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RLS3, a protein with AAA+ domain localized in chloroplast, sustains leaf longevity in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第12期58卷 971-982页

作者： Yanhui Lin Lubin Tan Lei Zhao Xianyou sun chuanqing sun State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice) MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University

Leaf senescence plays an important role in crop developmental processes that dramatically affect crop yield and grain quality. The genetic regulation of leaf senescence is complex, involving many metabolic and signaling pathways. Here, we identified a rapid leaf senescence 3 （rls3） mutant that displayed accelerated leaf senescence, shorter plant height and panicle length, and lower seed set rate than the wild type. Map-based cloning revealed that RLS3 encodes a protein with AAA＋ domain, localizing it to chloroplasts. Sequence analysis found that the rls3 8ene had a single-nucleotide substitution （G--~A） at the splice site of the Ioth intron/11th exon, resulting in the cleavage of the first nucleotide in 11th exon and premature termination of P, LS3 protein translation. Using transmission electron microscope, the chloroplasts of the rls3 mutant were observed to degrade much faster than those of the wild type. The investigation of the leaf senescence process under dark incubation conditions further revealed that the rls3 mutant displayed rapid leaf senescence. Thus, the RLS3 gene plays key roles in sustaining the normal growth of rice, while loss of function in RLS3 leads to rapid leaf senescence. The identification of RLS3 will be helpful to elucidate the mechanisms involved in leaf senescence in rice.

关键词： AAA+ domain rapid leaf senescence rice RLS3

Origin of the Chinese cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第4期44卷 295-304页

作者： Xiangkun Wang chuanqing sun Hongwei Cai Juzhong Zhang Chinese Agr Univ Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Henan Archeolog Inst Zhengzhou 450004 Peoples R China

The following new research progresses are summarized and discussed, which are related to 3 main problems in origin of rice cultivation in China: 1. new hypothesis of rice cultivation in Chinamiddle Yangtze River and upper Huai River regions; 2. primitive cultivated rice and the strengthen period of domestication; 3. genetic diversity centers of cultivated rice in China; 4. China and South Asia might be two independent systems of origin and differentiation of Asian cultivated rice; 5. morphological classification of common wild rice of China; 6. primitive progenitor of common wild rice; 7. direct progenitor of cultivated rice; 8. present or not the annual wild rice in China; 9. differentiation or not the common wild rice into Indica and Japonica; 10. origin and differentiation of Indica and Japonica.

关键词： rice cultivation of China homeland of cultivated rice progenitor of cultivated rice origin of Indica and Japonica.

Characterization of a novel high-tillering dwarf 3 mutant in rice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2011年第9期38卷 411-418页

作者： Bosen Zhang Feng Tian Lubin Tan Daoxin Xie chuanqing sun School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice) Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Tiller number and culm length are important components of plant architecture and determinate grain production in rice.A line SIL046, derived from an introgression lines population developed by an accession of common wild rice（Oryza rufipogon Griff.） and a high-yielding indica cultivar Guichao 2（Oryza sativa L.）,exhibits a higher tiller number and shorter culm length phenotype than the recipient parent Guichao 2（GC2）.Genetic analysis showed that the high-tillering dwarf phenotype was controlled by a novel single recessive gene,referred to as the high-tillering dwarf 3（htd3）,which located within the genetic distance of 13.4 cM between SSR makers RM7003 and RM277 on chromosome *** means of fine-mapping strategy,we mapped HTD3 gene within the genetic distance of 2.5 cM and the physical distance of 3100 kb in the centromere of chromosome *** identification of HTD3 gene would provide a new opportunity to uncover the molecular mechanism of the development of culm and tiller,two important components of yields in rice.

