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Analgesic Appraisal of Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) Leaf Extracts Used in Management of Oral Lesion Pain in HIV/AIDS Patients in Rodents

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第6期9卷 175-192页

作者： Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu Muhammad Ntale Steve Okwudili Ogbonnia Ezera Agwu Julius Kihdze Tanayen Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji chukwudi onyeka okonkwo Ambrose Amamchukwu Akunne Jennifer Chibuogwu Ebosie Frederick Byarugaba Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Clinical and Biopharmacy School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Uganda Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research (KIUCAMRES) Group Ishaka Uganda Department of Public Health Faculty of Applied Sciences Bishop Stuart University Mbarara Uganda Department of Chemistry Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli Anambra State Nigeria Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Uganda Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Kabale Kabale Uganda Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mba-rara Uganda Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Uganda Department of Pharmacology University of Gitwe Gitwe Rwanda Department of Human Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine Nnewi Campus Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Nigeria Department of Clinical and Biopharmacy School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Uganda Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda

Oral lesions, diarrhoea, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, tuberculosis and urinary tract infections are some of the opportunistic infections (OIs) which arise when the CD4 cells of the HIV/AIDS patient fall below 200 cells/mm3. HIV/AIDS infection complications include tissue damage from oral lesions accompanied with pains. Pain is a disagreeable sensory and sensitive experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. This condition requires immediate treatment with analgesics and antibiotics. However, the inability of rural dwellers to afford readily available drugs is a consequence for using herbs like Bidens pilosa whose local usefulness in the management of oral lesions of HIV/AIDS has not been proven scientifically. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide the scientific basis in rats for the traditional healers’ use of Bidens pilosa leaves’ extracts in managing pain associated with oral lesions of HIV/AIDS patients in South Western Uganda. Assessment of the analgesic effects of Bidens pilosa was conducted using acetic acid in mice, formalin-induced pain and tail flick methods in rats. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Bidens pilosa produced statistically significant dose dependent inhibition of acetic acid induced pain, non dose dependent pain reduction in formalin induced pain, (p < 0.05;student t-test) and non dose dependent tail withdrawal pattern (p < 0.05, Multivariate ANOVA test). Hence, we conclude that extracts of Bidens pilosa have an analgesic basis for their local use in treatment of oral lesions associated pain in HIV/AIDS patients in South-Western Uganda.

关键词： Local Use Bidens pilosa Pain Oral Lesion HIV/AIDS Rodents

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In vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoidesand Ocimum suaveExtracts against HIV/AIDS Patients’ Oral Bacteria in South-Western Uganda

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2017年第9期8卷 306-323页

作者： Joseph Obiezu Chukwujekwu Ezeonwumelu Muhammad Ntale Steve Okwudili Ogbonnia Ezera Agwu Julius Kihdze Tanayen Keneth Iceland Kasozi chukwudi onyeka okonkwo Anthonia Shodunke Ambrose Amamchukwu Akunne Onokiojare Ephraim Dafiewhare Jennifer Chibuogwu Ebosie Frederick Byarugaba Department of Pharmacy Faculty of MedicineMbarara University of Science and TechnologyMbararaUganda Department of Clinical and Biopharmacy School of PharmacyKampala International University Western CampusIshakaUganda Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research(KIUCAMRES)Group IshakaUganda Department of Chemistry Makerere UniversityKampalaUganda Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biomedical SciencesKampala International University Western CampusIshakaUganda Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineMbarara University of Science and TechnologyMbararaUganda Department of Physiology Faculty of Biomedical SciencesKampala International University Western CampusIshakaUganda Department of Human Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineNnewi CampusNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewiNigeria Department of Public Health Faculty of Applied SciencesBishop Stuart UniversityMbararaUganda Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineMbarara University of Science and TechnologyMbararaUganda Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of KabaleKabaleUganda

The objective of the study was to determine the antibacterial efficacy of Bidens pilosa Aqueous (BPA), Bidens pilosa Ethanolic (BPE), Ageratum conyzoides Aqueous (ACA), Ageratum conyzoides Ethanolic (ACE), Ocimum suave Aqueous (OSA) and Ocimum suave Ethanolic (OSE) extracts on HIV/AIDS patients’ oral bacteria. Healthy green leaves of the plants were collected in Ishaka Uganda, processed and portions separately extracted with hot distilled water and cold ethanol. The susceptibility, MIC and MBC of each extract were determined using standard protocols. The bacteria had significant (p Bidens pilosa, Ageratum conyzoides and Ocimum suave on oral lesions of HIV/AIDS patients made by traditional healers and local people in South-Western Uganda. We recommend a detailed study of structural identities and activities of the active antibacterial principle(s) in these plants for possible new drug entities and verification of the interactive effects of the principle(s) with ARVs and cotrimoxazole used daily by HIV/AIDS patients.

