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Aligning enhanced feature representation for generalized zero-shot learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 74-88页

作者： Zhiyu fang Xiaobin ZHU chun YANG Hongyang ZHOU Jingyan QIN Xu-Cheng YIN School of Computer & Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Constructing an effective common latent embedding by aligning the latent spaces of cross-modal variational autoencoders（VAEs） is a popular strategy for generalized zero-shot learning（GZSL）. However, due to the lack of fine-grained instance-wise annotations, existing VAE methods can easily suffer from the posterior collapse problem. In this paper, we propose an innovative asymmetric VAE network by aligning enhanced feature representation（AEFR） for GZSL. Distinguished from general VAE structures, we designed two asymmetric encoders for visual and semantic observations and one decoder for visual reconstruction. Specifically, we propose a simple yet effective gated attention mechanism（GAM） in the visual encoder for enhancing the information interaction between observations and latent variables, alleviating the possible posterior collapse problem effectively. In addition, we propose a novel distributional decoupling-based contrastive learning（D2-CL） to guide learning classification-relevant information while aligning the representations at the taxonomy level in the latent representation space. Extensive experiments on publicly available datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our method. The source code is available at https://***/seeyourmind/AEFR.

关键词： generalized zero-shot learning gated attention mechanism contrastive learning multi-modal alignment

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Inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex participate in the comorbidity of pain and emotion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2838-2854页

作者： Lu Guan Mengting Qiu Na Li Zhengxiang Zhou Ru Ye Liyan Zhong Yashuang Xu Junhui Ren Yi Liang Xiaomei shao Jianqiao fang Junfan fang Junying Du Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research Third School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory for Research of Acupuncture Treatment and Transformation of Emotional Diseases Third School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Fuchun Community Health Service Center of Fuyang District HangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Pain is often comorbid with emotional disorders such as anxiety and *** of the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in pain and pain-related negative emotions that arise from impairments in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid *** review primarily aims to outline the main circuitry(including the input and output connectivity)of the anterior cingulate cortex and classification and functions of different gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons;it also describes the neurotransmitters/neuromodulators affecting these neurons,their intercommunication with other neurons,and their importance in mental comorbidities associated with chronic pain *** understanding on their role in pain-related mental comorbidities may facilitate the development of more effective treatments for these ***,the mechanisms that regulate gamma-aminobutyric acidergic systems remain *** is also unclear as to whether the mechanisms are presynaptic or *** exploration of the complexities of this system may reveal new pathways for research and drug development.

关键词： anterior cingulate cortex anxiety chronic pain circuit communication comorbidity depression gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons parvalbumin neurons synaptic transmission

Dietary supplementation with citrus peel extract in transition period improves rumen microbial composition and ameliorates energy metabolism and lactation performance of dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 441-454页

作者： Lingxue Ju Qi shao Zhiyuan fang Erminio Trevisi Meng Chen Yuxiang Song Wenwen Gao Lin Lei Xinwei Li Guowen Liu Xiliang Du State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of ZoonosisCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun 130062China Department of Animal Sciences Food and NutritionFaculty of AgricultureFood and Environmental ScienceUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza 29122Italy

