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外来食肉类北美水貂在新疆阿勒泰地区的入侵及潜在影响探讨

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科学通报 2017年第4期62卷 279-288页

作者：黄元骏崔绍朋李娜李春旺蒋志刚中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

北美水貂(Neovison vison)引入至欧洲后,逃逸扩散至欧洲大部分地区.北美水貂对当地中小型动物构成危害,并可能携带病原,已被定性为入侵物种.近年新疆阿尔泰山南部的森林公园和自然保护区均有北美水貂记录,本课题组在阿勒泰野外考察中也... 详细信息

北美水貂(Neovison vison)引入至欧洲后,逃逸扩散至欧洲大部分地区.北美水貂对当地中小型动物构成危害,并可能携带病原,已被定性为入侵物种.近年新疆阿尔泰山南部的森林公园和自然保护区均有北美水貂记录,本课题组在阿勒泰野外考察中也发现了北美水貂.北美水貂在中国境外的阿尔泰山北部已有入侵种群,不排除中国境内的北美水貂为境外入侵.北美水貂为我国首种外来入侵的食肉类动物,为机会主义捕食者,受其影响的物种多.因而,预测北美水貂的潜在分布区,调查潜在受影响物种十分必要.本文从野外调查、潜在适生区、受影响物种及野生动物疫病等多个角度评估了北美水貂在我国的入侵风险.全球范围的适生区模拟显示,除原产地外,欧洲、中亚阿尔泰山地区及我国长江中下游流域亦为北美水貂的主要高适生区.北美水貂对当地特有水禽和鱼类的影响较大,应重点关注新疆地区特有小型鱼类.此外,我国和水貂生态位相似的欧亚水獭(Lutra lutra)、亚洲小爪水獭(Aonyx cinerea)、江獭(Lutrogale perspicillata)处境濒危,增加了北美水貂入侵的成功率.我国为水貂养殖大国,三大水貂疫病在我国均有暴发记录,且被证明可传染至野生动物,故应加强对国内毛皮兽养殖的生态安全评估.

关键词：北美水貂外来物种阿尔泰山适生区模拟野生动物疫病

Location of rut stands vs. mating opportunities in Przewalski＇s gazelle： A field test of the ＂Resource-based Hypothesis＂ and ＂Female Traffic Version of the Hotspot Hypothesis＂

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 701-708页

作者： Zhangqiang YOU Zhigang jiang chunwang LI Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Mianyang Normal University Sichuan 621000 China

We studied the mating tactics of Przewalski＇s gazelle on the Qinghal-Tibetan Plateau from 2002 to 2005. Przewalski＇s gazelle is a cluster mating animal whereby female groups, including juveniles, travel to and from their resting grounds along fixed routes and dominant males stand on or near these travel routes during rut. To explain rut patterns in male ga- zelles, we tested predictions arising from the ＂Resource-based Hypothesis＂ and ＂Female Traffic Version of the Hotspot Hypothe- sis＂. We marked the location of each rut stand and female travel route, measured food availability in each rut stand and recorded the mating opportunities of rut stand owners. We also conducted a field experiment to force female groups to change their daily travel route, and observed whether males abandon their original rut stands and shift their rut stands to new travel routes of females during the 3rdrut. We found that：（1） male gazelle defending rut stands closer to a female travel route had a higher chance of mat- ing; （2） food resources within rut stands had no effect on mating opportunities of the rut stand owner; （3） when the female travel route was obstructed, female groups changed grazing sites, and all males abandoned their original rut stands and defended new rut stands along the new female travel route. In conclusion, the location of rut stands in relation to female travel routes is the ultimate factor for consolidating mating opportunities in male gazelle, supporting the ＂Female Route Version of Hotspot Hypothesis

关键词： Procapra przewalskii Rut stand Hotspot hypothesis Mating opportunity Food availability

Effects of acute low temperature stress on the endocrine reactions of the Qinghai toad-headed lizard

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 775-780页

作者： chunwang LI Yuan GU Songhua TANG Hongxia FANG Guohua jiang Zhigang jiang Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Analytical and Testing Center Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Endoctinological action is generally thought to be a way for animals to respond to stress at low temperatures. To learn the role of hormones in ectotherms inhabiting alpine environments, we studied the effects of acute low temperature exposure on tile endocrinological reactions of Qinghai toad-headed lizards in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We monitored plasma corticos- terone and insulin concentration of the lizards under five low temperature treatments. We found no significant difference in plasma corticosterone or insulin in lizards among our five different treatments. For males and females the correlation between plasma corticosterone and insulin concentrations was not significant. In contrast to other studies on reptiles at low altitude, we suggest that due to the alpine environment （low temperature and low oxygen concentration） they inhabit, Qinghai toad-headed lizards respond to experimental cold stress slightly to mobilize energy and live their vivid life. In addition, corticosterone and insulin of Qinghai toad-headed lizards are secreted independently along with low temperature treatments