关键词： Antibacterial Efficacy Bidens Pilosa Ageratum Conyzoides Ocimum Suave Oral Bacteria HIV/AIDS Uganda

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Impact of Large Language Models on Scholarly Publication Titles and Abstracts:A Comparative Analysis

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Journal of Social Computing 2024年第2期5卷 105-121页

作者： Phoey Lee Teh chukwudi Festus Uwasomba the Department of Cyber and Computing Wrexham UniversityWrexhamLL112AWUK the School of Computing and Computing STEM FacultyThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Artificial Intelligence(AI)tools become essential across industries,distinguishing AI-generated from human-authored text is increasingly *** study assesses the coherence of AI-generated titles and corresponding abstracts in anticipation of rising AI-assisted document *** main goal is to examine the correlation between original and AI-generated titles,emphasizing semantic depth and similarity measures,particularly in the context of Large Language Models(LLMs).We argue that LLMs have transformed research focus,dissemination,and citation patterns across five selected knowledge areas:Business Administration and Management(BAM),Computer Science and Information Technology(CS),Engineering and Material Science(EMS),Medicine and Healthcare(MH),and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences(PBS).We collected 15000 titles and abstracts,narrowing the selection to 2000 through a rigorous multi-stage screening process adhering to our study’s *** shows that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that LLM outperforms human authors in article title generation or articles from the LLM era demonstrates a marked difference in semantic richness and readability compared to those from the ***,it asserts that LLM is a valuable tool and can assist researchers in generating *** LLM’s assistance,the researcher ensures that the content is reflective of the finalized abstract and core research themes,potentially increasing the impact and accessibility and readability of the academic work.

关键词： semantic alignment cosine similarity patterns large language models technology impact

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3D modeling of abnormal pore pressure in shallow offshore Niger delta: An application of seismic inversion

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Petroleum Research 2021年第2期6卷 158-171页

作者： Chukwuemeka Patrick Abbey Osita chukwudi Meludu Adetola Sunday Oniku a a Department of Physics Modibbo Adama University of Technology YolaNigeria Department of Petroleum Chemistry&Physics American University of NigeriaNigeria

Pore pressure is the pressure associated with fluids in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. Thispressure varies from hydrostatic to severe overpressure. It is classified as abnormal pressure when itdeviates from hydrostatic pressure. Incorrect prediction or the absence of pore pressure evaluation canlead to severe damage of the drilling platform, loss of personnel, waste of resources and environmentalpollution. This study was carried out in an offshore field in Niger Delta with an objective of predicting theabnormal pressure regime from the seismic volume using seismic inversion technique. First, weemployed the Eaton’s and Bower’s model of predicting pore pressure from Well log. The predicted porepressure from the well was used to calibrate the P-impedance that was used in the inversion process. Apressure-based model for the seismic inversion process was developed. This was constrained by therelationship between the P-impedance and pore pressure in the study area. The predicted pore pressurefrom the Well logs aligned with the measured pore pressure in the formation. At about 3600 m to end ofthe Well, depicts a pressure regime that is a deviation from the hydrostatic pressure trend. The abnormalpressure regime is marked by the region where a change is observed in the normal compaction trendline. The cross plot of acoustic impedance against pore pressure reveals a linear relationship;with adirect relationship indicating a normal pressure interval and the indirect relationship at the abnormalpressure regime. The inverted 3D pressure result from the seismic volume validates the normalcompaction trend line and also the pressure values estimated from the Well logs. The abnormal pressureregime in the study area is predicted to be found towards the end of Agbada Formation and through theAkata Formation due to the un-compacted shales.

关键词： Acoustic impedance Pressure Seismic inversion Formation Overpressure

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Revisiting the nexus between fiscal decentralization and CO_(2)emissions in South Africa:fresh policy insights

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 1384-1429页

作者： Maxwell chukwudi Udeagha Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach Department of Economics School of EconomicsUniversity of PretoriaHatfield CampusPrivate Bag X20Hatfield 0028South Africa

The argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission(CO_(2))reduction has received much ***,evidence to back this claim is *** theory predicts that fiscal decentralization affects environmental quality,but the specifics of this relationship are still up for *** scholars noted that fiscal decentralization might lead to a race to the top,whereas others contended that it would result in a race to the *** light of the current debates in environmental and development economics,this study aims to provide insight into how this relationship may function in South Africa from 1960 to *** contrast to the existing research,the present study uses a novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation approach to assess the positive and negative changes in fiscal decentralization,scale effect,technique effect,technological innovation,foreign direct investment,energy consumption,industrial growth,and trade openness on CO_(2)*** following are the main findings:(i)Fiscal decentralization had a CO_(2)emission reduction impact in the short and long run,highlighting the presence of the race to the top approach.(ii)Economic growth(as represented by the scale effect)eroded ecological ***,its square(as expressed by technique effect)aided in strengthening ecological protection,validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.(iii)CO_(2)emissions were driven by energy utilization,trade openness,industrial value-added,and foreign direct investment,whereas technological innovation boosted ecological *** suggest that further fiscal decentralization should be undertaken through further devolution of power to local entities,particularly regarding environmental policy issues,to maintain South Africa’s ecological *** Africa should also establish policies to improve environmental sustainability by strengthening a lower layer of government and clarifying responsibilities at t

关键词： Fiscal decentralization Trade openness CO_(2)emissions Dynamic ARDL simulations Energy consumption EKC Cointegration Economic growth Industrial value-added South Africa

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Darfur Crisis

Darfur Crisis

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作者： Paul Victor chukwudi 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

本篇论文所涉及的资料来源于学术和公共领域,包括政府报告、新闻报道、书籍和丹佛的一些当地媒体报道。论文旨在通过考查历史来了解丹佛危机的根源,为何应当引起国际社会的注意,以便在这一地区建立永久的和平。本论文研究发现,这场冲突... 详细信息

本篇论文所涉及的资料来源于学术和公共领域,包括政府报告、新闻报道、书籍和丹佛的一些当地媒体报道。论文旨在通过考查历史来了解丹佛危机的根源,为何应当引起国际社会的注意,以便在这一地区建立永久的和平。本论文研究发现,这场冲突是北方精英试图获得对苏丹民族财富和权力的绝对控制所引发的结果。为达到目标,北方精英使用武力来对付苏丹南部人民,这一事实已于2003年2月28号被英国BBC电视台公布。在这一报道中,由苏丹政府领导的金戈威德军队在对苏丹南部地区丹佛发动战争时,打出了这样的标语,“杀尽所有黑人”、“杀尽所有奴隶”,并称他们为非洲黑人。这种称呼的缘由就是,2003年2月,苏丹南部的一名信仰基督教的黑人领导苏丹人民解放运动军队和正义平等运动参加了一场战争,这场战争是为了阻止北方地区试图向南部地区推进它的边境界线,因为南方地区发现了石油。同时,也是针对黑人的种族歧视行动。然而,由于不允许南方人民完全参与政府的运作,以及国家财富的分配不均,北方地区也无力维持权力的平衡。这一反抗运动,很快发展成南方与北方大规模的战争,几乎将近100万人被杀,还有约250万到350万人流离失所,分别逃往苏丹的邻国,像乍得、中非共和国、乌干达。根据联合国高级委员会在2009年5月20日发表的一篇关于难民的报告,在2004年到2009年间,超过4300万人被迫离开他们的家乡和学校,成为难民大本营里面的一员,而在这期间,苏丹政府从未停止过驱逐它的老百姓。这篇论文的主要目的就是理解这些问题,并提供解决这些问题的策略,以保证整个苏丹的和平与发展,特别是苏丹南部地区的和平与发展。

关键词：和平与发展 Sudan 南部地区 political 苏丹政府学位论文丹佛新闻报道 committed conflict

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Validation of short version of evidence-based practice instruments among nurses in clinical practice:Evidence-based practice beliefs,implementation,and organizational culture

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中西医结合护理杂志(英文) 2023年第3期5卷 173-178页

作者： Easter chukwudi OSUCHUKWU Chinwe Florence EZERUIGBO Department of Nursing Science College of Medical SciencesUniversity of CalabarCalabarNigeria Department of Nursing Sciences Faculty of Health ServicesEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria

Objective:The objective of the study is to validate the short version of evidence-based practice(EBP)instruments among nurses in clinical ***:An institutional-based cross-sectional research design was used and a stratified sampling technique to select 285 nurse *** study utilized a structured questionnaire comprising of demographic data from the participants and three validated scales:the shortened versions of the EBP Beliefs Scale,the EBP Implementation Scale,and the Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Integration of Evidence-Based Practice(OCRSIEP)*** the use of descriptive statistics,the data were analyzed and presented in frequencies and percentages,while inter-item correlation coefficient(ICC)and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy were used to confirm the validity of using factor ***:Findings revealed the mean scores of the EBP Beliefs Scale ranged from 1.50 to 1.61,EBP Implementation Scale ranged from 1.84 to 1.94,and the OCRSIEP Scale ranged from 1.93 to *** the three shortened scales accordingly had good internal reliability,29.30±9.93 out of 80 for the EBP Beliefs Scale,19.56±7.37 out of 72 for the EBP Implementation Scale,and 66.32±20.35 out of 125 for the OCRSIEP ***:This study has generated a valid Short Version of EBP reliable instrument that is psychometrically robust that can be used by nurses and clinicians to evaluate EBP in clinical settings since the results presented as a whole confirmed the high reliability and factorial validity.

关键词： Evidence-based practice beliefs evidence-based practice instruments implementation organizational culture short version validation

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Exploring the moderating role of financial development in environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa:fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 79-130页

作者： Maxwell chukwudi Udeagha Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach School of Economics Department of EconomicsUniversity of PretoriaHatfield CampusPrivate Bag X20Hatfield 0028South Africa

The extant literature has produced mixed evidence on the relationship between finan-cial development and ecological *** work addresses this conundrum by investigating financial development’s direct and indirect consequences on ecologi-cal quality utilizing the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)methodological *** empirical analysis is based on the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations approach for South Africa between 1960 and *** results,which used five distinct financial development measures,demonstrate that financial develop-ment boosts ecological integrity and environmental sustainability over the long and short *** the instance of South Africa,we additionally confirm the validity of the EKC *** importantly,the outcomes of the indirect channels demonstrate that financial development increases energy usage’s role in causing pollution while attenuating the detrimental impacts of economic growth,trade openness,and foreign direct investment on ecological ***,the presence of an inadequate financial system is a requirement for the basis of the pollution haven hypothesis(PHH),which we examine using trade openness and foreign direct investment *** for both of these variables disappears when financial development crosses specified ***,industrial value addition destroys ecological quality while tech-nological innovation enhances *** research provides some crucial policy recom-mendations and fresh perspectives for South Africa as it develops national initiatives to support ecological sustainability and reach its net zero emissions goal.

关键词： Financial development Trade openness CO_(2)emissions Dynamic ARDL simulations Energy consumption EKC Cointegration Economic growth Foreign direct investment Industrial value-added South Africa

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China's Foreign Policy in Africa:Progress,Impacts and Challenges

China's Foreign Policy in Africa:Progress,Impacts and Challe...

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作者： Ngwoke Charles chukwudi（查理斯）山东大学

学位级别：硕士

中国的对非外交政策追及历史,尽管在方法与途径上有所改变,但是从未触及根本原则。目前的外交政策格局与当时政策制定的历史大背景是一致的,也就是说中国对非外交仍然遵循(和平共处)基本原则。(和平共处五项基本原则蕴含着中国外交政策... 详细信息