Background During the transition period,excessive negative energy balance(NEB)lead to metabolic disorders and reduced milk *** microbes are responsible for resolving plant material and producing volatile fatty acids(VFA),which are the primary energy source for *** this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of citrus peel extract(CPE)supplementation on rumen microbiota composition,energy metabolism and milk performance of peri-partum dairy *** Dairy cows were fed either a basal diet(CON group)or the same basal diet supplemented with CPE via intragastric administration(4 g/d,CPE group)for 6 weeks(3 weeks before and 3 weeks after calving;n=15 per group).Samples of serum,milk,rumen fluid,adipose tissue,and liver were collected to assess the effects of CPE on rumen microbiota composition,rumen fermentation parameters,milk performance,and energy metabolic status of dairy *** CPE supplementation led to an increase in milk yield,milk protein and lactose contents,and serum glucose levels,while reduced serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid,β-hydroxybutyric acid,insulin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and haptoglobin during the first month of *** supplemen-tation also increased the content of ruminal *** to the CON group,the abundance of Prevotellaceae,Methanobacteriaceae,Bacteroidales_RF16_group,and Selenomonadaceae was found increased,while the abun-dance of Oscillospiraceae,F082,Ruminococcaceae,Christensenellaceae,Muribaculaceae UCG-011,Saccharimona-daceae,Hungateiclostridiaceae,and Spirochaetaceae in the CPE group was found *** adipose tissue,CPE supplementation decreased lipolysis,and inflammatory response,while increased insulin *** the liver,CPE supplementation decreased lipid accumulation,increased insulin sensitivity,and upregulated expression of genes involved in *** Our findings suggest that CPE supplementation during the peripartum period

关键词： Adipose tissue Citrus peel extract Energy metabolism Liver Rumen microbiota

Mechanisms and Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2025年第1期31卷 73-82页

作者： WANG Fu MA Dong-yue YANG Jiu-tian LYU Dong-fang GAO Qing-he LI chun-lei ZHONG Chong-fu Department of Andrology Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100091China Graduate School Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100029China Department of Andrology The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan250014China Faculty of Medicine Linyi UniversityLinyiShandong Province276000China

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men, the incidence of which gradually increases with age and leads to lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS), which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) are widely used for the treatment of BPH in China and some other countries. To explore the molecular mechanisms of CHMs for BPH, we conducted a review based on peer-reviewed English-language publications in Pub Med and Web of Science databases from inception to December 31, 2023. This article primarily reviewed 32 papers on the use of CHMs and its active compounds in the treatment of BPH, covering animal and cell experiments, and identified relevant mechanisms of action. The results suggest that the mechanisms of action of CHMs in treating BPH may involve the regulation of sex hormones,downregulation of cell growth factors, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, inhibition of cell proliferation, and promotion of apoptosis. CHMs also exhibit α-blocker-like effects, with the potential to relax urethral smooth muscle and alleviate LUTS. Additionally, we also reviewed 4 clinical trials and meta-analyses of CHMs for the treatment of BPH patients, which provided initial evidence of the safety and effectiveness of CHMs treatment. CHMs treatment for BPH shows advantages as a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway therapy, which can mitigate the severity of the disease, improve LUTS, and may become a reliable treatment option in the future.

关键词： herbal treatment promotion

Study on the Radiation Synthesis Mechanism and the Electrochemical Property of Polyaniline

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2025年第2期43卷 328-340页

作者： Shuo Yan Zi-fang Guo Zhi-Qing Ge Bao-Ying Zhang Ya-Ru Zhang Yi-shao Li Mo-Zhen Wang Xue-Wu Ge State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

As a highly promising conductive polymer material,the synthesis method,structure regulation,and performance improvement of polyaniline(PANI)are hot research *** this work,the radiation-induced polymerization of aniline in HNO_(3)solution was successfully achieved at room temperature without the use of chemical *** the analysis of the radiation chemical reactions of inorganic acids and nitrate salt solutions,the characterization of the intermediate free radicals in the irradiated systems,and the influence of the pH of the solutions on the polymerization activity and product morphologies,the radiation-induced polymerization mechanism of aniline is discussed in detail and *** at a condition of[HNO_(3)]>[aniline],i.e.,pH<2.5,PANI can be successfully obtained underγ-ray *** polymerization begins with the oxidation of aniline cations to aniline cation radicals by·NO_(3)generated by radiolysis reactions,and undergoes repeated three steps of monomer free radical recombination,deprotonation,and oxidation reaction of·NO_(3),thus forming a PANI *** addition to the polymerization reaction,the aniline units are protonated and oxidized because of the strongly acidity and oxidation of the reaction system under γ-ray irradiation,which means that the molecular chain structure of the radiation-synthesized PANI can be regulated by pH,nitrate concentration,and irradiation ***-synthesized PANI has a moderate protonation and oxidation state,which can be used for the preparation of PANI supercapacitors with better electrochemical properties than those prepared by chemical oxidation under the same *** work presents a new radiation-synthesis method and polymerization mechanism of PANI,which not only expands the application of radiation technique in the field of polymer synthesis,but also provides a new idea for the structural regulation and electrochemical property optimization of PANI.

