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A Mathematical Model of an Evaporative Cooling Pad Using Sintered Nigerian Clay

Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2012年第11期11卷 1113-1120页

作者： chukwuneke jeremiah lekwuwa Ajike Chinagorom Ogbu Achebe Chinonso Hubert Okolie Paul Chukwulozie Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University PMB 5025 Awka Nigeria

Overtime, reduction in the amount of heat generated in engineering systems in operations have been of great concern and have continuously been under study. It is in line with the above that this research work developed a mathematical model of an evaporative cooling pad using sintered Nigerian clay. A physical model of the evaporative cooling phenomenon was developed followed by the derivation of the governing equations describing the energy and mass transfer for the clay model from the laws of conservation of continuum mechanics. A set of reasonable and appropriate as-sumptions were imposed upon the physical model. Constitutive relationships were also developed for further analysis of the developed equations. The finite element model of numerical methods was used to analyse the energy transfer governing equations which resulted in the determination of the temperature of the exposed boundary surface at any given time, t2 after the commencement of the evaporative cooling processes. In this paper, it was found out that surface temperature differences could be as much as 6?C in the first cycle of evaporative cooling with the potential of further reduction. Further, an equation for the prediction of the effectiveness of an evaporative cooling system using clay modeled cooling pads was developed. The findings in this research work can be applied in the design, construction and maintenance of evaporative coolers used to dissipate waste heat when a large amount of natural water is not readily available or if for environmental and safety reasons the large water body can no longer absorb waste heat.

关键词： Evaporative Cooling Nigerian Clay Finite Difference Model Energy Transfer Cooling Pad Moulded Clay Material Heat Transfer Refrigeration Temperature

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Optimization of bio-oil production parameters from the pyrolysis of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) using response surface methodology

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Clean Energy 2024年第5期8卷 241-251页

作者： Sunday C.Ikpeseni Samuel O.Sada Ufuoma J.Efetobor Henry O.Orugba Mathias Ekpu Hilary I.Owamah jeremiah L.chukwuneke Solomon Oyebisi Uche P.Onochie Department of Mechanical Engineering Delta State UniversityP.M.B.1AbrakaNigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Delta State PolytechnicP.M.B.3Otefe-OgharaNigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Delta State UniversityP.M.B.1AbrakaNigeria Department of Civil Engineering Delta State UniversityP.M.B.1AbrakaNigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityP.M.B.2025AwkaNigeria Department of Civil Engineering Covenant UniversityP.M.B.1023OttaNigeria Department of Civil Engineering The University of the South PacificP.M.B.9072SuvaFiji Department of Mechanical Engineering Delta State University of Science and TechnologyP.M.B.5OzoroNigeria

The need to increase bio-oil yield from biomass and enhance its fuel properties has driven research into optimizing the pyrolysis *** study investigated the influence of three key process parameters—temperature,heating rate,and nitrogen flow rate—on the pyrolysis of elephant grass(Pennisetum purpureum)in a fixed-bed *** surface methodology was used to study the im-pact of the aforementioned variables on bio-oil yield to improve its production *** analysis of the biomass revealed 79.24 wt%volatile matter,14.22 wt%fixed carbon,and 5.86%ash,with ultimate analysis showing 45.44%carbon,5.59%hydrogen,and 40.95%*** high volatile matter content and favourable carbon and hydrogen percentages indicate that elephant grass is a vi-able energy source due to its potential for high bio-oil yield and energy *** resulting bio-oil exhibited a higher heating value of 20.9 MJ/kg,indicating its suitability for various heating applications.A second-order regression model was developed for bio-oil yield,with optimal conditions identified as a temperature of 550°C,a heating rate of 17°C/min,and a nitrogen flow rate of 6 ml/*** study achieved an optimal bio-oil yield of 59.03 wt%,and the model’s high R²value of 0.8683 from analysis of variance analysis confirmed its predictive *** research highlights elephant grass as a sustainable feedstock for bio-oil production,offering valuable insights into optimizing pyrolysis conditions to enhance bio-oil yield,thus advancing biofuel technology.

关键词： renewable energy biomass sustainable feedstock regression model fixed-bed reactor

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Multi-parametric optimization of the catalytic pyrolysis of pig hair into bio-oil

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Clean Energy 2021年第3期5卷 527-535页

作者： Henry Oghenero Orugba jeremiah lekwuwa chukwuneke Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe Innocent Eteli Digitemie Department of Chemical Engineering Delta State University AbrakaNigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic EkoweNigeria

The low yield and poor fuel properties of bio-oil have made the pyrolysis production process uneconomic and also limited bio-oil *** manipulation of key pyrolysis variables is paramount in order to produce high-quality bio-oil that requires less *** this research,the pyrolysis of pig hair was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor using a calcium oxide catalyst derived from calcination of turtle *** the pyrolysis process,the influence of three variables-temperature,heating rate and catalyst weight-on two responses-bio-oil yield and its higher heating value(HHV)-were investigated using Response Surface Methodology.A second-order regression-model equation was obtained for each *** optimum yield of the bio-oil and its HHV were obtained as 51.03%and 21.87 mJ/kg,respectively,at 545oC,45.17oC/min and 2.504 g of pyrolysis temperature,heating rate and catalyst weight,*** high R2 values of 0.9859 and 0.9527,respectively,obtained for the bio-oil yield and its HHV models using analysis of variance revealed that the models can adequately predict the bio-oil yield and its HHV from the pyrolysis process.

关键词： pyrolysis bio-oil pig hair catalyst biomass model

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Spectrophotometric Data in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Antiretroviral Drug Coated Blood Interactions

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第8期3卷 44-52页

作者： Okwuchukwu Ani Adaeze Ani jeremiah chukwuneke Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering Enugu State University of Science and Technology Agbani Nigeria College of Medical Sciences University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The spectrophotometric data in the interactions between the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and blood cells treated with antiretroviral drug were collected to be used to show the effects of antiretroviral drugs on the absorbance characteristics of HIV infected and uninfected blood. The methodology involved the serial dilution of the five different antiretroviral drugs (two HAART/FDC and three single drugs) and the subsequent incubation with the blood samples collected from ten HIV infected persons who had not yet commenced treatment with the antiretroviral drugs, ten HIV infected persons who had already commenced treatment with the antiretroviral drugs, and ten HIV negative persons, for the absorbance measurements using a digital Ultraviolet Visible MetaSpecAE1405031Pro Spectrophotometer. The peak absorbance data for various interacting systems were measured. These were used to show that the antiretroviral drug had the effect of increasing the peak absorbance values of both the uninfected and infected blood components, i.e., the drugs were made able to increase the light absorption capacity of the blood cells. The use of the findings of this work in drug design may be expected to yield good results.

关键词： Absorbance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antiretroviral Drug Blood Components Wavelength

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