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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2012年第3期21卷 297-315页

作者： lei ZHU Xiao-Bing ZHANG Ying fan Center for Energy & Environmental Policy Research Institute of Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Department of Economics University of Gothenburg SE 40530 G teborg Sweden

With the world talking about climate change, the United States （U.S.）, China and India have announced their carbon emission reduction targets. For these three countries to achieve their targets, significant questions arise, shch as what will be the annual emission reduction efforts to achieve those targets, how much it would cost and what would be the economic effects. This paper puts the carbon intensity reduction targets of China and India together with the absolute emission reduction target of the U.S. into the same non-linear model to quantitatively study the optimal emission control strategies and associated total cost for achieving those targets by the year 2020, and estimate and compare the minimized total costs of the three countries to reach their targets. Our results show that the total cost for the U.S. to achieve its emission reduction target is greater than those of China and India in terms of absolute amount. However, in terms of proportion of total cost to GDP, China and India＇s ratios are significantly greater than that of the U.S., indicating that for the developing countries such as China and India, the achievement of emission reduction targets needs relatively greater effort.

关键词： Emission reduction cost analysis emission reduction strategy optimization model

Iterative and accurate determination of small angle X-ray scattering background

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2016年第5期27卷 109-113页

作者： Geng Wang Li-Feng Xu Jian-lei Shen Guang-Bao Yao Zhi-lei Ge Wen-Qin Li chun-Hai fan Gang Chen Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China Division of Physical Biology Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China

X-ray scattering is widely used in material structural *** weak scattering nature,however,makes it susceptible to background noise and can consequently render the final results *** this paper,we report an iterative method to determine X-ray scattering background and demonstrate its feasibility by small angle X-ray scattering on gold *** method solely relies on the correct structural modeling of the sample to separate scattering signal from background in data fitting processes,which allows them to be immune from experimental *** importance of accurate determination of the scaling factor for background subtraction is also illustrated.

关键词：小角X射线散射迭代方法精确测定背景噪声数据拟合结构建模不确定性准确测定

On fine-grained visual explanation in convolutional neural networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第5期9卷 1141-1147页

作者： Xia lei Yongkai fan Xiong-Lin Luo Department of Automation China University of Petroleum BejingBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication Communication University of ChinaBeijing100024China

Existing explanation methods for Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)lack the pixel-level visualization explanations to generate the reliable fine-grained decision *** there are inconsistencies between the explanation and the actual behavior of the model to be interpreted,we propose a Fine-Grained Visual Explanation for CNN,namely F-GVE,which produces a fine-grained explanation with higher consistency to the decision of the original *** exact backward class-specific gradients with respect to the input image is obtained to highlight the object-related pixels the model used to make *** addition,for better visualization and less noise,F-GVE selects an appropriate threshold to filter the gradient during the calculation and the explanation map is obtained by element-wise multiplying the gradient and the input image to show fine-grained classification decision *** results demonstrate that F-GVE has good visual performances and highlights the importance of fine-grained decision ***,the faithfulness of the explanation in this paper is high and it is effective and practical on troubleshooting and debugging detection.

关键词： Convolutional neural network Explanation Class-specific gradient Fine-grained

Anelasticity of twinned CuO nanowires

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Nano Research 2015年第11期8卷 3687-3693页

作者： Huaping Sheng He Zheng fan Cao Shujing Wu lei Li chun Liu Dongshan Zhao Jianbo Wang School of Physics and Technology Center for Electron Microscopy and MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

The mechanical behavior of CuO nanowires （NWs） was investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy. During compression, the NWs exhibited high bending capabilities associated with high mechanical stress. Interestingly, anelasticity was consistently observed after stress release. Further investigations indicate that the anelasticity is intrinsic to the CuO NWs, although electron- beam irradiation was proved capable of accelerating the shape recovery. A mechanism based on the cooperative motion of twin-associated atoms is proposed to account for this phenomenon. The results provide insight into the mechanical properties of CuO NWs, which are promising materials for nanoscale damping systems.

关键词： CuO anelasticity nanowire shape recovery twin

A surface engineering strategy for the stabilization of zinc metal anodes with montmorillonite layers toward long-life rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 94-105页

作者： Wenbo Wang Ruifeng Xu Xu Zhang Peiyu Wang Bao Yang Bingjun Yang Juan Yang Kailimai Su Pengjun Ma Yanan Deng Xianfeng fan Wanjun Chen Key Laboratory for Electronic Materials College of Electrical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials Research Center State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Materials and Processes School of Engineering University of Edinburgh

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries （AZIBs） exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy ***,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）,and corrosion side ***,we propose a surface engineering modification strategy for coating the montmorillonite （MMT） layer onto the surface of the Zn anode to tackle these issues,thereby achieving high cycling stability for rechargeable *** results reveal that the MMT layer on the surface of the Zn anode is able to provide ordered zincophilic channels for zinc ions migration,facilitating the reaction kinetics of zinc *** functional theory（DFT） calculations and water contact angle （CA） tests prove that MMT@Zn anode exhibits superior adsorption capacity for Zn2+and better hydrophobicity than the bare Zn anode,thereby achieving excellent cycling ***,the MMT@Zn||MMT@Zn symmetric cell holds the stable cycling over 5600 h at 0.5 mA cm-2and 0.125 m A h cm-2,even exceeding 1800 h long cycling under harsh conditions of 5 m A cm-2and 1.25 m A h *** MMT@Zn||V2O5full cell reaches over 3000 cycles at 2 A g-1with excellent rate ***,this surface engineering modification strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs represents a promising application.

