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Mpox(formerly monkeypox):pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 234-248页

作者： Junjie Lu Hui Xing chunhua Wang Mengjun Tang Changcheng Wu Fan Ye Lijuan yin Yang Yang Wenjie Tan Liang Shen Xiangyang Central Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceHubei ProvinceXiangyang 441021China NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin 300457China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity National Clinical Research Center for infectious diseaseState Key Discipline of Infectious DiseaseShenzhen Third People’s HospitalSecond Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518112China

In 2022,a global outbreak of Mpox(formerly monkeypox)occurred in various countries across Europe and America and rapidly spread to more than 100 countries and regions.The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern due to the rapid spread of the Mpox virus.Consequently,nations intensified their efforts to explore treatment strategies aimed at combating the infection and its dissemination.Nevertheless,the available therapeutic options for Mpox virus infection remain limited.So far,only a few numbers of antiviral compounds have been approved by regulatory authorities.Given the high mutability of the Mpox virus,certain mutant strains have shown resistance to existing pharmaceutical interventions.This highlights the urgent need to develop novel antiviral drugs that can combat both drug resistance and the potential threat of bioterrorism.Currently,there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of Mpox.To address this issue,we conducted a review covering the physiological and pathological processes of Mpox infection,summarizing the latest progress of anti-Mpox drugs.Our analysis encompasses approved drugs currently employed in clinical settings,as well as newly identified small-molecule compounds and antibody drugs displaying potential antiviral efficacy against Mpox.Furthermore,we have gained valuable insights from the process of Mpox drug development,including strategies for repurposing drugs,the discovery of drug targets driven by artificial intelligence,and preclinical drug development.The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on Mpox.

关键词： prevention treatment intensified

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Image-Based Flow Prediction of Vocal Folds Using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 991-1002页

作者： Yang Zhang Tianmei Pu Jiasen Xu chunhua Zhou College of Astronautics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China College of Electrical Energy and Power EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225127China College of Aeronautics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China

In this work,a three dimensional(3D)convolutional neural network(CNN)model based on image slices of various normal and pathological vocal folds is proposed for accurate and efficient prediction of glottal flows.The 3D CNN model is composed of the feature extraction block and regression block.The feature extraction block is capable of learning low dimensional features from the high dimensional image data of the glottal shape,and the regression block is employed to flatten the output from the feature extraction block and obtain the desired glottal flow data.The input image data is the condensed set of 2D image slices captured in the axial plane of the 3D vocal folds,where these glottal shapes are synthesized based on the equations of normal vibration modes.The output flow data is the corresponding flow rate,averaged glottal pressure and nodal pressure distributions over the glottal surface.The 3D CNN model is built to establish the mapping between the input image data and output flow data.The ground-truth flow variables of each glottal shape in the training and test datasets are obtained by a high-fidelity sharp-interface immersed-boundary solver.The proposed model is trained to predict the concerned flow variables for glottal shapes in the test set.The present 3D CNN model is more efficient than traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)models while the accuracy can still be retained,and more powerful than previous data-driven prediction models because more details of the glottal flow can be provided.The prediction performance of the trained 3D CNN model in accuracy and efficiency indicates that this model could be promising for future clinical applications.

关键词： Vocal folds Computational fluid dynamics Machine learning 3D convolutional neural network

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Multimodal Data-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Operational Decision-Making in Industrial Processes

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 252-254页

作者： Chenliang Liu Yalin Wang chunhua Yang Weihua Gui the School of Automation Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China IEEE

Dear Editor, This letter proposes a multimodal data-driven reinforcement learning-based method for operational decision-making in industrial processes. Due to the frequent fluctuations of feedstock properties and operating conditions in the industrial processes, existing data-driven methods cannot effectively adjust the operational variables. In addition, multimodal data such as images, audio.

关键词： processes modal adjust

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Mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control lie at the heart of subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 825-832页

作者： Jiatong Zhang Qi Zhu Jie Wang Zheng Peng Zong Zhuang chunhua Hang Wei Li Department of Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing University Department of Neurosurgery Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing Medical University

The dramatic increase in intracranial pressure after subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure and a reduction in cerebral blood flow.Mitochondria are directly affected by direct factors such as ischemia,hypoxia,excitotoxicity,and toxicity of free hemoglobin and its degradation products,which trigger mitochondrial dysfunction.Dysfunctional mitochondria release large amounts of reactive oxygen species,inflammatory mediators,and apoptotic proteins that activate apoptotic pathways,further damaging cells.In response to this array of damage,cells have adopted multiple mitochondrial quality control mechanisms through evolution,including mitochondrial protein quality control,mitochondrial dynamics,mitophagy,mitochondrial biogenesis,and intercellular mitochondrial transfer,to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions.Specific interventions targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for subarachnoid hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of recent research advances in mitochondrial pathophysiological processes after subarachnoid hemorrhage,particularly mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.It also presents potential therapeutic strategies to target mitochondrial quality control in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

