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The effect of surfactant on the physical properties of coconut oil nanoemulsions

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第5期13卷 409-414页

作者： Sirikarn Pengon Nawinda Chinatangkul chutima limmatvapirat Sontaya limmatvapirat Faculty of Pharmacy Siam University Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University

The aim of this study was to develop the water compatible form of coconut oil through nanoemulsification. The effect of different types and amounts of surfactants on the physical characteristics of nanoemulsions containing coconut oil was investigated. Coconut oil nanoemulsions containing varied amounts of surfactants including polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether(PGO), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate(POS), polyethylene glycol hydrogenated castor oil(PHC), sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) and poloxamer 407(PLX) were formulated and comparatively evaluated for their physical properties. The results showed that the coconut oil nanoemulsions using PGO, POS and PHC as surfactants exhibited low percent creaming index indicating excellent stability, while those containing SLS and PLX demonstrated the higher percent creaming index suggesting lesser physical stability. The droplet sizes of nanoemulsions consisting of 5%(w/w) PGO, POS and PHC were 22.843, 4.458 and 0.162 μm, respectively. Thus, coconut oil nanoemulsions with the smallest size could be obtained when PHC was applied. Furthermore, the droplet size of nanoemulsions decreased from 33 μm to less than 200 nm with an increase in the amount of PHC from 1% to 10%(w/w). Additionally, the properties of coconut oil based nanoemulsions containing PHC were not changed through temperature cycling test. From these results, it was suggested that the fabrication of stable coconut oil nanoemulsions with small particle size could be easily achieved by using 5%(w/w) PHC as a surfactant. The knowledge gained from the study might provide the basic guideline for the fabrication of stable nanoemulsions for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields in the future.

关键词： Coconut oil Nanoemulsions Stability

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Formulation and evaluation of gels containing coconut? kernel extract for topical application

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第5期13卷 415-424页

作者： Wantanwa Krongrawa Sontaya limmatvapirat Nushjira Pongnimitprasert Paranee Meetam chutima limmatvapirat Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Department of Biopharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University

The biological activity of coconut( Cocos nucifera L.) extracts from its kernels and various parts was reported by many previous studies, it is therefore believable that the extracts of its kernels might show some activities in topical formulations. Among several kernel extracts, the TC06 extract prepared by soaking the steamed coconut kernels in hot water showed the highest total phenolic content(6.98 ± 0.30 mg GAE/g extract) and the strongest antioxidant activity as determined using FRAP and DPPH methods with a reducing power value of 4.12 ± 0.16 mg AAE/g of extract and an SC 50 value of 2.38 ± 0.14 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, this extract did not display any cytotoxic effects in the concentration range of 50–3200 μg/ml. Meanwhile, it revealed cytoprotective effects against t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells at concentrations higher than 400 μg/ml. The results of phytochemical investigations including a chemical color test, TLC, 1 H NMR and FTIR suggested that the TC06 extract was mainly composed of flavonoids and terpenoids. Furthermore, the concentrations of heavy metals including As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the TC06 extract were below permissible limits. According to the solubility, the TC06 extract was incorporated into gels using Carbopol Ultrez 21 as a gelling agent. The formulated gel containing 3%(w/w) TC06 extract was stable at 4 °C and 25 °C with 75% RH throughout the storage period. It was found that the Carbopol Ultrez 21-based hydroalcoholic gel containing an aqueous extract of coconut kernels exhibited antioxidant activities in the two assays and showed a sufficient consistency, a pleasing color, and a non-oily perception during the period of observation.

关键词： Coconut kernel Extract Gel Antioxidant activity Phytochemical screening

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Fabrication and characterization of spearmint oil loaded nanoemulsions as cytotoxic agents against oral cancer cell

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第5期13卷 425-437页

作者： Sukannika Tubtimsri chutima limmatvapirat Siripan Limsirichaikul Prasert Akkaramongkolporn Yutaka Inoue Sontaya limmatvapirat Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Burapha University Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Department of Biopharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Laboratory of Drug Safety Management Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Josai University