关键词： Aniline Radiation-induced polymerization Polyaniline Electrochemical property

A morphological and anatomical study for tracking the growth and development of individual flowers and pods in soybean (Glycine max L.)

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Crop Journal 2025年第1期13卷 304-309页

作者： Li, fang shao, Yi-Ping Ejaz, Irsa Chen, Zhen-Yuan Wang, Zhi-Wei Wang, Xin Zhou, Shun-Li College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei Hebei Wuqiao 061802 China

A morphology-based growth stage system should describe the growth and development of a crop and thereby help farmers and agronomists in formulating reasonable managementmeasures conducive to the development of marketable products. However, existing growth stage systems for soybean are either based on plant growth or covered particular phases of flower or pod development, making it difficult to use for tracking the entire growth period of individual flowers and pods. Therefore, the first flower and pod, located at the base of the primary raceme in the eighth trifoliate node of the main stem, were chosen to illustrate growth dynamics during the full reproductive period. The size and fresh weight of the primary raceme in the eighth trifoliate leaf axil, the first flower and pod, the pistils in the first flower, and seeds in the first pod were examined, and the growth of these organs was depicted. Integrating the morphological characteristics and growth features of flowers and pods, as well as existing growth stage systems, the growth and development were delineated in 13 stages. In detail, we classified the flower phase based on the relative positions of floral components, inspired by the ratio of bract to flower used for staging, refined the lag phase proposed previously, retained the use of pod length to define the early pod phase, and innovatively described the late pod phase by the seed appearance. The developmental events in each stage of flower and pod were distinctive and closely connected to the corresponding morphology. Taken together, a more detailed growth stage system for describing individual flowers and pods in soybean was established. This system will serve as a valuable research tool for describing the development, gene expression, and cellular metabolism associated with the formation of flowers, pods, and seeds. © 2025 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS

关键词： Anatomy Flower and pod Growth and development Growth stage system Morphology Soybean

Fisetin micelles precisely exhibit a radiosensitization effect by inhibiting PDGFRβ/STAT1/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in tumor

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 262-269页

作者： Yuanyuan Zeng fang Liu Jun Wang Bianfei shao Tao He Zhongzheng Xiang Yan Wang Shunyao Zhu Tian Yang Siting Yu Changyang Gong Lei Liu Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Radiation Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Cancer Hospital Chongqing Key Laboratory of translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and individualized Treatment Chongqing University Cancer Hospital Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College Institute of Surgery Research Daping HospitalThird Military Medical University

It is of great significance to find safe and effective radiosensitizers. A primary investigation has been made on fisetin's modification of radiation effect, but its radiosensitization and related mechanisms still need to be deeply clarified. Furthermore, fisetin with high hydrophobicity is difficult to dissolve in water,severely limiting its research and application. In this study, we fabricated a safe and soluble radiosensitizer fisetin micelle for precisely enhancing radiotherapy by inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β(PDGFRβ)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) signaling pathway in the tumor. Systematic and detailed studies were performed to verify its radiosensitization effect in vitro and in vivo. On the cellular level, fisetin micelles selectively increased the radiosensitivity of tumor cells(CT26 and 4T1 cells)and had little effect on the sensitivity of normal mouse cells(L929 cells) to radiation. In the mouse models of colon and breast cancers, fisetin micelles showed an efficient radiosensitization capacity without apparent toxicity. Additionally, we first found that fisetin micelles played a radiotherapy sensitization role by inhibiting the PDGFRβ/STAT1/STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway activity. In general, this work not only confirmed that fisetin micelles precisely exhibit a radiosensitization effect in vitro and in vivo, but also profoundly explored its mechanisms underlying, to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of fisetin micelles.