关键词： Surface engineering strategy Montmorillonite layer Protection mechanism of Zn anode Cycling stability Aqueous zinc ion batteries

Comparison Properties for Asymptotically Tracially Approximation C^(*)-algebras

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2023年第5期39卷 863-884页

作者： Qing Zhai fan Xiao chun fanG College of Education Shanghai Jian Qiao UniversityShanghai 201306P.R.China Department of Mathematics Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306P.R.China Department of Mathematics Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092P.R.China

We show that the following properties of the C*-algebras in a class P are inherited by simple unital C*-algebras in the class of asymptotically tracially in P :(1) n-comparison,(2) α-comparison(1 ≤ α < ∞).

关键词： C*-algebras asymptotically tracially approximation Cuntz semigroup

Real-time information recombination of complex 3D tree model based on visual perception

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第9期56卷 96-109页

作者： fan Jing fan YunYi DONG TianYang JI lei School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology

It is important for the rapid visualization of large scale forest scene to dynamically simplify and recombine model data. In order to preserve the geometric features and visual perception of tree model, this paper presents a real-time information recombination method of complex 3D tree model based on visual perception. This method adopts visual attention model and the visual characteristic of tree structures, and then uses geometry-based and image-based methods to simplify tree models and construct a hybrid representation model. The hybrid representation model reflects the visual perception features of 3D tree models that can embody topological semantics in dynamic simulation. In addition, this method automatically extracts the representation information of 3D tree model based on visual perception, and recombines model information in real time according to the dynamic viewpoint of virtual scene. Finally, this method is applied in the simplification of different tree models, and it is compared with the existing tree model simplification methods. Experimental results show that this method can not only preserve better visual perception for 3D tree models, but also effectively decrease the geometric data of forest scene, and improve the rendering efficiency of forest scene.

关键词： visual perception model simplification 3D tree real-time recombination hybrid representation

Machine learning driven rational design of dual atom catalysts on graphene for carbon dioxide electroreduction

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 186-194页

作者： Dongxu Jiao Xinyi Li Mingzi Sun Lin Liu Jinchang fan Jingxiang Zhao Bolong Huang Xiaoqiang Cui State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control School of Materials Science and Engineeringand Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOEJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap MaterialsMinistry of EducationHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China

The development of high-performance atomiccatalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is atime-consuming process due to the complexity of the reactionmechanism and the uncertainty of the active ***,wehave proposed combining density functional theory(DFT)andmachine learning(ML)to investigate the potential of topologicalgraphene-based dual-atom catalysts(DACs)as CO_(2)*** analyzing the ML results,we identify thenumber of d-orbital electrons in the active site as a key factorinfluencing the CO_(2)RR catalytic ***,wepropose a simple descriptor to measure the CO_(2)RR activity ofthese *** findings provide plausible explanations for thesynergistic interactions between bimetallic atoms in CO_(2)RR andallow us to screen the homogeneous Ni-Ni pair as the mostpromising dual-atom *** work offers a fast MLapproach based on limited DFT calculations to predict the mostelectroactive and stable DACs on carbon support for CO_(2)RR,facilitating rapid screening of high-performance dual-atomcatalysts.

关键词： CO_(2)reaction reduction dual-atom catalysts density functional theory machine learning

Characteristics of TIG arc-assisted laser welding–brazing joint of aluminum to galvanized steel with preset filler powder

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Rare Metals 2015年第9期34卷 650-656页

作者： chun-Ling Li Ding fan Bin Wang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology

Tungsten inert gas(TIG) arc-assisted laser welding–brazing was used for the butt joining of 5A06 aluminum alloy to the galvanized steel by preset filler powder without groove. The spreading behavior of liquid metal on the back of the galvanized steel at different assisted welding currents was also investigated. The results show that the assisted TIG arc optimizes the interface reaction temperature, enhances the wettability of liquid metal on the steel side, and forms a sound butt joint at an appropriate welding current. A non-uniform intermetallic compound is formed at the interfacial layer, which is composed of Fe2Al5 close to the steel substrate and Fe4Al13 close to the solidified aluminum. The superior tensile strength of joint is indicated when the welding current ranges from 13 to 16 A. The average tensile strength can reach 151 MPa at the welding current of 16 A, and the corresponding fracture belongs to the ductile and brittle hybrid mode.

关键词： Aluminum alloy Steel Welding–brazing Welding curre

Recent Progress on Semi-transparent Perovskite Solar Cell for Building-integrated Photovoltaics

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2020年第3期36卷 366-376页

作者： ZHU Yivi SHU lei fan Zhiyong HKLJST-Shenzheti Research Institute Shenzhen 518057P.R.China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(HKUST)Clear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARP.R.China

The electricity consumption of buildings is tremendous;moreover,a huge amount of electricity is lost during *** away this consumption can significantly reduce energy demand and greenhouse effect gas *** of the low-cost and renewable solutions to this issue is to install photovoltaic panels on the buildings themselves,namely,building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs).Using this technology,power generation roofs,windows,and facades can harvest solar radiation and convert to electricity for building power ***-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)have attracted tremendous attention for the power generation windows,due to the excellent photoelectric properties,versatile fabrication methods,bandgap tunability,and ***,an overview is provided on the recent progress of ST-PSCs for BIPV,which mainly focuses on the control of perovskite morphology,optical engineering for an efficient and semi-transparent *** also summarize recent development on various transparent electrodes and present prospects and challenges for the commercialization of ST-PSCs.

关键词： Building-integrated photovoltaic Semi-transparent solar cell Perovskites solar cell