关键词： mitochondrial biogenesis mitochondrial dynamics mitochondrial dysfunction mitochondrial fission and fusion mitochondrial quality control mitophagy subarachnoid hemorrhage

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A Novel Sensing Imaging Equipment Under Extremely Dim Light for Blast Furnace Burden Surface:Starlight High-Temperature Industrial Endoscope

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 893-906页

作者： Zhipeng Chen Xinyi Wang Weihua Gui Jilin Zhu chunhua Yang Zhaohui Jiang The authors are with the School of Automation Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Blast furnace(BF)burden surface contains the most abundant,intuitive and credible smelting information and acquiring high-definition and high-brightness optical images of which is essential to realize precise material charging control,optimize gas flow distribution and improve ironmaking efficiency.It has been challengeable to obtain high-quality optical burden surface images under high-temperature,high-dust,and extremelydim(less than 0.001 Lux)environment.Based on a novel endoscopic sensing detection idea,a reverse telephoto structure starlight imaging system with large field of view and large aperture is designed.Combined with a water-air dual cooling intelligent self-maintenance protection device and the imaging system,a starlight high-temperature industrial endoscope is developed to obtain clear optical burden surface images stably under the harsh environment.Based on an endoscope imaging area model,a material flow trajectory model and a gas-dust coupling distribution model,an optimal installation position and posture configuration method for the endoscope is proposed,which maximizes the effective imaging area and ensures large-area,safe and stable imaging of the device in a confined space.Industrial experiments and applications indicate that the proposed method obtains clear and reliable large-area optical burden surface images and reveals new BF conditions,providing key data support for green iron smelting.

关键词： Blast furnace(BF) burden surface extremely dim light industrial endoscope sensing imaging starlight

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Adaptive observer-based integral event-triggered antivibration control of a full aircraft active landing gear system with irregular runway excitations

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 248-261页

作者： Wenxiao HU Chenglong DU Fanbiao LI Xinmin CHEN chunhua YANG Weihua GUI School of Automation Central South University Research Center in System Engineering for Special Aircrafts Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences

This study addresses the antivibration issue of a full aircraft active landing gear system(LGS)under landing impact and runway excitations via a novel adaptive observer-based integral event-triggered control method. First, a full aircraft active LGS comprising a front gear and two synchronized main left and right gears with active suspensions is established, where the information exchange among them is not implemented directly. Second, two adaptive observers are designed separately for the front and main LGSs to identify the varying damping parameters and estimate the system states simultaneously. Third, estimated states are transmitted to a shared network through a novel integral event-triggered mechanism(I-ETM);thus, the front and main LGSs are interconnected, and a networked control scheme for the aircraft LGS is constructed. Additionally, the integrated active control law is designed with the aid of the transmitted states of the front and main LGSs, enhancing the robustness against the pitch vibration of the aircraft.Furthermore, the L2-stability of the hybrid system is guaranteed to depress the vertical vibration effect of the landing impact and irregular runway excitations, thus improving passenger safety and comfort. Moreover,a codesign method is provided to obtain feasible solutions to the gain matrices of the observers and controllers simultaneously. Simulation and comparison results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme in antivibration and saving communication resources.

关键词： aircraft active landing gear antivibration control integral event-triggered mechanism adaptive observer ${\mathcal{L}}_2$-stability

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Small extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate spinal cord injury via miR-146a-5p-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2259-2269页

作者： Zeyan Liang Zhelun Yang Haishu Xie Jian Rao Xiongjie Xu Yike Lin chunhua Wang Chunmei Chen Department of Neurosurgery Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Fujian Neurosurgical Institute FuzhouFujian ProvinceChina

Spinal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment options.Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles(SEVs)secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)help mediate the beneficial effects conferred by MSC transplantation following spinal cord injury.Strikingly,hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived SEVs(HSEVs)exhibit increased therapeutic potency.We thus explored the role of HSEVs in macrophage immune regulation after spinal cord injury in rats and their significance in spinal cord repair.SEVs or HSEVs were isolated from bone marrow MSC supernatants by density gradient ultracentrifugation.HSEV administration to rats via tail vein injection after spinal cord injury reduced the lesion area and attenuated spinal cord inflammation.HSEVs regulate macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro.Micro RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of SEVs and HSEVs revealed that mi R-146a-5p is a potent mediator of macrophage polarization that targets interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1.Reducing mi R-146a-5p expression in HSEVs partially attenuated macrophage polarization.Our data suggest that HSEVs attenuate spinal cord inflammation and injury in rats by transporting mi R-146a-5p,which alters macrophage polarization.This study provides new insights into the application of HSEVs as a therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury.