关键词： Fisetin Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β Polymetric micelles Radiosensitizer Radiotherapy

Computed tomography enterography-based radiomics for assessing mucosal healing in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 62-72页

作者： Hao Ding Yuan-Yuan fang Wen-Jie Fan Chen-Yu Zhang shao-Fei Wang Jing Hu Wei Han Qiao Mei Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Suzhou First People's HospitalSuzhou 234099Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Mucosal healing(MH)is the major therapeutic target for Crohn's disease(CD).As the most commonly involved intestinal segment,small bowel(SB)assessment is crucial for CD ***,it poses a significant challenge due to its limited accessibility through conventional endoscopic *** To establish a noninvasive radiomic model based on computed tomography enterography(CTE)for MH assessment in SBCD *** Seventy-three patients diagnosed with SBCD were included and divided into a training cohort(n=55)and a test cohort(n=18).Radiomic features were obtained from CTE images to establish a radiomic *** demographics were analysed to establish a clinical model.A radiomic-clinical nomogram was constructed by combining significant clinical and radiomic *** diagnostic efficacy and clinical benefit were evaluated via receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and decision curve analysis(DCA),*** Of the 73 patients enrolled,25 patients achieved *** radiomic-clinical nomogram had an area under the ROC curve of 0.961(95%confidence interval:0.886-1.000)in the training cohort and 0.958(0.877-1.000)in the test cohort and provided superior clinical benefit to either the clinical or radiomic models alone,as demonstrated by *** These results indicate that the CTE-based radiomic-clinical nomogram is a promising imaging biomarker for MH and serves as a potential noninvasive alternative to enteroscopy for MH assessment in SBCD patients.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Computed tomography enterography Mucosal healing Nomogram Radiomics

A Method to Assess the Applicability and Accuracy of the Modified Gaussian Model(MGM) on the Rock Samples' Spectral Interpretation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第1期25卷 175-183页

作者： fang Gao Bin Liu Qin Zhou chun-Lai Li Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration Chinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Chang’e-4 mission obtained spectral data of multiple rock targets on the lunar *** Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) is usually applied to the spectral interpretation of powder samples,its applicability and accuracy on the rock targets remain to be further *** rock slice of lunar meteorite NWA 4734 is used to conduct comprehensive analysis of the petrography,mineralogy and laboratory spectroscopy,which will provide important ground truth for the MGM interpretation of lunar in situ spectra of rock ***,a scanning electron microscope (SEM),Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS),and Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (EPMA) analysis results indicate that:(1) almost all plagioclase in NWA 4734 have been converted to maskelynites,which indicate that the meteorite has undergone severe impact metamorphism;(2) the chemical composition of pyroxene and olivine is significantly heterogeneous,showing a distribution characteristic of magnesium-rich core and iron-rich rim,further indicating that NWA 4734 has undergone multiple crystallization and ***,this article focuses on the rock slice of NWA 4734's greyscale image of the Back Scattering Electron (BSE),and obtains the proportion of High-Calcium Pyroxene (HCP) in the total pyroxenes of this sample by calculating the area percentage using the pixel counting *** result shows that the proportion of HCP is 72%±5.4%,which can be used as a ground truth to evaluate the interpretation applicability and accuracy of MGM.A field spectrometer (ASD) is used to measure the visible and near-infrared reflectance spectra (450–2500 nm) of the rock slice from NWA 4734 in the same area as the BSE image obtained by SEM,and MGM is used to deconvolve the ASD spectra,and the average proportion of HCP is estimated to be 71%±10.1%.The results between the MGM and the pixel counting are comparable within the error range,which demonstrates the applicability of MGM on interpretation of the rock samples on the lu

关键词： astrochemistry instrumentation: spectrographs methods: data analysis