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Ecotoxicological assessment of diffuse pollution using biomonitoring tool for sustainable land use in Thailand

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 858-863页

作者： chuleemas boonthai iwai Barry Noller Department of Plant Sciences and Agricultural Resources Land Resourcesand Environment SectionFaculty of AgricultureKhon Kaen University The University of Queensland Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation (CMLR)

As a developing country, Thailand has a significant issue with diffuse pollution of the soil ecosystem due to an indiscriminate use of agrichemicals and poorly regulated disposal of a wide variety of hazardous wastes. Practical risk assessment tools based on locallyoccurring species are needed to assess the effects of diffuse pollutants on the soil ecosystem in Thailand because reliance on soil criteria developed for overseas conditions may provide inadequate protection. Native soil organisms in Thailand may be more or less sensitive to contaminants compared to overseas test species. This article described a biological indicator approach for ecological risk assessment of diffuse pollution in the soil ecosystem of Thailand from pesticide application with the aim of developing standardized protocols using native species and locally generated data to better evaluate the ecological risks of non-point source soil pollution. It was found that ecotoxicological assessment provided a better understanding of the ecological impacts that diffuse pollution induced on Thai environmental conditions. Thai soil biota species were more sensitive to soil contaminants than similar species overseas. Soil series also had an influence on the ecotoxicology of contaminants to soil biota. Collembolan, Cyphoderus sp., was demonstrated as a useful alternative test species to Folsomia candida （international test species） for terrestrial ecotoxicological testing of Thai soils. In addition, the soil biota activities such as soil respiration and earthworm avoidance including soil biodiversity and the litter bag decomposition technique are also good tools to assess the effects of diffuse pollution by pesticides on the soil ecosystem of Thailand.

关键词： ecotoxicological assessments diffuse pollution biomonitoring soil ecosystem

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Assessment of pesticide contaminated sediment using biological response of tropical chironomid,Chironomus javanus Kiffer as biomarker

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第8期7卷 719-724页

作者： Atcharaporn Somparn chuleemas boonthai iwai Barry N.Noller Department of Land Resources and Environment Faculty of AgricultureKhon Kaen University Integrated Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand The University of Queensland Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation(CMLR)

To investigate the use of a biomarker for assessment of the effects on the tropical chironomid, Chironomus javanus (C. javanus), Kiffer of sediment contaminated with an insecticide (chlorpyrifos).MethodsA wide range of biological responses to the tropical chironomid exposed were measured, including survival, growth rate and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) *** measured median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of chlorpyrifos to C. javanus was 0.056 (95% CI 0.024-0.124) μg/kg. For sub-chronic levels of chlorpyrifos between 0.001 and 0.25 μg/kg administered for 10 days, the effects on the growth of C. javanus were reduced (larva size, head structure width and dry weight) at the significance level (P < 0.01) and the effects were concentration dependent. Following exposure to chlorpyrifos at the level of 0.001 μg/kg for 48 and 96 h, the AChE activity in C. javanus was inhibited compared with control samples (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that C. javanus was sensitive when exposed to chlorpyrifos. This species could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing pesticide contamination at low environmental persistence and provides limited effects data on the sensitivity of tropical biota to contaminants for ecological risk assessment of organophosphate pesticides in the tropical aquatic ecosystem.

关键词： Chironomid Chlorpyrifos Biomarker Sediment Environmental impact

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