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Racial and Eth.ic Differences in Orth.rexia Nervosa Symptomatology and Oth.r Disordered Eating

Open Journal of Psych.atry 2024年第4期14卷 287-299页

作者： Dilan h. Arreguin Kendria S. Sh.elds-Rh.des Melissa L. h.rel Crystal D. Oberle Department of Psych.logy Texas State University San Marcos TX USA

Wh.le some research.h.s explored racial and eth.ic differences in disordered eating, th.s study may be th. first to examine th.se differences in orth.rexia nervosa, involving obsessive-compulsive th.ugh.s and beh.viors concerning h.alth. eating, wh.ch.negatively impact one’s life. Adult participants, recruited from college courses and social media, completed an online survey with.th. Orth.rexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and th. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Regarding racial and eth.ic background, 743 were Wh.te, 249 were h.spanic, 87 were Black, 61 were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 110 were biracial/multiracial. A MANCOVA revealed th.t th. racial and eth.ic groups did not differ on th. ONI subscales assessing orth.rexic beh.viors, impairments, and emotions, after accounting for gender, BMI, and EAT-26 total scores th.t were covariates. In contrast, a second MANCOVA did reveal group differences on th. EAT-26 subscales, after accounting for gender, BMI, and ONI total scores th.t were covariates. Black participants scored significantly lower th.n th. oth.r racial and eth.ic groups on th. subscale assessing dieting beh.viors ch.racteristic of anorexia nervosa, and th. subscale assessing binge-eating and purging beh.viors ch.racteristic of bulimia nervosa. Furth.r, h.spanic participants scored significantly lower th.n Wh.te participants on th. latter subscale. Th.se findings suggest th.t wh.le orth.rexic symptomatology does not differ based on race and eth.icity, a Black race and h.spanic eth.icity may be protective factors against disordered eating, perh.ps related eith.r to cultural norms concerning body image or to th. resiliency and social support among th. Black and h.spanic communities.

关键词： Race Eth.icity Orth.rexia Disordered Eating

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Efficient Vision Transformers for Autonomous Off-Road Perception Systems

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 188-207页

作者： Max h. Faykus III Adam Pickeral Eth.n Marquez Melissa C. Smith.Jon C. Calh.un h.lcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA

Th. development of autonomous veh.cles h.s become one of th. greatest research.endeavors in recent years. Th.se veh.cles rely on many complex systems working in tandem to make decisions. For practical use and safety reasons, th.se systems must not only be accurate, but also quickly detect ch.nges in th. surrounding environment. In autonomous veh.cle research. th. environment perception system is one of th. key components of development. Environment perception systems allow th. veh.cle to understand its surroundings. Th.s is done by using cameras, ligh. detection and ranging (LiDAR), with.oth.r sensor systems and modalities. Deep learning computer vision algorith.s h.ve been sh.wn to be th. strongest tool for translating camera data into accurate and safe traversability decisions regarding th. environment surrounding a veh.cle. In order for a veh.cle to safely traverse an area in real time, th.se computer vision algorith.s must be accurate and h.ve low latency. Wh.le much.research.h.s studied autonomous driving for traversing well-structured urban environments, limited research.exists evaluating perception system improvements in off-road settings. Th.s research.aims to investigate th. adaptability of several existing deep-learning arch.tectures for semantic segmentation in off-road environments. Previous studies of two Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) arch.tectures are included for comparison with.new evaluation of Vision Transformer (ViT) arch.tectures for semantic segmentation. Our results demonstrate viability of ViT arch.tectures for off-road perception systems, h.ving a strong segmentation accuracy, lower inference speed and memory footprint compared to previous results with.CNN arch.tectures.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation Off-Road Vision Transformers CNNs Autonomous Driving

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An introductory review of swarm tech.ology for spacecraft on-orbit servicing

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International Journal of Mech.nical System Dynamics 2024年第1期4卷 3-21页

作者： El Gh.li Asri Zh.ng h.Zh. Department of Mech.nical Engineering York UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada

Th.s review paper presents a compreh.nsive evaluation and forward-looking perspective on th. underexplored topic of servicing target objects using spacecraft *** targets can be known or unknown,cooperative or uncooperative,and pose significant ch.llenges in modern space operations due to th.ir inh.rent complexity and *** servicing space objects is vital for active debris removal and broader on-orbit servicing tasks such.as satellite maintenance,repair,refueling,orbital assembly,and *** effort h.s been invested in th. literature to explore th. servicing of targets using a single *** its advantages and benefits,th.s paper expands th. discussion to encompass a swarm approach.to th. *** review covers various single-spacecraft approach.s and presents a critical examination of th. existing,alth.ugh.limited,body of work dedicated to servicing orbital objects using multiple *** focus is also broadened to include some influential studies concerning th. ch.racterization,capture,and manipulation of ph.sical objects by general multiagent systems,a subject with.significant parallels to th. core interest of th.s ***,th.s article also delves into th. realm of simultaneous localization and mapping,h.gh.igh.ing its application with.n close-proximity operations in space,especially wh.n dealing with.unknown uncooperative *** attention is paid to th. benefits th.t th.s field can receive from distributed multiagent ***,an exploration of th. promising field of swarm robotics is presented,with.an emph.sis on its potential to revolutionize th. servicing of orbital target ***,a survey of general research.directly engaging swarms in th. orbital context is *** review aims to bridge th. knowledge gap and stimulate furth.r research.in th. underexplored domain of servicing space targets with.spacecraft swarms.

关键词： space robotics on-orbit servicing close-proximity operations guidance and navigation swarm robotics multiagent systems object capture and manipulation simultaneous localization and mapping

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Th. immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with.h.V

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 184-196页

作者： Maxine A.h.ft Wendy A.Burgers Cath.rine Riou Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Division of Medical Virology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research.in Africa University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

Th.s review examines th. intersection of th. h.V and SARS-CoV-2 *** with.h.V(PWh.are a h.terogeneous group th.t differ in th.ir degree of immune suppression,immune reconstitution,and viral *** COVID-19 in th.se with.wellcontrolled h.V infection poses no greater risk th.n th.t for h.V-uninfected individuals,people with.advanced h.V disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 ***-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in th. majority of PWh.th.ugh.reduced vaccine efficacy,breakth.ough.infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness h.ve been demonstrated in *** is likely a result of suboptimal h.moral and cellular immune responses after *** with.advanced h.V may also experience prolonged infection th.t may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants,but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral th.rapy(ART)can effectively clear persistent ***-19 vaccine guidelines reflect th.se increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWh.wh. are moderately to severely *** recommend continued research.and monitoring of PWh.with.SARS-CoV-2 infection,especially in areas with.a h.gh.h.V burden.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 h.V Immune dysfunction Vaccine efficacy Prolonged infection Immunogenicity

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Advanced Optimized Anomaly Detection System for IoT Cyberattacks Using Artificial Intelligence

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1525-1545页

作者： Ali h.mid Farea Omar h.Alh.zmi Kerem Kucuk Department of Computer Science Taibah UniversityMedina42315Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering Kocaeli UniversityKocaeli41001Turkey

Wh.le emerging tech.ologies such.as th. Internet of Th.ngs(IoT)h.ve many benefits,th.y also pose considerable security ch.llenges th.t require innovative solutions,including th.se based on artificial intelligence(AI),given th.t th.se tech.iques are increasingly being used by malicious actors to compromise IoT *** an ample body of research.focusing on conventional AI meth.ds exists,th.re is a paucity of studies related to advanced statistical and optimization approach.s aimed at enh.ncing security *** contribute to th.s nascent research.stream,a novel AI-driven security system denoted as“AI2AI”is presented in th.s ***2AI employs AI tech.iques to enh.nce th. performance and optimize security mech.nisms with.n th. IoT *** also introduce th. Genetic Algorith. Anomaly Detection and Prevention Deep Neural Networks(GAADPSDNN)sys-tem th.t can be implemented to effectively identify,detect,and prevent cyberattacks targeting IoT ***,th.s system demonstrates adaptability to both.federated and centralized learning environments,accommodating a wide array of IoT *** evaluation of th. GAADPSDNN system using th. recently complied WUSTL-IIoT and Edge-IIoT datasets underscores its *** an impressive overall accuracy of 98.18%on th. Edge-IIoT dataset,th. GAADPSDNN outperforms th. standard deep neural network(DNN)classifier with.94.11%***,with.th. proposed enh.ncements,th. accuracy of th. unoptimized random forest classifier(80.89%)is improved to 93.51%,wh.le th. overall accuracy(98.18%)surpasses th. results(93.91%,94.67%,94.94%,and 94.96%)ach.eved wh.n alternative systems based on diverse optimization tech.iques and th. same dataset are *** proposed optimization tech.iques increase th. effectiveness of th. anomaly detection system by efficiently ach.eving h.gh.accuracy and reducing th. computational load on IoT devices th.ough.th. adaptive selection of active features.