关键词： Adrenal gland Alpine environment Cold stress Pancreas Phrynocephalus vlangalii, Qinghai toad-headed agamids

Impacts of grassland fence on the behavior and habitat area of the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle around the Qinghai Lake

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第17期58卷 2262-2268页

作者： YOU ZhangQiang jiang ZhiGang LI chunwang MALLON David Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Mianyang Normal University Antelope Specialist Group SSCIUCN/Dept of BiologyChemistry and Health ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M1 5GDUK

The trend of fencing grassland as livestock paddocks is spreading on the Eurasian steppe,however,its impacts on grassland wildlife are little *** order to explore such impacts,we carried out a field study on how grassland fencing impacts Przewalski's gazelle(Procapra przewalskii),a species listed as EN(Endangered) by SSC/IUCN,on the Qinghai-Tibet *** results revealed that(1) in the fenced areas,daily movement distance of Przewalski's gazelle was 5081±1187 m(Hudong-Ketu) and 4110±912 m(Yuanzhe),which was much shorter than the 7223±546 m recorded in an unfenced area(Kuaierma);(2) the feeding bout duration of Przewalski's gazelle was much shorter in the fenced habitat;(3) the frequency of walking along both high or low fence lines reached about 81%;while the frequency of jumping across the low fence line was only about 1.2% and frequency of crawling through the bottom of the high fence lines was about 17.8%;(4) the size of post-fencing habitat decreased to about 20% and 6% of the sizes of pre-fencing habitat in Hudong-Ketu and Yuanzhe areas respectively,but no clear change in the size of habitat area was found in the unfenced Kuaierma area;and(5) the fence lines impaired the possibility of gazelles to escape from predators and occasionally trapped the Przewalski's gazelle which failed to jump over the fence *** occurrence of Przewalski's gazelle in the intensively fenced area,including gazelles strangled by fence lines and predated by wolves,reached 5% of the population size in Yuanzhe and up to 15%-20% in *** study highlights the negative impacts of grassland fencing on Przewalski's gazelle and proposes measures for integrating conservation of this gazelle with livestock management practice.

关键词：草原围栏普氏原羚栖息地面积濒危青海湖行为野生动物

No correlation between neonatal fitness and heterozygosity in a reintroduced population of P^re David＇s deer

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 249-256页

作者： Yan ZENG chunwang LI Linyuan ZHANG Zhenyu ZHONG Zhigang jiang Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 1 O0101 China Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center Beijing 100076 China

Considering the severe impacts of genetic bottlenecks and small numbers of founders in populations of reintroduced animals, it is necessary to study inbreeding and its effect on fitness in species of conservation concern. Pere David＇s deer is one of few large mammal species extinct in the wild but safely preserved in captivity. Its specific background gives us the opportunity to study the relationships between heterozygosity and neonatal fitness in relocated populations. We employed five microsatellite loci to explore heterozygosity-fitness correlations in a population of Pere David＇s deer at the Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center. We observed associations between microsatellite-based variables sMLH, IR, MD^2 and HL, and two components of fitness ex- pressed early in life （birth weight and the neonatal mortality of 123 Pere David＇s deer calves born over six consecutive years）. We found that neonatal mortality was 19.1% - 7.6%, not higher than the 19% or 18% reported in other ungulates. The heterozygosity of calves was not associated with neonatal mortality, nor birth weight. Our study implies that low genetic variability of microsa- l：ellite loci has no overt effect on birth weight and neonatal mortality in reintroduced populations of P^re David＇s deer [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 249-256, 2013].

关键词： Elaphurus davidianus Birth weight Neonatal mortality Founder effect Inbreeding depression

Diet, Food Intake of Phrynocephalus frontalis (Agamidae) and Its Potential Role in Desert Habitat

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第4期4卷 248-253页

作者： chunwang LI Xue LIAN Songhua TANG Junhuai BI Zhigang jiang Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Science Inner Mongolia Normal University

We examined the dietary diversity and food intake of Phrynocephalus frontalis, compared the difference of insect diversity in the natural habitats with different lizard densities, and discussed the potential role of this lizard in the desert ecosystem. The results show that：（1） arthropodans of the orders Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera were major dietary components of P. frontalis; （2） coleoptera larvae always formed the predominant component of lizard diets; （3） dietary diversities of P. frontalis were not significantly different between summer and autumn or between the two sexes; （4） the similarity in trophic niches between seasons was 0.756, whereas the similarity in trophic niches between sexes was 0.994; （5） stomach content weight of lizards varied significantly among different seasons, but there was no significant difference in stomach content weight between sexes; （6） insect diversity differed significantly among the groups of the habitat with different degrees of lizard density, and the habitat with moderate lizards density had the highest insect diversity. We infer that P. frontalis prey mainly on insects and change their diet and food intake with season; males and females consumed similar preys in types and weights. As an important predator, P. frontalis could affect the insect community in the arid ecosystem of Hunshandak Desert on the Mongolian Plateau.

