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Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts of Macrosphyra longistyla against Gram-Positive Oral Biofilm-Formers from School Children in Southwestern Nigeria and Toxicity Studies Using Brine Shrimps

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第3期14卷 163-174页

作者： chukwuemeka emmanuel nwankwo Onikepe Folarin Adeleke Osho Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences Redeemer’s University Ede Nigeria African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID) Redeemer’s University Ede Nigeria

The world will benefit from more effective antimicrobial agents against oral conditions arising from the actions of biofilm forming bacteria. Also, information is lacking on the oral biofilm-forming bacterial diversity in Southwestern Nigeria. In this study, we isolate and characterize oral biofilm producing bacteria in the oral cavities of schoolchildren in Southwestern Nigeria. We also investigate the antimicrobial properties of Macrosphyra longistyla extracts against the biofilm-formers and the toxicity of potent extracts. Samples were obtained from 109 schoolchildren aged 4 - 14 years from Lagos, Oyo and Osun States. Agar well diffusion technique was used in the antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Toxicity testing was done using brine shrimps (Artemia salina). Biofilm-formers in this study are Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Micrococcus sp. Ethanol leaf extracts had the highest activity against all biofilm-producing bacteria. Ethanol stem bark extract, which elicited activity against Klebsiella only, was found to be less toxic than the ethanol leaf extract. Staphylococcus showed >10 mm susceptibility to the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Macrosphyra longistyla. Streptococcus and Micrococcus were susceptible to the antimicrobial actions of the ethanolic leaf extracts. Although the ethanol extracts of the leaves had lower minimum inhibitory concentrations than the ethanol extracts of the stem bark, toxicity studies showed ethanol extracts of the stem-bark to be more toxic than the ethanol extracts of the leaves. In conclusion, ethanolic extracts of Macrosphyra longistyla show potential as sources of antimicrobials against gram-positive, oral biofilm-forming bacteria.

关键词： Biofilms Plant Extracts Toxicity Bacteria Susceptibility Antimicrobial

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Quality Assessment and Evaluation of Groundwater Potentials in Parts of Buruku and Gboko Local Government Area Councils in Benue State

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第9期7卷 1064-1073页

作者： chukwuemeka Ngozi Ehirim Chioma nwankwo Geophysics Research Group Department of Physics University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Hydraulic and layer parameters of groundwater aquifer have been evaluated in parts of Buruku and Gboko local government area councils, for the primary purpose of assessing quality and potential of groundwater in the areas. A total of 18 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) stations were occupied along traverse lines using the Schlumberger electrode configuration. The results revealed a characteristic QQA, QHH and QH type curves, with 6 - 7 geoelectric subsurface layers. The geoelectric layers are dominantly sandy with intercalations of shale at shallow depths in most stations. The aquiferous layers were delineated at the fourth and fifth geoelectric layers with average aquifer resistivity and depth of 420.56 Ω·m and 69.1 m, respectively. Groundwater flow is generally from the northeast to the southwest in line with the tectonics of the Benue trough. Two potential groundwater zones were delineated. These are the zone of poor quality water to the north (central) and east of the area of high potential and the zone of quality groundwater to the northeast, west and southwest of low potential. The study revealed that productive boreholes for excellent and sustainable yields were more viable in the northern (central) and eastern parts of the study area than in the northeast, west and southwest parts.

关键词： Groundwater Aquifer Resistivity Hydraulic Conductivity and Transmissivity

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Analysis of Secured Cloud Data Storage Model for Information

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 297-320页

作者： emmanuel Nwabueze Ekwonwune Udo Chukwuebuka Chigozie Duroha Austin Ekekwe Georgina Chekwube nwankwo Department of Computer Science Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Computer Science Gregory University Abia Nigeria Department of Computer Science Anambra State University Awka Nigeria