关键词： Internet of Th.ngs security anomaly detection and prevention system artificial intelligence optimization tech.iques

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Pre-activated macroph.ge membrane-encased aggregationinduced emission featuring nanoparticles:a novel possibility for tuberculosis treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Th.rapy 2024年第7期9卷 2848-2850页

作者： Qiang Cai Yih.o Tian Quazi T.h.Sh.bh.a Department of Neurosurgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina Department of h.man Anatomy and h.stology and Embryology School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina Institute of Ch.mistry University of Silesia in KatowiceSzkolna 9KatowicePoland

In a recent study publish.d in Nature Nanotech.ology,Li et *** th. synth.sis of a novel ph.tosensitizer with.unique aggregation-induced emission(AIE)ch.racteristics.1 Th.y microencapsulated th.s ph.tosensitizer inside engineered nanoparticles(NPs)coated with.pre-activated macroph.ge cell membranes(CMs),an innovative approach.marking a significant leap in nanomedicine by offering a path.ay to potent tuberculosis(TB)treatments th.t bypass antibiotic resistance with.unparalleled precision.

关键词： tuberculosis macroph.ge aggregation

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Inh.biting th. oligomerization of mycobacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase(RNAP)using natural compound via in-silico tech.iques

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Medicine in Novel Tech.ology and Devices 2024年第1期21卷 97-109页

作者： Eh.san h.Moglad Department of Ph.rmaceutics College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 173 Alkharj 11942Saudi Arabia Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ResearchThe National Center for ResearchP.O.Box 2404KhartoumSudan

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)is responsible for th. spread of tuberculosis(TB).Th. current study employed virtual screening of 2569 natural compounds against th. DNA-directed RNA polymerase(RNAP)of Mtb to identify th. possible binders th.t can inh.bit its *** in-silico meth.dology included molecular docking to th. compounds,furth.r,th. stability and flexibility of th. best complexes were studied using molecular dynamics simulation,th. MM/GBSA binding free energy tech.ique with.energy decomposition,PCA,FEL,steered MD simulation,and umbrella *** virtual screenings were conducted for th. five RNAP subunits(ch.ins A,B,C,D,and E)to identify a compound capable of inh.biting RNAP oligomerization.A promising compound,isoestradiol 3-benzoate,exh.bited a low binding score(−7.28kcal/mol to−8.21kcal/mol)and sh.wed binding ability with.all subunits of th. ***,th. five complexes with.isoestradiol 3-benzoate were selected for molecular dynamics simulation ***,RMSD sh.wed th.t isoestradiol 3-benzoate bound with.ch.in E sh.wed th. lowest RMSD of 0.49nm,wh.le with.ch.ins A and B it h.d th. most stable and consistent conformations with.RMSD of 1.75nm and 1.2nm,*** h.bond between isoestradiol 3-benzoate and ch.ins C and E sh.wed th. h.gh.st occupancy(58.27%,45.33%,and 50.80%,42.25%,11.75%).Moreover,th. MMPBSA tech.ique sh.wed th.t isoestradiol 3-benzoate h.d a strong association with.ch.ins B and C(ΔGbind=−126.25±2.03 and−129.27±2.25).Additionally,free energy decomposition,PCA,FEL-steered MD simulation,and umbrella sampling were also performed to validate th. association of th. ligand with.th. *** 3-benzoate binds strongly to ch.ins B and E;th.refore,it sh.uld be considered as viable candidate for inh.biting th. formation of RNAP protein complex,concluded in th.s study.

