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Methane Emission from Rice Fields:Necessity for Molecular Approach for Mitigation

Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 159-178页

作者： Sujeevan RAJENDRAN Hyeonseo PARK Jiyoung kim Soon Ju PARK Dongjin SHIN Jong-Hee LEE Young Hun SONG Nam-Chon PAEK chul min kim Department of Horticulture Industry Wonkwang UniversityIksan 54538Korea Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Southern Area Crop Science National Institute of Crop ScienceMiryang 50424Korea Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Plant Science Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Anthropogenic methane emissions are a leading cause of the increase in global averagetemperatures,often referred to as global *** soils play a significant role in methaneproduction,where the anaerobic conditions promote the production of methane by *** fields contribute a considerable portion of agricultural methane emissions,as riceplants provide both factors that enhance and limit methane *** plants harbor both methaneproducingand methane-oxidizing *** from rice roots provide source for methaneproduction,while oxygen delivered from the root aerenchyma enhances methane *** haveshown that the diversity of these microorganisms depends on rice cultivars with some genes characterizedas harboring specific groups of microorganisms related to methane ***,there is still aneed for research to determine the balance between methane production and oxidation,as rice plantspossess the ability to regulate net methane *** agronomical practices,such as fertilizerand water management,have been employed to mitigate methane ***,studiescorrelating agronomic and chemical management of methane with productivity are ***,evidences for breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties are scattered largely due to the absence ofcoordinated breeding *** has indicated that phenotypic characteristics,such as rootbiomass,shoot architecture,and aerenchyma,are highly correlated with methane *** reviewdiscusses available studies that involve the correlation between plant characteristics and *** emphasizes the necessity and importance of breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties inaddition to existing agronomic,biological,and chemical *** review also delves into the idealphenotypic and physiological characteristics of low-methane-emitting rice and potential breeding techniques,drawing from studies conducted

关键词： methane emission rice breeding aerenchyma greenhouse gas radial oxygen loss

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1.45 GPa ultrastrong cryogenic strength with superior impact toughness in the in-situ nano oxide reinforced CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy matrix nanocomposite manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第2期97卷 10-19页

作者： Young-Kyun kim min-chul kim Kee-Ahn Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Republic of Korea Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI) Daejeon 34057Republic of Korea

CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys(HEAs)exhibit an excellent combination of tensile strength and ductility at cryogenic *** study led to the introduction of a new method for the development of high-performance CrMnFeCoNi HEAs at cryogenic temperatures by jointly utilizing additive manufacturing(AM)and the addition of interstitial *** interstitial oxygen present in the powder feedstock was transformed into beneficial nano-sized oxides during AM *** HEA nanocomposite fabricated using laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)not only contains heterogeneous grains and substructures but also a high number density of nano-sized *** tensile results revealed that the L-PBF HEA nanocomposite has superior yield strengths of 0.77 GPa and 1.15 GPa,and tensile strengths of 0.92 GPa and 1.45 GPa at 298 K and 77 K,*** addition,the Charpy impact energies of the samples tested at 298 K and 77 K were measured as 176.2 J and 103.7 J,*** results indicate that the L-PBF HEA nanocomposite successfully overcomes the well-known strength-toughness *** tensile deformation microstructure contained a relatively large number of deformation twins(DTs)at cryogenic temperature,a possible consequence of the decrease in the stacking fault energy with decreasing *** the other hand,cracks were found to propagate along the grain boundaries at room temperature,whereas a transgranular crack was observed at cryogenic temperature in the specimens fractured as a result of the Charpy impact.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion High-entropy alloy matrix nanocomposite Nano-oxide:cryogenic Tensile Impact toughness

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Calcium and Calmodulin-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 13-21页

作者： min chul kim Woo Sik Chung Dae-Jin Yun Moo Je Cho Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center Gyeongsang National University Jinju 660-701 Korea

Sessile plants have developed a very delicate system to sense diverse kinds of endogenous developmental cues and exogenous environmental stimuli by using a simple Ca^2＋ ion. Calmodulin （CAM） is the predominant Ca^2＋ sensor and plays a crucial role in decoding the Ca^2＋ signatures into proper cellular responses in various cellular compartments in eukaryotes. A growing body of evidence points to the importance of Ca^2＋ and CaM in the regulation of the transcriptional process during plant responses to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Here, we review recent progress in the identification of transcriptional regulators modulated by Ca^2＋ and CaM and in the assessment of their functional significance during plant signal transduction in response to biotic and abiotic stresses and developmental cues.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress calcium signaling/transport gene expression.

