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Interannual evolution of the chemical composition,sources and processes of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,China:Insights from observations in four winters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 32-45页

作者： Junke Zhang Jiaqi Li Yunfei Su chunying Chen Luyao Chen Xiaojuan Huang Fangzheng wang Yawen Huang Gehui wang Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China Department of Environmental Science&Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3)Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

The air quality in China has improved significantly in the last decade and,correspondingly,the characteristics of PM_(2.5)have also changed.We studied the interannual variation of PM_(2.5)in Chengdu,one of the most heavily polluted megacities in southwest China,during the most polluted season(winter).Our results show that the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5)decreased significantly year-by-year,from 195.8±91.0μg/m~3in winter 2016 to 96.1±39.3μg/m^(3)in winter 2020.The mass concentrations of organic matter(OM),SO_()4^(2-),NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)decreased by 49.6%,57.1%,49.7% and 28.7%,respectively.The differential reduction in the concentrations of chemical components increased the contributions from secondary organic carbon and NO_(3)^(-)and there was a larger contribution from mobile sources.The contribution of OM and NO_(3)^(-)not only increased with increasing levels of pollution,but also increased year-by-year at the same level of pollution.Four sources of PM_(2.5)were identified:combustion sources,vehicular emissions,dust and secondary aerosols.Secondary aerosols made the highest contribution and increased year-by-year,from 40.6%in winter 2016 to 46.3% in winter 2020.By contrast,the contribution from combustion sources decreased from 14.4% to 8.7%.Our results show the effectiveness of earlier pollution reduction policies and emphasizes that priority should be given to key pollutants(e.g.,OM and NO_(3)^(-))and sources(secondary aerosols and vehicular emissions)in future policies for the reduction of pollution in Chengdu during the winter months.

关键词： PM_(2.5) Chemical composition Sources Interannual evolution Winter Chengdu

Durable and enhanced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by manganese nanoadjuvant formulated subunit vaccine

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 47-50页

作者： Mengyu Guo Mingjing Cao Jiufeng Sun Ziwei Chen Xin wang Lianpan Dai George F.Gao Yuliang Zhao Yaling wang chunying Chen CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety&CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijingChina Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhouChina CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyBeijingChina

Dear editor,Vaccines are the most efficient and effective means to prevent infectious diseases,but improving the long-term protective efficacy is still a major challenge in contemporary vaccine development.1 The waning immunity varies depending on the diversification of the pathogen and the number of booster doses.1 Strategies to overcome this warrant is using adjuvants that amplify the immune response,and drive the production of memory B and T cells or long-lived plasma cells that recognize the pathogen for durable protection.2–4 Although existing adjuvants have achieved promising results,research on generating durable protective immunity is lacking in promoting vaccine development and staying ahead of global pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The precisely designed nanoadjuvants can enhance lymph node targeting and increase antigenpresenting cell(APCs)uptake,achieving the co-delivery of adjuvants and antigens and activating innate and adaptive immune responses.5 Previously,we reported a manganese nanoadjuvant(MnARK)and receptor-binding domain(RBD)monomer antigen formulated nanovaccine.6 MnARK transported antigens to lymph nodes,activated the STING pathway,elicited strong neutralizing abilities and increased immune memory T cell percentage against the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).6 Regarding the long-term protection potential of MnARK for subunit vaccine development,we further explored the durable immune regulation abilities of MnARK to a SARS-CoV-2 RBD dimer antigen,which has been used in an approved COVID-19 subunit vaccine ZF2001 with aluminum adjuvant(alum).7,8 TEM result revealed that RBD dimer could interact with BSA on MnARK surface and epitope can be well preserved(Supplementary Fig.1a).The size and zeta potential of MnARK-RBD dimer nanovaccine was~58 nm and-14 mV,respectively(Supplementary Fig.1b,c).

关键词： manganese immunity protective

Formaldehyde oxidation on Pd/USY catalysts at room temperature: The effect of acid pretreatment on supports

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 811-822页

作者： Xiaofeng Liu chunying wang Yumin Chen Qi Qin Yaobin Li Hong He Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Urban EnvironmentXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORSNingbo 315800China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Materials for Gaseous Pollutant Control Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Urban EnvironmentXiamen 361021China

The complete catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to CO_(2)and H_(2)O at room temperature is a green route for indoor HCHO removal.Zeolite is an excellent carrier material for HCHO oxidation due to its large surface area,intricate pores and high adsorption capacity.However,the zeolite-supported noble metal catalysts have currently shown relatively low activity especially at room temperature.In this work,we present a facile acid treatment strategy for zeolite catalysts to improve the hydroxyl concentration and further enhance their catalytic activity for HCHO oxidation.Activity tests illustrated that HCHO could be completely oxidized to CO_(2)and H_(2)O at a nearly 100%conversion rate with a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 150,000 mL/(g·hr) at 25℃,when the support of Pd/USY catalysts was pretreated by hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.20 mol/L.The characterization results revealed that the active hydroxyl groups originated from the dealumination in the acid treatment play a key role in the HCHO oxidation reaction.The deduced reaction mechanism suggests that bridging hydroxyl groups may oxidize HCHO to dioxymethylene(DOM) species and terminal hydroxyl groups are responsible for the transformation of DOM groups to formate (HCOO) species.