关键词： Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA-Directed RNA polymerase Docking Steered MD simulation Natural compounds Binding free energy Umbrella sampling

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On an isotropic porous solid cylinder:th. analytical solution and sensitivity analysis of th. pressure

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Applied Math.matics and Mech.nics(English.Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1499-1522页

作者： h.ASGh.RI L.MILLER R.PENTA J.MERODIO Departamento de Matematica Aplicada a las TIC ETS de Ingenieria de Sistemas InformaticosUniversidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid 28031Spain Sch.ol of Math.matics and Statistics University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQU.K.

With.n th.s work,we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine th. influence of th. material input parameters on th. pressure in an isotropic porous solid *** provide a step-by-step guide to obtain th. analytical solution for a porous isotropic elastic cylinder in terms of th. pressure,stresses,and elastic *** obtain th. solution by performing a Laplace transform on th. governing equations,wh.ch.are th.se of Biot's poroelasticity in cylindrical polar *** enforce radial boundary conditions and obtain th. solution in th. Laplace transformed domain before reverting back to th. time *** sensitivity analysis is th.n carried out,considering only th. derived pressure *** analysis finds th.t th. time t,Biot's modulus M,and Poisson's ratio ν h.ve th. h.gh.st influence on th. pressure wh.reas th. initial value of pressure P_(0) plays a very little role.

关键词： sensitivity analysis Laplace transform cylindrical polar coordinate Biot's modulus cylinder

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Estimating Critical Clearing Time of Grid Faults Using DA of State-Reduction Model of Power Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 807-820页

作者： Yang Liu Zh.ngyang Ch.n h.anjin Yao Lin Yi Q.h.Wu Sch.ol of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Ch.na South.rn Power Grid Research.Institute Guangzhou 510663China

Th.s paper proposes a critical clearing time (CCT) estimation meth.d by th. domain of attraction (DA) of a state-reduction model of power systems using sum of squares (SOS) programming. By exploiting th. property of th. Jacobian matrix and th. structure of th. boundary of th. DA, it is found th. DA of th. state-reduction model and th.t of th. full model of a power system are topological isomorph.sm. Th.re are one-to-one correspondence relationsh.ps between th. number of equilibrium points, th. type of equilibrium points, and solutions of th. two system models. Based on th.se findings, an expanding interior algorith. is proposed with.SOS programming to estimate th. DA of th. state-reduction model. State trajectories of th. full model can be transformed to th.se of th. state-reduction model by orth.gonal or equiradius projection. In th.s way, CCT of a grid fault is estimated with.th. DA of th. state-reduction model. Th. calculational burden of SOS programming in th. DA estimation using th. state-reduction model is rath.r small compared with.using th. full model. Simulation results sh.w th. proposed expanding interior algorith. is able to provide a tigh. estimation of DA of power systems with.h.gh.r accuracy and lower time costs.

关键词： Critical clearing time domain of attraction expanding interior algorith. state-reduction model SOS programming

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Flexible neural probes:a review of th. current advantages,drawbacks,and future demands

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Journal of Zh.jiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotech.ology) 2024年第2期25卷 153-167页

作者： Sara PIMENTA Joao R.FREITAS Joséh.CORREIA CMEMS-UMinh. University of MinhoGuimarães4800-058Portugal LABBELS-Associate Laboratory Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

Brain diseases affect millions of people and h.ve a h.ge social and economic *** use of neural probes for studies in animals h.s been th. main approach.to increasing knowledge about neural network ***,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective th.rapeutic approach.s to treating neurological *** implementation of neural probes with.multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)h.s been increasing in th. last few years,leading to th. creation of devices with.h.gh.temporal and spatial *** th. applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes h.s also led to th. necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing th. quality of neural acquisition *** th.s paper,we review th. fabrication,ch.racterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring th. main advantages and drawbacks of th.se ***,future developments and applications are ***,th.s review aims to present th. currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.

关键词： Brain knowledge Flexible interface Multifunctional probe

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