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Denitrification Losses and N_2O Emissions from Nitrogen Fertilizer Applied to a Vegetable Field

Pedosphere 2006年第3期16卷 390-397页

作者： CAO Bing he Fa-Yun Xu Qiu-Ming Yin Bin CAI Gui-Xin state key laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 （China） institute of plant Nutrition and Resources Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100089 （China）

A field experiment was conducted on chinese cabbage （Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis （Lour.） Olsson） in a Nanjing suburb in 2003. The experiment included 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates： zero chemical fertilizer N （CK）; urea at rates of 300 kg N ha^-1 （U300） and 600 kg N ha^-1 （U600）, both as basal and two topdressings; and polymer-coated urea at a rate of 180 kg N ha^-1 （PCU180） as a basal application. The acetylene inhibition technique was used to measure denitrification （N2 ＋ N2O） from intact soil cores and N2O emissions in the absence of acetylene. Results showed that compared to （3K total denitrification losses were significantly greater （P ≤ 0.05） in the PCU180, U300, and U600 treatments,while N2O emissions in the U300 and U600 treatments were significantly higher （P ≤ 0.05） than （3K. In the U300 and U600 treatments peaks of denitrification and N2O emission were usually observed after N application. In the polymer-coated urea treatment （PCU180） during the period 20 to 40 days after transplanting, higher denitrification rates and N2O fluxes occurred. Compared with urea, polymer-coated urea did not show any effect on reducing denitrification losses and N2O emissions in terms of percentage of applied N. As temperature gradually decreased from transplanting to harvest, denitrification rates and N2O emissions tended to decrease. A significant （P ≤0.01） positive correlation occurred between denitrification （r = 0.872） or N2O emission （r = 0.781） flux densities and soil temperature in the CK treatment with a stable nitrate content during the whole growing season.

关键词： denitrification loss N2O emission polymer-coated urea urea vegetable field

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Cloning and characterization of an up-regulated GA 20-oxidase gene in hybrid maize

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第2期19卷 161-166页

作者： Jinkun Du,Yingyin Yao,Zhongfu Ni,Qixin Sun Department of plant Genetics & Breeding and state key laboratory for Agrobiotechnology,key laboratory of Crop genomics and Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture/beijing key laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,china Agricultural University,beijing 100094,china Department of plant Genetics & Breeding and state key laboratory for Agrobiotechnology Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

Previous studies revealed that GA content and metabolism are positively correlated with a faster shoot growth rate of hybrid,and recently,genes participating in both GA biosynthesis and GA response pathways were also found to be differentially expressed between wheat hybrid and its parental inbreds. In this study,an up-regulated GA 20-oxidase gene in a maize hybrid,designated ZmGA20,was cloned. ZmGA20 contains an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 391 amino acid residues. BLASTX searches in GenBank revealed that the ZmGA20 is homologous to the sequences of GA20ox proteins from different species,and analysis also indicated that ZmGA20 had typical features of GA 20-oxidase proteins,including a "LPWKET" sequence. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that ZmGA20 was expressed in different tissues and/or organs. The expression level of ZmGA20 in the hybrid was higher than that in two parents (in roots,leaves,stems and embryo,and ears). The abundance of ZmGA20 transcript was equal to that of the highly expressed parents,which provided molecular evidence for the observed GA content heterosis in maize hybrids.

关键词： GA 20-oxidase Gene expression Maize heterosis

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Structure and regulatory function of plant transcription factors

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第4期46卷 271-278页

作者： LIU Qiang, ZHANG Guiyou & CheN ShouyiDepartment of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Tsinghua Univorsity, beijing 100084, china Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, state laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084, china institute of Genetics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology State Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Tsinghua University Beijing China institute of Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The expression of inducible genes in plants is regulated by specific transcription factors at the transcrip-tional level. A typical transcription factor usually contains a DNA-binding domain, a transcription regulation domain, a dimerization site and a nuclear localization domain. These functional domains define the characteristic, localization and regulatory role of a transcription factor. Transcription factors recognize and bind to specific cis-acting elements or interact with other proteins, and then activate or repress the transcription of target genes by their functional domains. In recent years, elucidation on the structure and function of transcription factors has become an important subject in plant molecular biology.