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Overexpression of Arabidopsis YUCCA6 in Potato Results in High-Auxin Developmental Phenotypes and Enhanced Resistance to Water Deficit

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 337-349页

作者： Jeong Im kim Dongwon Baek Hyeong Cheol Park Hyun Jin Chun Dong-Ha Oh min Kyung Lee Joon-Yung Cha Woe-Yeon kim min chul kim Woo Sik Chung Hans J. Bohner Sang Yeol Lee Ray A. Bressan Shin-Woo Lee Dae-Jin Yun Department of Biochemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 and WCU Program) Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 660-701 Republic of Korea Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology Jinju 660-758 Korea Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 KSA Department of Horticulture Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, a major plant auxin, is produced in both tryptophan-dependent and tryptophan-independent pathways. A major pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana generates IAA in two reactions from tryptophan. Step one converts tryptophan to indole-3-pyruvic acid （IPA） by tryptophan aminotransferases followed by a rate-limiting step converting IPA to IAA catalyzed by YUCCA proteins. We identified eight putative StYUC （Solanum tuberosum YUCCA） genes whose deduced amino acid sequences share 50%-70% identity with those of Arabidopsis YUCCA proteins. All include canonical, conserved YUCCA sequences： FATGY motif, FMO signature sequence, and FAD-binding and NADP-binding sequences. In addition, five genes were found with -50% amino acid sequence identity to Arabidopsis trypto-phan aminotransferases. Transgenic potato （Solanum tuberosum cv. Jowon） constitutively overexpressing Arabidopsis AtYUC6 displayed high-auxin phenotypes such as narrow downward-curled leaves, increased height, erect stature, and longevity. Transgenic potato plants overexpressing AtYUC6 showed enhanced drought tolerance based on reduced water loss. The phenotype was correlated with reduced levels of reactive oxygen species in leaves. The results suggest a func-tional YUCCA pathway of auxin biosynthesis in potato that may be exploited to alter plant responses to the environment.

关键词： Solanum tuberosum potato Arabidopsis thaliana yuc6-1D YUCCA, StYUCCA, StTAA, auxin, drought.

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Ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract attenuates particulate matter-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in keratinocytes and zebrafish

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第4期14卷 137-146页

作者： Wook chul kim Ji-Won Park Bohyun Yun WonWoo Lee Kyung-min Choi Seung-Hong Lee Department of Medical Science Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan 31538Republic of Korea Honam National Institute of Biological Resources 99Gohadoan-gilMokpo-siJeollanam-do 58762Republic of Korea Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan 31538Republic of Korea

Objective:To evaluate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction derived from Sargassum pallidum extract against particulate matter(PM)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT cells and ***:HaCaT cells and zebrafish were used to evaluate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract against PM-induced oxidative stress and *** production of nitric oxide(NO),intracellular ROS,prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κB were evaluated in PM-induced HaCaT ***,the levels of ROS,NO,and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the PM-exposed zebrafish ***:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract significantly decreased the production of NO,intracellular ROS,and PGE_(2) in PM-induced HaCaT *** addition,the fraction markedly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,and NF-κ***,it displayed remarkable protective effects against PM-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress,represented by the reduction of NO,ROS,and lipid peroxidation in ***:The ethyl acetate fraction of Sargassum pallidum extract exhibits a protective effect against PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo and has the potential as a candidate for the development of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products.