关键词： Rice High-tillering Dwarf Mapping

A gain-of-function mutation of OsMAPK6 leads to long grain in rice

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The Crop Journal 2021年第6期9卷 1481-1485页

作者： Lina Xiong Lubin Tan Ran Xu Zuofeng Zhu Xianyou sun Hongying sun chuanqing sun State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants(Rice) Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementLaboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMinistry of EducationDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Grain size is one of the most important agronomic traits controlling grain yield. Development of novel germplasm with large grains would be beneficial for crop improvement. We report the genetic identification and functional analysis of the LONG GRAIN 6(LOG6) gene, which is identical to MITOGENACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 6(OsMAPK6), affecting grain length of rice. Map-based cloning revealed that the long-grain phenotype of log6-D results from a glutamine(E) to lysine(K) mutation in the conserved TEY motif of OsMAPK6. In near-isogenic lines(NILs), the log6-D allele increased grain length and grain yield of Guichao 2(GC2), Teqing(TQ), and 93–11. Sequence analysis revealed 10 OsMAPK6 haplotypes,with xian(indica) and geng(japonica) harboring different haplotypes. Our findings shed light on the function of MAPKs and offer a novel dominant allele for improving the grain yield of rice.

关键词： Rice Grain length OsMAPK6 MAPK TEY motif

GS6, A Member of the GRAS Gene Family,Negatively Regulates Grain Size in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第10期55卷 938-949页

作者： Lianjun sun Xiaojiao Li Yongcai Fu Zuofeng Zhu Lubin Tan Fengxia Liu Xianyou sun Xuewen sun chuanqing sun State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice) MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants(Rice) MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University

Grain size is an important yield-related trait in rice. Intensive artificial selection for grain size during domestication is evidenced by the larger grains of most of today＇s cultivars compared with their wild relatives. However, the molecular genetic control of rice grain size is still not well characterized. Here, we report the identification and cloning of Grain Size 6 （GS6）, which plays an important role in reducing grain size in rice. A premature stop at the ＋348 position in the coding sequence （CDS） of GS6 increased grain width and weight significantly. Alignment of the CDS regions of GS6 in 90 rice materials revealed three GS6 alleles. Most japonica varieties （95%） harbor the Type I haplotype, and 62.9% of indica varieties harbor the Type II haplotype. Association analysis revealed that the Type I haplotype tends to increase the width and weight of grains more than either of the Type II or Type III haplotypes. Further investigation of genetic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms of GS6 showed that the GS6 gene was strongly selected in japonica cultivars. In addition, a ＂ggc＂ repeat region identified in the region that encodes the GRAS domain of GS6 played an important historic role in the domestication of grain size in rice. Knowledge of the function of GS6 might aid efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that control grain development and evolution in rice plants, and could facilitate the genetic improvement of rice yield.

关键词： Domestication GS6 , grain size haplotype Oryza sativa rice.

Identification and classification of subspecies of Asian cultivated rice and their hybrids

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第22期43卷 1864-1872页

作者： Xiangkun Wang Renhua Li chuanqing sun Zichao Li Hongwei Cai Xinli sun China Agr Univ Beijing 100094 Peoples R China

Having reviewed the major classification systems proposed by various scholars across the world, it is found that \%indica\% and \%japonica\% under \%***\% L. are two major directions thoroughly differentiated from the Asian cultivated rice, forming the framework of the classification structure. A system with \%indica\% and \%japonica\% as the only two subspecies is therefore *** are various ways to determine the indica_japonica identity of hybrid rice, but the "combined morphological trait index"(CMT index) method is more efficient and easier to handle, although the isozyme analysis, molecular marker analysis and grain quality assay methods are also feasible.

关键词： Asian cultivated rice subspecies intersubspecific hybrids identification classification.

Molecular Evolution of the TACl Gene from Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第10期39卷 551-560页

作者： Jiahuan Jiang Lubin Tan Zuofeng Zhu Yongcai Fu Fengxia Liu Hongwei Cai chuanqing sun State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Centre for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants(Rice)Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Rice Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural ScienceFuzhou 350018China