This paper was motivated by the existing problems of Cloud Data storage in Imo State University, Nigeria such as outsourced data causing the loss of data and misuse of customer information by unauthorized users or hackers, thereby making customer/client data visible and unprotected. Also, this led to enormous risk of the clients/customers due to defective equipment, bugs, faulty servers, and specious actions. The aim if this paper therefore is to analyze a secure model using Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) base 64 algorithms for storage of data in cloud securely. The methodology used was Object Orientated Hypermedia Analysis and Design Methodology (OOHADM) was adopted. Python was used to develop the security model;the role-based access control (RBAC) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) to enhance security Algorithm were integrated into the Information System developed with HTML 5, JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) version 3 and PHP7. This paper also discussed some of the following concepts;Development of Computing in Cloud, Characteristics of computing, Cloud deployment Model, Cloud Service Models, etc. The results showed that the proposed enhanced security model for information systems of cooperate platform handled multiple authorization and authentication menace, that only one login page will direct all login requests of the different modules to one Single Sign On Server (SSOS). This will in turn redirect users to their requested resources/module when authenticated, leveraging on the Geo-location integration for physical location validation. The emergence of this newly developed system will solve the shortcomings of the existing systems and reduce time and resources incurred while using the existing system.

关键词： Cloud Data Information Model Data Storage Cloud Computing Security System Data Encryption

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Comparative analysis of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children and rural farmers in Obollo-Eke,Enugu State,Nigeria:Implications for control

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第10期5卷 796-802页

作者： Celestine Chidi Ogbonna Geme Urge Dori Emeka Innocent Nweze Gilbert Muoneke Innocent Ejike nwankwo Nkiru Akputa Department of Microbiology University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Microbiology Laboratory School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyUniversity of CamerinoVia Gentile Ⅲ da Varano62032 Camerino(MC)Italy Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health Polo delle Scienze "Domenico Amici"Via Madonna delle CarceriUniversity of Camerino62032(MC)Italy Faculty of Medicine Addis Ababa UniversityEthiopia Department of Dermatology University Hospitals of ClevelandOhioUnited States Department of Medical Parasitology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital EnuguNigeria Consolata Medical Diagnostic Laboratory St Theresa's Hospital5B New Markurdi RoadObollo AforEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To determine the prevalence,sex-age related intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and to compare such parameters among rural school children and rural fanners in selected communities in Obollo-Eke located in Southeast,***:A cross-sectional survey involving 1 337 school children and farmers was conducted in Obollo-Eke community between September 2006 and July *** data of subjects was collected using a questionnaire prepared for this *** samples were collected and examined for haematuria and ova of Schistosoma haematobium(***) using Medi-test Combi 9 and sedimentation technique ***:The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis based on microscopic examination of the urine sediment for the ova of *** was 17.5%while the prevalence of haematuria was 15.6%.Infection intensity varied from light to *** general,the prevalence was higher among males(20.8%) than females(14.6%;P>0.05) and was slightly higher among primary school children(18.0%;n=762) than farmers(16.9%;n=575;P>0.05).The age-specific prevalence of schistosomiasis among the study subjects ranged from 8.3%to 21.2%in 0-5 years and 11-15 years age groups ***:Haematuria and mean egg/10 mL urine (r = 0.95;P<0.01) showed that both procedures are reliable for the diagnosis of the disease and can be used to ascertain the prevalence of the disease in any *** comparative analysis of urinary bilharziasis among primary school children and rural farmers demonstrated that the infection is moderately high in these two risk population groups at Obollo-Eke.A robust intervention strategy is clearly needed.

关键词： Urinary schistosomiasis School children Rural farmers Prevalence Nigeria

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Study of Natural Radioactivity of Groundwater in Sango-Ilorin, Nigeria

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2012年第8期2卷 289-295页

作者： Levi Ikechukwu nwankwo Department of Physics University of llorin P.M.B. 1515 Ilorin Nigeria