关键词： transcription factor DNA-binding domain cis-acting element.

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plant DNA barcoding in china

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 165-168页

作者： 1De-zhu LI 2Jian-Quan LIU 3Zhi-Duan CheN 1Hong WANG 4Xue-Jun GE 3Shi-Liang ZHOU 1Lian-Ming GAO 5Cheng-Xin FU 6Shi-Lin CheN 1(plant Germplasm and genomics Centre,Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest china key laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Kunming institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,Kunming 650204,china) 2(key laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology,College of Life sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,china) 3(state key laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100093,china) 4(key laboratory of plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization,South china Botanical Garden,chinese academy of sciences,Guangzhou 510650,china) 5(key laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education,College of Life sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,china) 6(institute of Medicinal plant Development,chinese academy of Medical sciences,Peking Union Medical College,beijing 100193,china) (plant Germplasm and genomics Centre Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China key laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (key laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology College of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China) (state key laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (key laboratory of plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China) (key laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China) (institute of Medicinal plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China)

Identification is the keystone of biology(Bell, 1986).However,to biologists and students of biology, the total numbers of species that must be identified far outnumber the names commonly used in English,chinese,or oth... 详细信息

关键词： DNA plant DNA barcoding in china matK

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Expression of a Modified Cry1Ie Gene in E. coli and in Transgenic Tobacco Confers Resistance to Corn Borer

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第4期36卷 309-313页

作者： Yun-Jun LIU, Fu-Ping SONG1, Kang-Lai he1, Yuan YUAN, Xiao-Xia ZHANG, Peng GAO, Jian-Hua WANG, and Guo-Ying WANG * state key laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Center for Maize Improvement, china Agricultural University, beijing 100094, china 1state key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests, institute of plant Protection, CAAS, beijing 100094, china state key laboratory for Agrobiotechnology National Center for Maize Improvement China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094 China state key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionCAAS Beijing 100094 China

The wild-type Cry1Ie gene from Bacillus thuringiensis was modified for its efficient expression in transgenic plants. Modified Cry1Ie gene (designated as Cry1Iem) was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET28b and its expression in E. coli was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. Bioassays using crude expression products in E. coli revealed that Cry1Iem protein had a similar toxicity to corn borer as wild-type Cry1Ie. Cry1Iem gene was then inserted downstream of the maize ubiquitin-1 promoter in plant expression vector p3301. Transgenic tobacco plants carrying Cry1Iem showed insecticidal activity against corn borer.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Iem transgenic tobacco insect-resistance

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Effect of elevated CO_2 on CH_4 emission

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chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第13期44卷 1153-1157页

作者： WANG Dalistate key laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences , beijing 100085, china state key laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China

Global CH4 emission may increase under CO2 enrichment condition, which is projected for the future. CO2 enrichment could affect CH4 emission in two ways: （ ⅰ ） Photosynthesis of plants that also include plants in rice paddies and natural wetlands will be stimulated under CO2 enrichment condition. CH4 emission rate may be increased due to the accumulation of more plant biomass, root exudes and soil organic matters. （ ⅱ ） Combined with other global warming forces, CO2 enrichment may bring a change of atmospheric temperature and precipitation around the world. CH4 emission will also be changed with the variation of the area and distribution of rice paddies and natural wetlands.

关键词： global change CO2 enrichment CH4 emission.