关键词： Toad-headed lizard desert lizard feeding habits prey diversity desert grassland

Biogeographical patterns of the diet of Palearctic badger:Is badger an earthworm specialist predator?

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第17期58卷 2255-2261页

作者： LI Feng LUO ZhenHua LI ChunLin LI chunwang jiang ZhiGang Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Badgers were hypothesized as an earthworm specialist *** reviewed spatial patterns and food habits of the Eurasian badger(Meles spp.) in relation to geographical variables like latitude,elevation,aspects,and environmental variables,such as temperature,snow cover depth,precipitation,primary productivity,and human *** relative frequencies of occurrence of food items in the diets of badgers in 19 studies across 22 localities worldwide were included in the analysis plus the data from our study on the badger diet on the Qinghai-Tibetan *** component analysis(PCA) was used to extract the main components of dietary *** regression analysis was applied to reveal the relationship between trophic diversity and the main PCA factors and biogeographical *** found a clear latitudinal gradient in the dietary composition of badgers,which was characterized by a greater consumption of insects and reptile in southern area and a higher intake of earthworm in northern ***,badgers are not an earthworm specialist ***,trophic diversity of badger diets was significantly positively correlated with latitude and human *** and availability of foods appear to determine badger foraging *** are adept in exploiting local resources and our results confirm that badgers are generalist predators with opportunistic foraging behavior across their entire distribution range.

关键词：饮食习惯生物地理蚯蚓捕食地理格局专家獾主成分分析

Effects of Sand Grain Size on Habitat Selection in Steppe Toad-headed Lizard(Phrynocephalus frontalis)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2017年第2期18卷 123-130页

作者： Shengnan JI Xue LIAN Zhigang jiang Lili LI Junhuai BI chunwang LI Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Science Inner Mongolia Normal University College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

To understand the effects of sand grain size on habitat selection, we conducted a field study on the steppe toad-headed lizard in Hunshandake Desert northern China. Methods of mark-recapture and transect survey were used to investigate the density of steppe toad-headed lizards and the environmental variables. The comparison on lizard densities among the habitats with different environmental factors revealed that： 1） population density of the steppe toad-headed lizard differed significantly among the habitats with different sand grain size indexes（SGSIs, representing roughness of sand substrate）： the highest lizard density was found in the group with an SGSI of 〉 0.30, whereas the lowest density was found in the group with an SGSI of 0–0.15; and 2） vegetation cover, soil moisture, invertebrate diversity index, and abundance had no significant effects on the lizard density. These results implied that the sand grain size was the most important determinant of habitat selection for steppe toad-headed lizards in Hunshandake Desert. Steppe toad-headed lizards could avoid structural habitats that have negative effects on their maximal sprinting capabilities. Considering the changing sand grain size in the development phase of sand dunes, the sand lizard could be used as an indicator of the process of desertification.

关键词： habitat preference agama lizard sand substrate desert grassland

Expression And Clinical Significance of Glucose Regulated Proteins GRP78 And GRP94 in Human Colon Cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2010年第1期22卷 42-48页

作者： Ming-hua Liu Meng-chunwang Na Gao Yan Li Wei-guo jiang Department of Gastroenterology Department of pathology Shengjing Hospital China Medical University Shenyang 110004 China Endoscopy Center Liaoning Tumour Hospital Shenyang 110000 China

Objective： To investigate the expression of glucose regulated proteins GRP78 and GRP94 in human colon cancer. Methods： Tissues of resected primary colon cancer, colon adenoma and normal tissue were investigated. Protein expression was detected with immunohistochemical staining, mRNA expression levels of GRP78 and GRP94 were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） after mRNA extraction. Results： The expression of GRP94 and GRP78 was significantly higher in colon cancer when compared to those in colon adenoma and normal tissue （P〈0.01）. GRP94 mRNA and protein expression was found to be in close relationship with the grade of differentiation, Dukes stages, lymph node involvement and remote metastasis in colon cancer （P〈0.01）, but no relationship with gender and age （P〉0.05）. GRP78 mRNA and protein expression increased with cancer progression along the normal tissue-adenoma-cancer sequence, but showed no association with grade of differentiation, Dukes stages, lymph node involvement, remote metastasis, gender and age （P〉0.05）. The mRNA expression of GRP78 and GRP94 was consistent with the proteins （P〈0.01）, but there is no correlation between overexpression of GRP78 and GRP94 （P〉0.05）, and the patients with both strong GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression did not show advanced tumor stages （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Overexpression of GRP78 and GRP94 was found in colon cancer. Overexpression of GRP94 was closely related to cellular differentiation, Dukes stages, invasion and metastasis.

关键词： Colon cancer GRP78 GRP94 Colon adenoma Dukes stages Metastasis