Gamma spectrometric method was used to determine the natural radioactivity of the groundwater obtained from hand dug wells in Sango-Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. The purpose of the study is to ascertain whether the groundwater radioactivity level in the area that was previously used as a waste dumpsite and farmland poses any significant health hazard to the populace. The main radionuclides analysed in the samples were 226Ra and 22SRa （progenies of 218Su and 232Th respectively）, and the naturally occurring 40K. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides range from 0.02 to 7.35 Bql1 for 226Ra with a mean of 4.04 ± 0.18 Bql-1, 0.009 to 3.98 Bql-1 for 22SRa having a mean of 0.77 - 0.09 Bql-1. 40K concentration ranges from 0.45 to 30.14 Bq1-1 and has a mean of 4.81 ± 0.62 Bql1. The derived Annual Effective Dose received by the population as a result of the ingestion of 40K is estimated to range from 0 to 0.01 mSvy-1 with an average of 0.01 and standard deviation of 0.02 mSvyl; 226Ra ranged from 0 to 0.8 mSvy-1 with an average of 0.41 and standard deviation of 0.23 mSvy-1 and 228Ra ranged from 0 to 1 mSvy-1 with an average of 0.2 and standard deviation of 0.31 mSvy-1. The results show that the calculated average annual effective dose/ingestion dose for some of the wells are above WHO recommended level of 0.1 mSvylfor drinking water but falls within the tolerable level of 1 mSv/yr to the general public for prolonged exposure as recommended by ICRP. Therefore, it is suggested that detailed radiological monitoring be conducted in the area.

关键词： Radioactivity groundwater gamma ray spectrometer Nigeria health hazard.

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Integrated Approach to Pore Pressure and Fracture Pressure Prediction Using Well Logs: Case Study of Onshore Niger-Delta Sedimentary Basin

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第10期6卷 1279-1295页

作者： Cyril Ngozi nwankwo Stephen Onoh Kalu Department of Physics University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

This study investigated the cause of identified zones of overpressure in some selected wells in a field in the Niger Delta sedimentary basin. Two models were used each for predicting pore pressure and the corresponding fracture pressure using well log and drilling data. Shale lithology in Niger Delta is massive and characterized by high pore pressure;hence shale compaction theory is utilized in this study. The petrophysical data were evaluated using Ikon’s Science Rokdoc software. The two major pore pressure prediction techniques employed are the Eaton’s and Bowers’ models while the Eaton’s fracture pressure model and the Hubbert and Willis fracture pressure prediction models were utilized for fracture prediction. The density and sonic logs were used respectively to generate the shale trend and the shale normal compaction trend used for the prediction. The wells studied showed disequilibrium compaction of sediment to be the major mechanism that gave rise to overpressure in the Niger Delta. Clay diagenesis and fluid expansion were also observed as the secondary overpressure generation mechanism in well X-1. This secondary overpressure mechanism was observed to start approximately at depths of 10,000 ft (TVD). The top of overpressure and the pressure range in the wells studied varied from 6000 to 11,017 ft (TVD) and 1796.70 to 5297.00 psi respectively. The Eaton’s model under-predicts pore pressure at the depth interval where unloading mechanism is witnessed. Since the study revealed presence of secondary overpressure generation mechanism, Bowers model was observed to be the most reliable pore pressure prediction model in the area.

关键词： Pore Pressure Fracture Gradient Overpressure Models Niger Delta

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Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of urinary arsenic concentration for elementary school children in Bangladesh

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Global Health Journal 2024年第3期8卷 119-127页

作者： Raisa Sara Khalid M.Khan Shelbin Mattathil Munachimso nwankwo Mohammad Aminul Islam Faruque Parvez Department of Economics and International Business College of Business AdministrationSam Houston State UniversityHuntsvilleTX 77340USA Department of Public Health College of Health SciencesSam Houston State UniversityHuntsvilleTX 77340USA College of Osteopathic Medicine Sam Houston State UniversityConroeTX 77304USA Paul G.Allen School for Global Health Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Department of Environmental Health Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA

Background:Arsenic(As)is a toxic element that can lead to various health issues in *** primary exposure to As is through the consumption of water contaminated with high As levels,particularly in *** studies have shown that urinary arsenic(UAs)concentration can reflect As exposure and metabolism in ***,little is known about how other factors,such as age,sex,and socioeconomic status,may affect UAs concentrations in ***:This study aimed to investigate the influence of factors such as age,sex,and socioeconomic status on UAs concentrations in children,in addition to the impact of drinking water arsenic(WAs)***:We conducted our study on elementary school-going children aged 8-11 years from rural Araihazar in *** measured UAs(available for a subset of 391 children)and WAs levels and collected information on demographic and socioeconomic *** employed regression analysis and t-tests to analyze the ***:Our findings revealed that younger children(β=197.95,95%confidence interval[CI]:111.97 to 283.94),female children(β=93.95,95%CI:8.49 to 179.40),and children with less educated fathers(β=138.03,95%CI:26.47 to 249.58)had higher UAs levels,particularly when they consumed water with high As ***:The study concludes that children's As exposure and UAs concentration may vary depending on their age,sex,and socioeconomic ***,these factors should be considered when assessing the health risks associated with As.

关键词： Waterarsenic Rural children Socioeconomicfactors Bangladesh

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Geostatistical Correlation of Aquifer Potentials in Abia State, South-Eastern Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2011年第4期2卷 541-548页

作者： Magnus Uzoma Igboekwe Cyril Ngozi nwankwo 不详

In this paper, a collection of statistical correlation methods is used in the study of aquifer potentials in Abia State of south-eastern Nigeria. The Physiology, geomorphology and hydrogeology of the area are first presented. Sixty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data sets are used to determine the aquifer. Demographic studies are then carried out in 220 communities in order to determine the relationship between population size on one hand and a unit draw-down of wells due to groundwater abstraction on the other. The relationship between geological Formation, aquifer potentials and depth of boreholes are then calculated using Pearson’s correlation matrix. Results show that the mean population of persons appears to be higher in Bende-Ameki Formation (of Eocene-Oligocene age) and the late Tetiary-Early Quaternary Coastal Plain Sands, than in the Cretaceous shale Formation of Asata Nkporo. The mean population of persons sitting on these Formations is 31,200, 18,370 and 5400 respectively. Furthermore, it is observed that a population increase of about 50 persons in a community in Abia State is accompanied by a unit volume (1 m3) draw-down of wells due to groundwater abstraction. It is therefore concluded that population size is positively correlated with groundwater abstraction, aquifer potentials and geological Formation favouring aquifer in Abia State.

关键词： Geostatistics Pearson’s Correlation Groundwater Krigging Aquifer Bende-Ameki Formation Coastal Plain Sands.

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Integration of Well Logs and Seismic Data for Prospects Evaluation of an X Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2012年第4期3卷 872-877页

作者： Godwin Emujakporue Cyril nwankwo Leonard Nwosu University of Port Harcourt

Hydrocarbon reservoir beds have been delineated using direct hydrocarbon indicator on seismic sections as well as well logs data in X field, Onshore Niger Delta. The research methodology involved horizon interpretation to produce sub-surface structure map. Geophysical well log signatures were employed in identifying hydrocarbon bearing sand. The well-to-seismic tie revealed that the reservoir tied directly with hydrocarbon indicator (bright spot) on the seismic sections. The major structure responsible for the hydrocarbon entrapment is anticline. The crest of the anticline from the depth structural map occurs at 3450 metres.

关键词： Seismic Data Well Logs Prospect Niger Delta

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Impact of Past Mining Activities on Water Resources Around Active and Abandoned Mines and Quarries in Ebonyi State,South-Eastern Nigeria-A Mini Review

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Hydro Science & Marine Engineering 2020年第2期2卷 32-38页

作者： Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware Nnabo Paulinus nwankwo Christopher Ogwah Department of Geology Ebonyi State UniversityAbakaliki Ebonyi StateNigeria

This paper presents a review on previous activities of mining on water resources around active and abandoned mines/quarries across Ebonyi State,South-Eastern,*** high demand for water increases due to population growth and rapid development across the state,it is of upmost importance to periodically review water quality and also monitor water ***,less information is available on evaluation of impact on mining activities on water *** the purpose of this research,related articles were downloaded from Google,published article on effect of mining on water resources was download and thoroughly studied to evaluate effect of mining on water resources of the study *** revealed that past mining activities has lead to chains of complex chemical reactions that has altered the quality of water resources.

关键词： Groundwater Surface water Southern Benue Trough Acid mine drain Nigeria

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