关键词： Formaldehyde oxidation USY zeolite Acid treatment Hydroxyl groups

HIV encephalopathy is contributed by macrophages and microglia

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 836-838页

作者： Si-Meng Liu Man Li Chunhui Ma chunying Liu An Lv Qing Li Yamei Niu Peng wang Bo Huang Wei-Min Tong Department of Pathology China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122China Department of Pathology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeNeuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100005China Department of Pathology Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100015China Molecular Pathology Research Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Center For Experimental Animal Research Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100010China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Dear Editor,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),characterized by a significant decrease in the number of CD4^(+)T cells,causes a defective T cell immune response,which subsequently leads to various conditional pathogenic infections and tumors(Calmy et al.,2018;Seligmann et al.,1987).Neurological disorders have been reported in 70%–80%of patients with AIDS(Saylor et al.,2016)。

关键词： encephalopathy immunodeficiency

A matrix metalloproteinase-responsive hydrogel system controls angiogenic peptide release for repair of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 503-517页

作者： Qi Liu Jianye Xie Runxue Zhou Jin Deng Weihong Nie Shuwei Sun Haiping wang chunying Shi Department of Human Anatomy Histology and EmbryologySchool of Basic MedicineQingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina Department of General Practice The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

关键词： angiogenesis biomaterial blood-brain barrier cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury control release drug delivery inflammation QK peptides matrix metalloproteinase-2 neuroprotection self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel

Progress in electrode materials for the industrialization of sodium-ion batteries

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2023年第1期33卷 1-7页

作者： Zhaoxin Guo Guangdong Qian chunying wang Ge Zhang Ruofan Yin Wei-Di Liu Rui Liu Yanan Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland

In recent years, sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have received renewed attention due to the continued rise in lithium prices. SIBs are promising to replace lithium-ion batteries under various application scenarios, such as large-scale energy storage systems and low-speed electric vehicles. As the core of SIBs, electrode materials are the key factor demining the electrochemical performance. Key drawback, including cycle stability, air stability and energy density, are refraining the development of SIBs off-industrialization. For a systematic understanding on the development of SIBs, in this review, we summarized the progress of SIBs from the industrialization viewpoint,including the fabrication methods suitable for large scale production of electrode materials of SIBs, and the optimization strategies to improve electrochemical performance. Finally, we proposed promising directions for future development of electrode materials for SIBs toward industrialization.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries Electrode materials Industrialization

Negative effects of artiffcial nest boxes on birds:A review

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 257-266页

作者： Luchang Zhang Xingjian Ma Zhiyu Chen chunying wang Zicheng Liu Xiang Li Xiaoying Xing College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center Harbin150040China Heilongjiang Luobei Dulu River Wetland Nature Reserve Administration Hegang154200China Heilongjiang Taipinggou National Nature Reserve Administration Hegang154200China Dalian Environmental Monitoring Center Dalian116023China

Artificial nest boxes are placed to attract birds to nest and breed in a specific location,and they are widely used in avian ecology research and in the attraction of insectivorous birds.There is evidence that artificial nest boxes can adversely affect breeding fitness but no great focus has been placed on this issue by researchers.Therefore,we retrieved 321 research papers regarding artificial nest boxes published from 2003 to 2022 and used the'Biblioshiny'program to extract and integrate keywords;we then summarized the adverse effects of artificial nest boxes on avian breeding success.The studies highlighted many drawbacks and misuses in the designing and placement of nest boxes;furthermore,bird attraction was decreased by their inappropriate selection,thus reducing breeding success.Regarding nest box production,there were shortcomings in the construction material,color,smell,and structural design of the boxes used.Nest boxes were also placed at inappropriate densities,locations,orientations,heights,and managed incorrectly.Finally,we propose suggestions for more efficient and safer artificial nest boxes for future use in avian ecology research and bird conservation.

关键词： Artificial nest box Avian breeding Management Negative effect Nest box hanging Nest box location Nest box structure

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论西方外交官职业化的起源

浙江学刊 2024年第1期 231-238页

作者：王春英李靖外交学院外交学与外事管理系北京100037 四川外国语大学国际关系学院重庆400031

外交官职业化起源于欧洲,在15世纪意大利城市共和国出现了常驻使节,慢慢形成了外交等级制度。为提高忠诚度和效率,政府开始支付工资,雇佣秘书,对从业者进行培训,建立准入制度,初步实现外交官职业化。为了便利往来,逐步出现了有关礼仪、... 详细信息

外交官职业化起源于欧洲,在15世纪意大利城市共和国出现了常驻使节,慢慢形成了外交等级制度。为提高忠诚度和效率,政府开始支付工资,雇佣秘书,对从业者进行培训,建立准入制度,初步实现外交官职业化。为了便利往来,逐步出现了有关礼仪、位次等的惯例,这些惯例被国际会议认可,成为通行的外交规范。为了对派出去的外交官实施有效的管理,各国开始设立外交部,作为专职的外交管理部门,职业外交官制度也随之不断得到发展与完善。

关键词：职业外交官外交官职业化外交规范

Business Model Analysis of Shunxiang Hazelnut Planting Cooperative Using the Business Model Canvas

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Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 2023年第4期6卷 26-29页

作者： Jing Li chunying wang Department of Economic Management Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology UniversityJilin 132101Jilin ProvinceChina

Agricultural cooperatives serve as typical entities within the agricultural sector of China and encounter common representative challenges during their growth.This study employs the business model canvas theory to analyze the profit and business models of the Shunxiang Hazelnut Planting Cooperative while clarifying its ongoing developmental hurdles.By addressing pivotal concerns the paper puts forth branding suggestions and outlines future developmental directions.

关键词： Business model Business model canvas Shunxiang Hazelnut Planting Cooperative