Spearmint oil(SMO), a commonly used essential oil for oral care products, possesses various interesting functions, especially for anticancer property. However, the application of SMO for cancer treatment is limited due to water insoluble. In the present study, nanoemulsions, which have been widely accepted as dosage forms for poorly water-soluble drugs, were selected as candidate carriers for SMO to inhibit oral cancer cell. The nanoemulsions were fabricated using phase inversion temperature method. The factors affecting formation and properties of nanoemulsions including type and amount of surfactants, oil loading and ratio of SMO to virgin coconut oil(VCO) were investigated. Among the surfactants used, the nanoemulsions containing polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives(Kolliphor ?EL; PCO35, Cremophor ?RH40; PCO40, Eumulgin ?CO60; PCO60) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters(PSF80) showed 100% creaming after temperature cycling test indicating excellent physical stability while those containing PCO40 demonstrated more transparency and better physical stability. With an increasing amount of PCO40, the droplet size tended to decrease and was in the nano-size range( < 1000 nm) after increasing to more than 5%(w/w). SMOVCO loading also influenced on the droplet size. At 5%(w/w) PCO40, the maximum SMO-VCO loading of 25%(w/w) to attain nanoemulsions was observed. Moreover, the composition of oils had an impact on size of emulsions. The transparent nanoemulsions were only prepared in the range of SMO-VCO from 40:60 to 80:20, suggesting the optimum ratio of SMO tosurfactant and the composition of oils were the critical factors for formation of nanoemulsions. NMR study disclosed that the interaction between PCO40 with both VCO and SMO should be a possible stabilization mechanism. Furthermore, the SMO-VCO nanoemulsions exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against oral carcinoma(KON) cell line using MTT assay. The finding, therefore, revealed the good feasibility o

关键词： Nanoemulsions Spearmint oil Coconut oil Surfactants Anticancer NMR

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Design and characterization of monolaurin loaded electrospun shellac nanofibers with antimicrobial activity

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第5期13卷 459-471页

作者： Nawindac Chinatangkul chutima limmatvapirat Jurairatb Nunthanid Manee Luangtana-Anan Pornsak Sriamornsak Sontaya limmatvapirat Faculty of Pharmacy Siam University Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBi G) Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn University

The aim of this study was to elucidate the optimized fabrication factors influencing the formation and properties of shellac(SHL) nanofibers loaded with an antimicrobial monolaurin(ML). The main and interaction effects of formulation and process parameters including SHL content(35%–40% w/w), ML content(1%–3% w/w), applied voltage(9–27 kV) and flow rate(0.4–1.2 ml/h) on the characteristic of nanofibers were investigated through a total of 19 experiments based on a full factorial design with three replicated center points. As a result, the SHL content was the major parameter affecting fiber diameter. Another response result revealed that the SHL content would be also the most significant negative impact on amount of beads. An increase in the concentration of SHL leaded to a reduction in the amount of beads. From the results of characterization study, it was proved that ML might be entrapped between the chains of SHL during the electrospinning process exhibiting an excellent encapsulation. According to the response surface area, small(?488 nm) and beadless(?0.48) fibers were obtained with the SHL and ML contents of 37.5% and 1.1% w/w respectively, at the applied voltage of 18 k V and the flow rate of 0.8 ml/h. In addition, the results of the kill-kinetic studies showed that SHL nanofibers loaded with ML exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while Escherichia coli was less affected due to the hydrophilic structure of the its outer membrane. ML also exerted an antifun-gal activity by reducing the number of Candida albicans colonies. Based on their structural and antimicrobial properties, SHL nanofibers containing ML could be potentially used as a medicated dressing for wound treatment.

关键词： Shellac Monolaurin Nanofibers Factorial design Wound dressing Electrospinning

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Factors affecting formation of nanoemulsions containing modified coconut oil and spearmint oil

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 227-228页

作者： Kamonchanok Wangjit chutima limmatvapirat Nattawat Nattapulwat Wanchai Sutananta Sontaya limmatvapirat Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom 73000Thailand Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group(PBiG) Faculty of PharmacySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom 73000Thailand Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of PharmacySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom 73000Thailand

Dental caries is one of the major oral health problems in most countries,affecting more than 50%of school children and majority of ***,we can prevent the disease by utilization of suitable antiseptics,*** and chlorhexidine[1].However,most antiseptics cause irritation or straining of the mucous membrane and ***,finding a more safe and efficient antiseptics is still a matter of interest to eradicate the causative *** oils from plants including spearmint oil(SMO)could reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans counts in plaques and saliva.

关键词： Coconut oil Spearmint oil Nanoemulsions

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Determination of mono-, di-, and trilaurin in modified coconut oil using HPLC–ELSD

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 223-224页

作者： Juthaporn Ponphaiboon Sirikarn Pengon Amornrat Chaidedgumjorn Sontaya limmatvapirat chutima limmatvapirata Faculty of Pharmacy Silpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom 73000Thailand Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group(PBiG) Faculty of PharmacySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom 73000Thailand Faculty of Pharmacy Siam UniversityBangkok 10160Thailand

Modified coconut oil (MCO) enriched with monolaurin (ML) was prepared by the glycerolysis of coconut oil (1)Glycerolysis converts dilaurin (DL) and trilaurin (TL) into ML, the lauric acid monoglyceride. ML has been found to have antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities (2)According to the antimicrobial activity, the glyceride composition of MCO was determined.

关键词： Monolaurin Dilaurin Trilaurin Modified coconut oil HPLC-ELSD

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