Tiller angle is a key feature of the architecture of cultivated rice （Oryza sativa）, since it determines planting density and influences rice yield. Our previous work identified Tiller Angle Control 1 （TACI） as a major quantitative trait locus that controls rice filler angle. To further clarify the evolutionary characterization of the TAC1 gene, we compared a TACl-containing 3164-bp genomic region among 113 cultivated varieties and 48 accessions of wild rice, including 43 accessions of O. rufipogon and five accessions of O. nivara. Only one single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP）, a synonymous substitution, was detected in TAC1 coding regions of the cultivated rice varieties, whereas one synonymous and one nonsynonymous SNP were detected among the TAC1 coding regions of wild rice accessions. These data indicate that little natural mutation and modification in the TAC1 coding region occurred within the cultivated rice and its progenitor during evolution. Nucleotide diversities in the TAC1 gene regions of O. sativa and O. rufipogon of 0.00116 and 0.00112, respectively, further indicate that TAC1 has been highly conserved during the course of rice domestication. A functional nucleotide polymorphism （FNP） of TAC1 was only found in the japonica rice group. A neutrality test revealed strong selection, especially in the 3＇-flanking region of the TAC1 coding region containing the FNP in the japonica rice group. However, no selection occurred in the indica and wild-rice groups. A phylogenetic tree derived from TAC1 sequence analysis suggests that the indica and japonica subspecies arose indepen- dently during the domestication of wild rice.

关键词： Diversity Evolution Rice Sequence TAC1

NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF 2 regulates leaf shape,male fertility, and seed size in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第12期58卷 983-996页

作者： Shuangshuang Zhao Lei Zhao Fengxia Liu Yongzhen Wu Zuofeng Zhu chuanqing sun Lubin Tan National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice) Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization MOE Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry China Agricultural University

Grain yield in rice （Oryza sativa L.） is closely related to leaf and flower development. Coordinative regulation of leaf, pollen, and seed development in rice as a critical biological and agricultural question should be addressed. Here we identified two allelic rice mutants with narrow and semi- rolled leaves, named narrow and rolled leaf2-1 （nrl2-1） and nr12- 2. Map-based molecular cloning revealed that NRL2 encodes a novel protein with unknown biochemical function. The mutation of NRL2 caused pleiotropic effects, including a reduction in the number of longitudinal veins, defective abaxial sclerenchymatous cell differentiation, abnormal tape- tum degeneration and microspore development, and the formation of more slender seeds compared with the wild type （WT）. The NRL2 protein interacted with Rolling-leaf （RL14）, causing the leaves of the nrl2 mutants to have a higher cellulose content and lower Iignin content than the WT, which may have been related to sclerenchymatous cell differentia- tion and tapetum degeneration. Thus, this gene is an essential developmental regulator controlling fundamental cellular and developmental processes, serving as a potential breeding target for high-yielding rice cultivars.

关键词： nrl2 narrow and rolled leaf sclerenchymatous cell malefertility seed size secondary cell wall

LHD1,an Allele of DTH8/Ghd8,Controls Late Heading Date in Common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第10期54卷 790-799页

作者： Xiaodong Dai Younian Ding Lubin Tan Yongcai Fu Fengxia Liu Zuofeng Zhu Xianyou sun Xuewen sun Ping Gu Hongwei Cai chuanqing sun State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry National Evaluation Centre for Agricultural Wild Plants(Rice)Laboratory ofCrop Heterosis and Utilization of the Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of PlantGenetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Flowering at suitable time is very important for plants to adapt to complicated environments and produce their seeds successfully for reproduction. In rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.） photoperiod regulation is one of the important factors for controlling heading date. Common wild rice, the ancestor of cultivated rice, exhibits a late heading date and a more sensitive photoperiodic response than cultivated rice. Here, through map-based cloning, we identified a major quantitative trait loci （QTL） LHD1 （Late Heading Date 1）, an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, which controls the late heading date of wild rice and encodes a putative HAP3/NF-YB/CBF-A subunit of the CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor. Sequence analysis revealed that several variants in the coding region of LHD1 were correlated with a late heading date, and a further complementary study successfully rescued the phenotype. These results suggest that a functional site for LHD1 could be among those variants present in the coding region. We also found that LHD1 could down-regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions, but not under short-day conditions. This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 under long-day conditions.

关键词： Rice LHD1 heading date CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor.