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How Do Patients and Providers React to Different Incentives in the Chinese Multiple Health Security Systems？

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第5期128卷 632-637页

作者： Chun-yu Zhang Hideki Hashimoto Department of Health Reform and Development China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China Department of Health and Social Behavior School of Public Health The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan

Background：China has achieved universal health insurance coverage.This study examined how patients and hospitals react to the different designs of the plans and to monitoring of patients by the local authority in the Chinese multiple health security schemes.Methods：The sample for analysis consisted of 1006 orthopedic inpatients who were admitted between January and December 2011 at a tertiary teaching hospital located in Beijing.We conducted general linear regression analyses to investigate whether medical expenditure and length of stay differed according to the different incentives.Results：Patients under plans with lower copayment rates consumed significantly more medication compared with those under plans with higher copayment rates.Under plans with an annual ceiling for insurance coverage,patients spent significantly more in the second half of the year than in the first half of the year.The length of stay was shorter among patients when there were government monitoring and a penalty to the hospital service provider.Conclusions：Our results indicate that the different designs and monitoring of the health security systems in China cause opportunistic behavior by patients and providers.Reformation is necessary to reduce those incentives,and improve equity and efficiency in healthcare use.

关键词： Different Behaviors Financial Incentives Government Monitoring Multiple Systems

Proteomics Study of Benzene Metabolite Hydroquinone Induced Hematotoxicity in K562 Cells

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期37卷 341-353页

作者： JIN Yi Shan YI Zong chun zhang yu Jing RONG Long yu chun Hong School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Engineering Medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Objective Hydroquinone(HQ),one of the phenolic metabolites of benzene,is widely recognized as an important participant in benzene-induced hematotoxicity.However,there are few relevant proteomics in HQ-induced hematotoxicity and the mechanism hasn’t been fully understood yet.Methods In this study,we treated K562 cells with 40μmol/L HQ for 72 h,examined and validated protein expression changes by Label-free proteomic analysis and Parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and performed bioinformatics analysis to identify interaction networks.Results One hundred and eighty-seven upregulated differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)and 279 downregulated DEPs were identified in HQ-exposed K562 cells,which were involved in neutrophilmediated immunity,blood microparticle,and other GO terms,as well as the lysosome,metabolic,cell cycle,and cellular senescence-related pathways.Focusing on the 23 DEGs and 5 DEPs in erythroid differentiation-related pathways,we constructed the network of protein interactions and determined 6 DEPs(STAT1,STAT3,CASP3,KIT,STAT5B,and VEGFA)as main hub proteins with the most interactions,among which STATs made a central impact and may be potential biomarkers of HQ-induced hematotoxicity.Conclusion Our work reinforced the use of proteomics and bioinformatic approaches to advance knowledge on molecular mechanisms of HQ-induced hematotoxicity at the protein level and provide a valuable basis for further clarification.

关键词： Hydroquinone Proteomics Hematotoxicity K562 cells

Splitting of Operators and Operator Equations

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2023年第6期39卷 1085-1100页

作者： chun yuan DENG Wan yu zhang School of Mathematics Science South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631P.R.China

In this paper,we consider the splitting operators into the product of two positive operators.For given operators A and T∈B(H)with A≥0 and R(A)=R(T),if T can be splitted as T=AX for some positive operator X,then the existence of X and the properties of T are studied.The related research are the solutions of operator equations T=XAX and TX=XAX,which have some particular properties and broad applications in many fields.The conditions for the existence of solutions or idempotent solutions of these kinds of equations are studied and new representations of the general solutions are given.

关键词： Projection positive operator operator equation Moore-Penrose inverse

Ni(acac)_(2)Mediated Vinyl Polymerization of Norbornene in the Presence of Bulky Salicylaldiminate Ligands:An Effective Strategy to Access Soluble Polynorbornenes

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第3期41卷 356-364,I0006页

作者： Liang Fang Chun-yu Zhang Xue-Quan zhang Xian-De Shen Heng Liu Toyoji Kakuchi Research Center for Polymer Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringChangchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130022China Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-PlasticsQingdao University of Science&TechnologyQingdao 266061China Division of Applied Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido 060-8628Japan

Late transition metals have long served as workhorses for vinyl polymerization of norbornene derivatives.Nevertheless,for such catalytic systems,insoluble polynorbornene(PNB)products are often produced which hampers their further detailed characterizations,such as molecular weights,polydispersities,stereoregularities,etc.In this work,we surprisingly found that for a traditional Ni(acac)_(2)/MAO system that was previously reported to give insoluble PNBs,incorporation of highly bulk salicylaldiminate ligands could significantly improve the solubility of the PNBs in common organic solvents,which allowed for subsequent thorough detailed analysis of the polymer products.Moreover,it was also observed that high-temperature polymerization was beneficial for further improving the PNB’s solubilities due to the decreased molecular weights and stereoregularities.Different ligand skeletons and ligand equivalents were also investigated to give a comprehensive view of their influences on the polymers’solubilities,and based on these results,a plausible mechanism that caused such a big difference was tentatively proposed.