关键词： Particulate matter Inflammation Oxidative stress Sargassum pallidum Ethyl acetate fraction Zebrafish

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Nanocrystalline low-silica X zeolite as an efficient ion-exchanger enabling fast radioactive strontium capture

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 15-23页

作者： Hyungmin Jeon Susung Lee Jeong-chul kim minkee Choi Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering(BK21 Four) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

NaA zeolite(Si/Al=1.00)has been commercially applied for capturing radioactive 90Sr^(2+)because of its high surface charge density,effectively stabilizing the multivalent ***,owing to its narrow micropore opening(4.0Å),large micron-sized crystallites,and bulkiness of hydrated Sr^(2+),the Sr^(2+)exchange over NaA has been limited by very slow *** this study,we synthesized nanocrystalline low-silica X by minimizing a water content in a synthesis gel and utilizing a methyl cellulose hydrogel as a crystal growth *** resulting zeolite exhibited high crystallinity and Al-rich framework(Si/Al of approximately 1.00)with the sole presence of tetrahedral Al sites,which are capable of high Sr^(2+)uptake and ion ***,the zeolite with a FAU topology has a much larger micropore opening size(7.4Å)and a much smaller crystallite size(~340 nm)than NaA,which enable significantly enhanced ion-exchange *** to conventional NaA,the nanocrystalline low-silica X exhibited remarkably increased Sr^(2+)-exchange kinetics(>18-fold larger rate constant)in batch *** both the nanocrystalline low-silica X and NaA exhibited comparable Sr^(2+)capacities under equilibrated conditions,the former demonstrated a 5.5-fold larger breakthrough volume than NaA under dynamic conditions,attributed to its significantly faster Sr^(2+)-exchange kinetics.

关键词： Sr^(2+)removal low-silica X zeolite nanocrystal hydrogel methyl cellulose

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Lipid phosphorylation by a diacylglycerol kinase suppresses ABA biosynthesis to regulate plant stress responses

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 342-358页

作者： Jianwu Li Shuaibing Yao Sang-chul kim Xuemin Wang Department of Biology University of Missouri-St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63121USA Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA

Lipid phosphorylation by diacylglycerol kinase(DGK)that produces phosphatidic acid(PA)plays important roles in various biological processes,including stress responses,but the underlying mechanisms remain ***,we show that DGK5 and its lipid product PA suppress ABA biosynthesis by interacting withABA-DEFICIENT2(ABA2),a key ABA biosynthesis enzyme,to negatively modulate plant responseto abiotic stress tested in Arabidopsis *** of DGK5 function rendered plants less damaged,whereas overexpression(OE)of DGK5 enhanced plant damage to water and salt *** dgk5 mutant plants exhibited decreased total cellular and nuclear levels of PA with increased levels of diacylglycerol,whereas DGK5-OE plants displayed the opposite ***,we found that both DGK5 and PA bind to the ABA-synthesizing enzyme ABA2 and suppress its enzymatic ***,the dgk5 mutant plants exhibited increased levels of ABA,while DGK5-OE plants showed reduced ABA *** addition,we showed that both DGK5 and ABA2 are detected in and outside the nuclei,and loss of DGK5 function decreased the nuclear association of *** found that both DGK5 activity and PA promote nuclear association of *** together,these results indicate that both DGK5 and PA interact with ABA2 to inhibit its enzymatic activity and promote its nuclear sequestration,thereby sup-pressing ABA production in response to abiotic *** study reveals a sophisticated mechanism by which DGK5 and PA regulate plant stress responses.

关键词： diacylglycerol kinase phosphatidic acid diacylglycerol lipid signaling stress responses lipid-protein binding protein-protein interaction Arabidopsis

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Tracking of horizontal alignment of the long and large diameter uncharged hole in NATM tunnel

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Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 18-28页

作者： min-Seong kim Sean Seungwon Lee Department of Energy and Resources Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