中国的对非外交政策追及历史,尽管在方法与途径上有所改变,但是从未触及根本原则。目前的外交政策格局与当时政策制定的历史大背景是一致的,也就是说中国对非外交仍然遵循(和平共处)基本原则。(和平共处五项基本原则蕴含着中国外交政策与外交关系的基本原则。)然而,由于国内政治与国际环境的改变,中国对非政策的方法和具体实施因此起起伏伏：根据由不断变化的可变因素带来的具体时间表而改变形式。20世纪50年代至70年代,中国的非洲政策主要围绕极力维护中国以及非洲国家的主权和独立而展开。冷战之风径直吹向边缘国家,导致反对帝国主义的“不结盟运动”的产生。作为一个事实上的发展中国家的“领头羊”,中国脱颖而出,捍卫自身的思想建设。20世纪80年代和90年代,中国外交政策的主要着眼点是防止非洲和南美洲国家承认台湾。(阎学通,“中国的国家利益分析”,第二卷,P114.天津人民出版社,1997年8月出版)台湾当时通过公共外交和对其经济优势的使用,试图限制中国在非洲和其他大陆不断增长的参与。这种竞争被一些非洲国家所利用。尼日尔共和国在1992年同时与中国大陆和台湾发展关系,直到后来选择与台湾建立,最后于1996年又转向中国。塞内加尔于1996年第三次转向台湾。1998年,伴随中国的信心和能力的增加,南非与台湾断绝关系。利比里亚和塞内加尔分别在2004年和于2005年如此效仿。2006年8月,乍得与中国的外交关系恢复正常化;马拉维紧随其后,在2007年也恢复了与中国的外交关系。截至2012年,除了四个非洲国家布基纳法索,圣多美和普林西比,斯威士兰,冈比亚之外,已有50个非洲国家承认一个中国的原则,中国成功地实现了重新团结非洲的政治目标。从20世纪90年代和2001年,中国转变成一个正在进行现代化的国家。从20世纪90年代不断增长的能源需求大大超出国内生产能力。实用主义开始在外交政策上占据主导地位,中国鼓励走出去寻求能源安全、材料和新的市场的全球战略。尽管中国有更为长期的与政治外交相关的战略,但是不能否认的是中国自2001年以来的对非外交本质上由经济外交因素驱使。(这包括中非在共同反对霸权主义强权政治和不平等国际规则时的互相支持,联合国人权会议上由发达国家提交的反对中国“人权记录”的11项提议。关于经济外交,论文引用了来自中国、非洲和其他国家的学者和高层政治官员的观点和说明。比如Li Anshan, He Wepeng, Adams Bodomo, Osita Ezeh, Liu Guijin)贺文萍指出,“中国的非洲政策超越了单纯追求资源的需求。相反,了解中国的非洲政策,关键是采取更为深远的看法,将中国的总体外交战略追求和中国的全球地位以及其为经济持续发展和在重要的全球问题上需要获取政治支持而做出的努力结合在一起。”[贺文萍,“中国非洲政策的平衡行为：超越资源,载于《中国安全》第3卷第3期,2007夏季刊,p.24。2007世界安全研究所]新出现的现象显示中国对非洲外交政策上的“三管齐下”：i.是中国经济发展主导的外交政策的广泛光谱的一部分;ii.中国线性发展模型的巩固和投影：是中国的历史延续性、现代的吸引力、软权力以及作为不同于西方对外关系和发展模式的替代方式的一部分。[请参考“中国模式：福山与张玮玮之间的对话,新视角季刊,民主制度研究中心,2011秋季,28(4)第40-67页]。iii.在南南合作方面建立一个更广泛的伙伴网络,以在许多地区和全球问题上支持中国,从而保持与发达北方国家的平衡(而非对抗)。国家利益、国际和地区环境、其他角色的行为,在互相依赖中的竞争等因素都在影响着外交政策。相互依存的其他国家根据自身的能力与国际形势,通过这个互相作用互相循环的过程获取利益与好处。[乔纳森·特纳,人权机构：社会进化理论,(Rowman and Littlefield,2004) p.259]针对这些因素,加上外交政策实施过程中的协调和控制问题,理性主义与实用主义倾向于某些机构的出现如中非合作论坛(FOCAC)来管理这些复杂的力量。在最一般的水平,这种关系围绕物质资本与经济发展展开。在互相依存的竞争中,地缘政治政策通过外交政策来实现-所有的政策制定都为如何获得其他社会的资源和市场服务,反过来这能够决定资源和市场获得、制度构建、生产力和分配过程的水平和形象。最终的目标,是经济和政治关系的诸多交易过程中的资本交换。在双边关系的水平上(国家-国家),中国关注经济外交和发展问题,然而在多变关系上(非洲联盟、中非合作论坛),对话集中于非常广泛的问题上,重点在于建立政治基础、支撑和框架以加强经济合作协议,巩固“友好伙伴关系”作为缓冲西方国家在某些全球问题和其他地区事务上施加的压力和非对称条件。如非洲联盟被设想为在地区和全球事

关键词： China African Countries Foreign Policy Mutual Respect Win-Win Economic Diplomacy Resources-for-Infrastructure South-South Cooperation

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Heterosis and combining ability in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第1期6卷 150-157页

作者： Chikezie Onuora Ene Peter Ejimofor Ogbonna Christian Ugwu Agbo Uchechukwu Paschal chukwudi Department of Crop Science University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Nigeria

The objective of this work was to evaluate four parental lines of cucumber which included:‘Zeina’(Zna),‘Beit Alpha’(BA),‘Straight 8’(Strght 8)and‘Calypso’(Capso)and six F1s generated by diallel cross,using randomized complete block design with three replications to study heterosis and combining ability for yield and yield component *** heterosis showed that cross‘ZnaCapso’had the highest Better Parent(BP)heterosis in total fruit yield/ha while‘BACapso’had the highest Mid Parent(MP)heterosis in the same *** general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining ability variances were obtained in all the traits implying that both the additive and non-additive gene effects operated in the genetic expression of the *** magnitude of GCA and SCA variances indicated preponderance of additive gene action for all the traits.‘Beit Alpha’and‘Straight 8’are best general combiners while‘BACapso’and‘CapsoStrght 8’were the best specific combiners for total fruit yield.

关键词： Cucumber Hybrid vigour Half diallel crosses GCA SCA

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