关键词： Polynorbornene Salicylaldiminate ligand Vinyl polymerization

Functional Cellulose Materials Fabricated by Using Ionic Liquids as the Solvent

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第4期41卷 483-499,I0005页

作者： Yi-Rong Wang chun-chun Yin Jin-Ming zhang Jin Wu Jian yu Jun zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China College of Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Cellulose is one of the most abundant natural polymers in the nature,which has many attractive advantages,such as renewability,biodegradability,and biocompatibility.However,due to the strong hydrogen bond network and hierarchical structure,cellulose is extremely difficult to be dissolved and processed.More recently,a class of novel eco-friendly solvents,ionic liquids,have been found to be able to efficiently dissolve cellulose,providing a versatile platform for cellulose processing and functionalization.Herein,we highlight recent advances in efficiently fabricating functional cellulose derivatives via the homogeneous chemical modification and developing all-biomass materials via controlling the dissolution-regeneration process in ionic liquids.The effective and environmentally-friendly utilization of cellulose not only reduces dependence on fossil resources but also protects the environment.

关键词： Cellulose Ionic liquids Homogeneous modification Functional materials Cellulose derivatives

Battery aging-minimal speed control of autonomous heavy-duty electric trucks in adaptation to highway topography and traffic

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第10期66卷 2942-2957页

作者： zhang YongZhi WANG chun yu QuanQing ZHENG Ling College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringZigong 643000China School of Automotive Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai 264209China

The development of battery electric(BE)heavy-duty trucks(HDTs)is highly limited to the short cycling life of batteries.In this paper,we propose a battery aging-conscious control strategy for extended battery life by optimizing the speed trajectory of BE HDT.A state-space model is constructed by connecting the vehicle dynamics and battery state of charge,and a mechanism-based aging model of battery is then introduced to formulate the optimization problem for minimal battery aging and energy consumption.The optimization problem is solved within a model predictive control framework for the real-time speed control of the vehicle.A non-cooperative platooning controller is further developed for the vehicle in adaptation to the traffic,where the intervehicular distance is controlled for reducing the air drag coefficient so that both the energy consumption and battery aging are improved.Simulation results show that for the single-vehicle controller,the battery degradation and energy consumption are,respectively,reduced by up to 25.7%and 3.2%compared with the cruise control strategy.Based on the non-cooperative controller,the HDT is able to follow preceding vehicles with different parameters with battery aging and energy consumption further,respectively,reduced by 2%–5%and 9%–10%compared with those of the single-vehicle controller.

关键词： electric trucks speed trajectory planning battery aging model predictive control non-cooperative platooning

Mechanical Force Remodeling the Adult Brain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第5期39卷 877-879页

作者： Chen zhang Shuai Liu Yong-chun yu Qingjian Han State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

The interactions between neural stem cells(NSCs)and their niche are essential for their maintenance,proliferation,differentiation,and migration,which contribute to brain plasticity,learning and memory,and cognition[1].As one of the key components of the NSC niche,astrocytes are vital in regulating the processes underlying brain development such as neuro-/gliogenesis,angiogenesis,axonal outgrowth,synaptogenesis,and synaptic pruning[2].Chemical and electrical signals mediated by adhesion molecules,the extracellular matrix,paracrine secretion.

关键词： vital maintenance migration

Highly Efficient and Thermal Robust Cobalt Complexes for 1,3-Butadiene Polymerization

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第11期40卷 1369-1379页

作者： Liang Fang Wen-Peng Zhao Chun-yu Zhang Xue-Quan zhang Xian-De Shen Heng Liu Toyoji Kakuchi Research Center for Polymer Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringChangchun University of Science and TechnologyJilin130022China Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-PlasticsQingdao University of Science&TechnologyQingdao266061China Division of Applied Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido060-8628Japan

A family of highly bulky bis(salicylaldiminate)Co(Ⅱ)complexes bearing cavity-like conformations are disclosed herein.Due to their unique bulky nature around the cobalt atoms that are reflected from space-filling models and the buried volume percentages,obviously longer bond distances of Co―N and Co―O are revealed from those complexes.Moreover,because of these well-protected active species,the cobalt complexes are able to catalyze 1,3-butadiene polymerization in high yields at extreme low catalyst concentrations,revealing a ultra high catalytic efficiency.At a ratio of 50000,all the complexes can afford polybutadiene with yields higher than 90%.Furthermore,the highly steric bulkiness of the ligand can also significantly enhance the thermostability of the active species.At temperature of 80-120°C,the complexes are able to successfully maintain high activities,giving polymer yields up to 90%.

关键词： Butadiene polymerization Bis(salicylaldiminate)Co(Ⅱ)complexes Ultra high catalytic efficiency

An Inertial Semi-forward-reflected-backward Splitting and Its Application

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2022年第2期38卷 443-464页

作者： chun Xiang ZONG yu Chao TANG Guo Feng zhang School of Mathematics and Statistics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000.P.R.China Department of Mathematics Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031P.R.China

Inertial methods play a vital role in accelerating the convergence speed of optimization algorithms.This work is concerned with an inertial semi-forward-reflected-backward splitting algorithm of approaching the solution of sum of a maximally monotone operator,a cocoercive operator and a monotone-Lipschitz continuous operator.The theoretical convergence properties of the proposed iterative algorithm are also presented under mild conditions.More importantly,we use an adaptive stepsize rule in our algorithm to avoid calculating Lipschitz constant,which is generally unknown or difficult to estimate in practical applications.In addition,a large class of composite monotone inclusion problem involving mixtures of linearly composed and parallel-sum type monotone operators is solved by combining the primal-dual approach and our proposed algorithm.As a direct application,the obtained inertial algorithm is exploited to composite convex optimization problem and some numerical experiments on image deblurring problem are also investigated to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Operator splitting inertial scheme composite monotone inclusions composite convex optimization total variation