The long and large diameter uncharged hole boring(LLB)method is a cut blasting method that minimizes blast-induced vibrations by creating long and large diameter uncharged holes at the excavation face of tunnels prior to tunnel *** in this method typically uses a 50 m long with a 382 mm diameter hammer bit in the horizontal direction at the tunnel ***,the significant weight and uni-directional rotation of the rod head,as well as variables such as geological characteristics,machine conditions,and inexperienced operators result in significant deviation from the target borehole alignment that hinders the vibration-dampening effect of the uncharged ***,since there is no method to verify the alignment of the boreholes until main tunnel construction,borehole misalignment is often not discovered until weeks after construction,which requires tunnel construction to cease until the equipment can be remobilized and an additional borehole be created,causing significant delays and increased costs for the entire tunnel *** this study,the borehole alignment tracking and ground exploration system(BGS)is developed to predict and monitor the quality and alignment of boreholes for cut blasting methods such as the LLB methods immediately after *** BGS was subsequently tested at a subway construction site to evaluate its performance in the *** measurements yielded by the BGS were compared with manually measured boring positions at every 5 m along the *** the BGS showed a maximum deviation of approximately 12%at a local point where the hole surface was relatively rough,the accuracy for the final boring position was approximately 97%,demonstrating excellent precision of the alignment tracking *** BGS demonstrates excellent performance in predicting ground conditions and the boring quality of a cut hole immediately after drilling,and shows promise in various other applications for monitoring borehole alignment.

关键词： Tunnel blasting LLB method Drilling deviation Vertical sagging Horizontal alignment tracking BGS

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Anomaly Detection in Imbalanced Encrypted Traffic with Few Packet Metadata-Based Feature Extraction

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 585-607页

作者： min-Gyu kim Hwankuk kim Department of Financial Information Security Kookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea Department of Information Security Cryptography Mathematics Kookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea

In the IoT(Internet of Things)domain,the increased use of encryption protocols such as SSL/TLS,VPN(Virtual Private Network),and Tor has led to a rise in attacks leveraging encrypted *** research on anomaly detection using AI(Artificial Intelligence)is actively progressing,the encrypted nature of the data poses challenges for labeling,resulting in data imbalance and biased feature extraction toward specific *** study proposes a reconstruction error-based anomaly detection method using an autoencoder(AE)that utilizes packet metadata excluding specific node *** proposed method omits biased packet metadata such as IP and Port and trains the detection model using only normal data,leveraging a small amount of packet *** makes it well-suited for direct application in IoT environments due to its low resource *** experiments comparing feature extraction methods for AE-based anomaly detection,we found that using flowbased features significantly improves accuracy,precision,F1 score,and AUC(Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve)score compared to packet-based ***,for flow-based features,the proposed method showed a 30.17%increase in F1 score and improved false positive rates compared to Isolation Forest and ***,the proposedmethod demonstrated a 32.43%higherAUCwhen using packet features and a 111.39%higher AUC when using flow features,compared to previously proposed oversampling *** study highlights the impact of feature extraction methods on attack detection in imbalanced,encrypted traffic environments and emphasizes that the one-class method using AE is more effective for attack detection and reducing false positives compared to traditional oversampling methods.

关键词： One-class anomaly detection feature extraction auto-encoder encrypted traffic CICIoT2023

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Opportunities and challenges in cathode development for non-lithium-ion batteries

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eScience 2024年第4期4卷 1-6页

作者： Haegyeom kim Jae chul kim Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory94720CAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Stevens Institute of Technology07030NJUSA

Lithium(Li)-ion batteries have stimulated the societal transformation to clean energy *** carry-on electricity is revolutionizing how society communicates,functions,and evolves efficiently by enabling mobile electronics,zero-emission electric vehicles,and stationary energy *** preparation for the sustainable energy future,however,there are growing concerns about depleting critical elements used in the Li technology(e.g.,lithium,cobalt,and nickel),especially for large-scale applications that will accelerate the rate of elemental *** non-Li-based rechargeable batteries composed of earth-abundant elements,such as sodium,potassium,magnesium,and calcium,have been proposed and explored as alternative systems to promote sustainable development of energy *** this perspective,we discuss challenges in Li-ion batteries in the sustainability aspect and provide our opinions on the potential applications of non-Li-based *** also highlight the current status,important progress,and remaining challenges of the Li-alternative technologies.

关键词： Batteries Sodium Potassium Lithium Multi-valent Energy storage

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