关键词： bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells hypoxia preconditioning interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 macrophages mesenchymal stem cells small extracellular vesicles spinal cord injury

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Gp130-dependent STAT3 activation in M-CSF-derived macrophages exaggerates tumor progression

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 51-54页

作者： Yuting Xu Xiaoyu Xu Qianyue Zhang Peizhe Lu Chongjun Xiang Lei Zhang chunhua Lin Qiaoling Song Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266003China College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266071China Department of Neuroscience University of MichiganAnn ArborM/48103USA Department of Urology The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao UniversityYantaiShandong 264000China Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao UniversityJinanShandong 250014China Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening&Evaluation Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266100China

Interleukin-6(IL-6)is a common pluripotent cytokine that is highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment.The IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling directly promotes tumor progression,severely hampering antitumor immunity.Macrophages,the richest innate immune cells within the tumor microenvironment,manipulate tumor progression via phenotypic plasticity.

关键词： STAT3 tumor Interleukin

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A novel integrated microfluidic chip for on-demand electrostatic droplet charging and sorting

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 31-42页

作者： Jinhui Yao chunhua He Jianxin Wang Canfeng Yang Ye Jiang Zhiyong Liu Guanglan Liao Tielin Shi State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

On-demand droplet sorting is extensively applied for the efficient manipulation and genome-wide analysis of individual cells.However,state-of-the-art microfluidic chips for droplet sorting still suffer from low sorting speeds,sample loss,and labor-intensive preparation procedures.Here,we demonstrate the development of a novel microfluidic chip that integrates droplet generation,on-demand electrostatic droplet charging,and high-throughput sorting.The charging electrode is a copper wire buried above the nozzle of the microchannel,and the deflecting electrode is the phosphate buffered saline in the microchannel,which greatly simplifies the structure and fabrication process of the chip.Moreover,this chip is capable of high-frequency droplet generation and sorting,with a frequency of 11.757 kHz in the drop state.The chip completes the selective charging process via electrostatic induction during droplet generation.On-demand charged microdroplets can arbitrarilymove to specific exit channels in a three-dimensional(3D)-deflected electric field,which can be controlled according to user requirements,and the flux of droplet deflection is thereby significantly enhanced.Furthermore,a lossless modification strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of droplet deflection or harvest rate from 97.49% to 99.38% by monitoring the frequency of droplet generation in real time and feeding it back to the charging signal.This chip has great potential for quantitative processing and analysis of single cells for elucidating cell-to-cell variations.

关键词： Copper wire Droplet generation Droplet sorting Microfluidic chips On-demand charging

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Low-viscosity oligoether esters(OEEs)as high-efficiency lubricating oils:Insight on their structure‒lubricity relationship

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1133-1153页

作者： Hanwen WANG ying WANG Ping WEN Lin MA Mingjin FAN Rui DONG chunhua ZHANG Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry College of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringBaoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji 721013China Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Development and Application of New Transportation Energy Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China

Development of energy-efficient lubricants is a way to reduce energy consumption for transportation,with the tendency to design molecules that are beneficial in reducing the viscosity of synthetic oils.Oligoether esters(OEEs),as a low-viscosity ester base oil,have characteristics such as simple synthesis and excellent lubrication effect;however,the application of OEEs in tribology field has rarely been investigated.The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of structure on the lubricating performance of OEEs and to develop a predictive model for OEEs based on quantitative structure‒property relationship(QSPR)through a combination of experiment and statistical modeling.Results showed that glycol chains contribute positively to lubrication with the ether functional groups increasing the sites of adsorption.Compared to branched-chain OEEs,straight-chain OEEs exhibited reduced wear,which was mainly due to the thicker adsorption film formed by the straight-chain structure.Furthermore,carbon films were detected on lightly worn surfaces,indicating that OEEs underwent oxidation during the friction process.Based on the results of principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least squares(PLS),it could be found that the predictive models of viscosity‒temperature performance,thermal stability performance,coefficient of friction(COF),and wear volume(WV)performed well and robustly.Among them,COF and WV can be best predicted with an R2 of about 0.90.

关键词： oligoether esters(OEEs) low-viscosity ester friction wear quantitative structure-property relationship(QSPR)

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