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Corneal collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus from the Dresden protocol to customized solutions:theoretical basis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 951-962页

作者： ciro Caruso luca D’Andrea Mario Troisi Michele Rinaldi Raffaele Piscopo Salvatore Troisi ciro Costagliola Corneal Transplant Center Pellegrini HospitalVia Portamedina alla Pignasecca 41Napoli 80127Italy Eye Clinic Department of NeurosciencesReproductive and Odontostomatological SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaples 80131Italy Public Health department University of Naples Federico IINaples 80131Italy Salerno Hospital University Ophthalmologic UnitBaronissiCampania 84131Italy

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning,corneal protrusion,progressive irregular astigmatism,corneal fibrosis,and visual *** therapeutic options regarding improvement of visual function include glasses or soft contact lenses correction for initial stages,gas-permeable rigid contact lenses,scleral lenses,implantation of intrastromal corneal ring or corneal transplants for most advanced *** keratoconus cases showing disease progression corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)has been proven to be an effective,minimally invasive and safe *** consists of a photochemical reaction of corneal collagen by riboflavin stimulation with ultraviolet A radiation,resulting in stromal crosslinks *** aim of this review is to carry out an examination of CXL methods based on theoretical basis and mathematical models,from the original Dresden protocol to the most recent developments in the technique,reporting the changes proposed in the last 15y and examining the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment ***,the limits of non-standardized methods and the perspectives offered by a customization of the treatment are highlighted.

关键词： corneal collagen cross linking keratoconus custom fast protocol Dresden protocol lambert-beer law Bunsen-roscoe law

Chronic HCV infection and inflammation:Clinical impact on hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第10期5卷 528-540页

作者： Rosa Zampino Aldo Marrone Luciano Restivo Barbara Guerrera Ausilia Sellitto luca Rinaldi ciro Romano Luigi E Adinolfi Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology Second University of Naples Polyclinic Hospital Division of Internal Medicine Second University of NaplesClinical Hospital of MarcianiseCaserta Local Health Unit Division of Internal Medicine Allergy and Clinical ImmunologySecond University of Naples Polyclinic Hospital

The liver has a central role in regulating inflammation by its capacity to secrete a number of proteins that control both local and systemic inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation or an exaggerated inflammatory response can produce detrimental effects on target organs. Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection causes liver inflammation by complex and not yet well-understood molecular pathways, including direct viral effects and indirect mechanisms involving cytokine pathways,oxidative stress and steatosis induction. An increasing body of evidence recognizes the inflammatory response in chronic hepatitis C as pathogenically linked to the development of both liver-limited injury(fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extrahepatic HCV-related diseases(lymphoproliferative disease,atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and brain disease). defining the complex mechanisms of HCV-induced inflammation could be crucial to determine the global impact of infection, to estimate progression of the disease, and to explore novel therapeutic approaches to avert HCVrelated diseases. This review focuses on HCV-related clinical conditions as a result of chronic liver and systemic inflammatory states.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Inflammation Cytokines Oxidative stress Hepatic disease Extra-hepatic diseases

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and neurological and psychiatric disorders:An overview

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第8期21卷 2269-2280页

作者： Luigi Elio Adinolfi Riccardo Nevola Giacomo Lus Luciano Restivo Barbara Guerrera ciro Romano Rosa Zampino luca Rinaldi Ausilia Sellitto Mauro Giordano Aldo Marrone Clinical Hospital of Marcianise Second University of Naples department of Medical Surgical Neurological Geriatric and Metabolic Sciences Second University of Naples Neurological Sciences Second University of Naples

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is considered a systemic disease because of involvement of other organs and tissues concomitantly with liver *** the extrahepatic manifestations,neuropsychiatric disorders have been reported in up to 50%of chronic HCV infected *** the central and peripheral nervous system may be involved with a wide variety of clinical *** HCV-associated neurological conditions include cerebrovascular events,encephalopathy,myelitis,encephalomyelitis,and cognitive impairment,whereas"brain fog",depression,anxiety,and fatigue are at the top of the list of psychiatric ***,HCV infection is known to cause both motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy in the context of mixed cryoglobulinemia,and has also been recently recognized as an independent risk factor for *** extrahepatic manifestations are independent of severity of the underlying chronic liver disease and hepatic *** brain is a suitable site for HCV replication,where the virus may directly exert neurotoxicity;other mechanisms proposed to explain the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in chronic HCV infection include derangement of metabolic pathways of infected cells,alterations in neurotransmitter circuits,autoimmune disorders,and cerebral or systemic inflammation.A pathogenic role for HCV is also suggested by improvement of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients achieving a sustained virologic response following interferon treatment;however,further ad hoc trials are needed to fully assess the impact of HCV infection and specific antiviral treatments on associated neuropsychiatric disorders.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Neurological disorders Psychiatr

Continental-scale assessment of provisioning soil functions in Europe

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 350-367页

作者： Gergely Tóth ciro Gardi Katalin Bódis Éva Ivits Ece Aksoy Arwyn Jones Simon Jeffrey Thorum Petursdottir luca Montanarella Institute for Environment and Sustainability Via Fermi Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and SustainabilityVia Fermi 2749 TP280Ispra 21027Italy

Introduction:A framework is developed to link major soil functions to ecosystem services *** soil functions—with primary linkages to ecosystem services—are evaluated on a continental scale in ***:We defined major provisioning soil functions combining the approaches proposed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection of the European *** productivity was evaluated by three main land use types(cropland,grassland,forest)using a validated expert model called *** include soil,climate and topographic *** material provision capacity of soils was assessed on the basis of(i)organic carbon content and(ii)availability of soil materials for ***:A coherent system of soil function-based ecosystem services was compiled,taking into account major soil *** also produced new data on soil-based provisioning ecosystem services,including productivity and raw material *** attempts to cover the main human activities requiring materials of soil origin and to map the locations where those materials are available on a continental scale provide new insight to this field of ***:Soil-based ecosystem services can be assessed by the evaluation of soil functions which play a role in the production of these *** analysis and comparison of the spatial distribution of the investigated soil functions were *** crop productivity showed a general trend to increase in a northward and westward direction,local soil quality in most regions—except in the Mediterranean—can compensate for climatic handicaps to a great *** of areas with potential for providing ecosystem services by individual soil functions highlights the complexity of decision-making for resource utilization but also the possibilities for optimization and more conscious management.

关键词： Soil ecosystem services Provisioning functions Soil productivity Soil quality Land evaluation