakar. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study focusing on children hospitalized from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 in the pediatric department of the King Baudouin hospital center in Dakar. Results: During the study period, 1474 children were hospitalized for an infectious pathology in the pediatric department. The sex ratio was 1.48. Children aged between one and twelve months represented 34.12%. Morbidity due to respiratory and digestive infections was 42.33% and 33.45%, respectively. Pediatric hospital mortality was 0.75% with a predominance noted in infants between 1 and 12 months (55.86%). Respiratory, digestive infections, sepsis and neurological infections were the main causes of death. Factors associated with mortality were age (1 to 12 months) with p Conclusion: Reducing infant and child mortality linked to infectious diseases remains a crucial challenge to address for improving children’s health. Early detection of related signs, prevention of infections, and adequate care and monitoring of infants and children can contribute to this reduction.

关键词： Morbidity Mortality Infections Children

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Exogenous application of bio-stimulants and growth retardants improve nutrient absorption and fiber quality in upland cotton

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第2期7卷 137-147页

作者： Al-Khayri Jameel M. Arif Muhammad Kareem Shadia hama Salih Anwar Adeel Dehghanisanij Hossein Emami Somayeh Yasmeen Azra Aftab Komal Negm Mohamed Department of Agricultural Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Food SciencesKing Faisal University31982 Al‑AhsaSaudi Arabia Water Resources Zone Irrigation Department PunjabD.G.KhanPakistan Department of Biotechnology and Crop Science College of Agricultural Engineering SciencesUniversity of SulaimaniSulaimaniIraq Department of Agronomy PMAS-Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindiPakistan Agricultural Research Education and Extension OrganizationAgricultural Engineering Research InstituteKarajAlborzIran Department of Water Engineering University of TabrizTabrizIran Department of Agronomy Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Agricultural Research Center Cotton Research InstituteGiza 12619Egypt

Background Natural and synthetic plant growth regulators are essential for plant health,likewise these regulators also play a role in increasing organic production productivity and improving quality and yield *** the present study,we have evaluated the effects of foliar applied plant growth regulators,i.e.,moringa leaf extract(MLE)and mepiquat chloride(MC)alone and in combination MC and MLE on the conventional cotton cultivar(CIM 573)and transgenic one(CIM 598).The growth regulators were applied at the start of bloom,45 and 90 days after *** The application of MC and MLE at 90 days after blooming significantly improved the relative growth rate,net assimilation rate,the number of bolls per plant,and seed cotton ***,the combined application of MLE and MC at 90 days after blooming significantly boosted the nitrogen uptake in locules,as well as the phosphorus and potassium uptake in the leaves of both cotton *** application of MLE alone has considerably improved the nitrogen uptake in leaves,and phosphorus and potassium contents in locules of Bt and conventional cotton ***,Bt cotton treated with MLE at 90 days after blooming produced significantly higher ginning out turn and oil *** in combination(MLE+MC)at 90 days after blooming produced considerably higher micronaire value,fiber strength,and staple length in conventional *** The natural growth enhancer,MLE is a rich source of minerals and zeatin,improving the nutrient absorption and quality of cotton fiber in both conventional and Bt cotton cultivars.

关键词： Bio-stimulant Cotton Fiber quality Mepiquat chloride Moringa leaf extract Potassium accumulation Oil contents

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