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Induction of nicotine in tobacco by herbivory and its relation to glucose oxidase activity in the labial gland of three noctuid caterpillars

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chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第15期49卷 1596-1601页

作者： ZONG Na1,2 & WANG Chenzhu1 1.state key laboratory of Integrated Management of Insects & Rodents,institute of Zoology,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080,china 2.Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080,china Correspondence should be addressed to Wang Chenzhu(e-mail: czwang@***) state key laboratory of Integrated Management of Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100080 China

Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. is a host plant of helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), helicoverpa assulta Guenée and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The difference in leaf nicotine response to the feeding by these three larvae and the mechanical simulation of their feeding was examined by HPLC. Results indicated that nico- tine induction was suppressed by H. armigera and H. assulta larvae feeding or by simulated damage treated with their labial glands extracts. The production of nicotine was also suppressed by the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger when it was treated on mechanically wounded leaf area. On the contrary, the nicotine production was stimulated by S. litura larva feeding or by simulated damage treated with its labial gland extract. heat denature can not counteract the stimulation effect of the S. litura labial gland extracts to to- bacco nicotine production. The glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of both H. armigera and H. assulta, but the activity in H. armigera was significantly higher than that in H. assulta. No glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of S. litura. It is shown that the glucose oxidase activity in labial glands of caterpil- lars plays an important role in the nicotine response to her- bivory. The glucose oxidase was mainly contained in the la- bial gland of H. armigera larva, and had the highest activity at pH 7.0. D-Glucose was the optimal substrate of the glucose oxidase. Labial gland glucose oxidase activities varied daily during larval development with high activities found when larvae were actively feeding.

关键词：烟碱烟草葡萄糖氧化酶三夜蛾毛虫棉铃虫烟毒虫斜纹夜蛾

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Cloning and expression profiles of 15 genes encoding WRKY transcription factor in wheat (Triticum aestivem L.)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第6期18卷 697-705页

作者： Hualing wu,Zhongfu Ni,Yingyin Yao,Ganggang Guo,Qixin Sun* Department of plant Genetics&Breeding and state key laboratory for Agrobiotechnology,key laboratory of Crop heterosis and Utilization,Ministry of Education,key laboratory of Crop genomics and Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture/beijing key laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,china Agricultural University,beijing 100094,china Department of plant Genetics & Breeding and state key laboratory for Agrobiotechnology Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

WRKY proteins are involved in various physiological processes,including biotic and abiotic stress responses,hormone responses and ***,no systematic identification,expression and function analysis of WRKY genes in wheat were *** this study,we isolated 15 wheat cDNAs with complete open reading frame(ORF)encoding putative WRKY proteins using in silico *** analysis indicated that the 15 wheat WRKY genes belonged to three major WRKY *** analysis revealed that most genes expressed drastically in leaf,except TaWRKY10 which expressed in crown *** genes were strongly up-reg-ulated with the senescence of *** genes were responsive to low temperature,high temperature,NaCl or PEG ***-over,dierential expression patterns were also observed between wheat hybrid and its parents,and some genes were more responsive to PEG treatment in the *** results demonstrated that wheat WRKY genes are involved in leaf senescing and abiotic *** the changed expression of these WRKY genes in hybrid might contribute to the heterosis by improving the stress tolerance in hybrids.

关键词： Wheat WRKY transcription factor Gene cloning Gene expression heterosis

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Photosynthetically active radiation retrieval based on HJ-1A/B satellite data

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第S1期53卷 81-91页

作者： LI Li1,XIN XiaoZhou1,SU GaoLi1,2 & LIU QinHuo1 1 state key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,institute of Remote Sensing Applications,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china 2 Zhejiang Climate Center,Hangzhou 310017,china state key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Zhejiang Climate Center Hangzhou China

Photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) is essential for plant photosynthesis and carbon cycle,and is also important for meteorological and environmental *** advance china's disaster and environmental monitoring capabilities,the HJ-1A/B satellites have been placed in Earth *** of their environmental monitoring objectives is the study of *** simulated direct solar,scattered and environment radiation between 400 and 700 nm under different atmospheric parameters(solar zenith angle,atmospheric water vapor,atmospheric ozone,aerosol optical thickness,surface elevation and surface albedo),and then established a look-up table between these input parameters and *** on the look-up table,we used HJ-1A/B aerosol and surface albedo outputs to derive the corresponding *** of inversed instantaneous and observed PAR values using HJ-1 heihe experimental data had a root mean square error of 25.2 W m-2,with a relative error of 5.9%.The root mean square error for accumulated daily PAR and observed values was 0.49 MJ m-2,with a relative error of 3.5%.Our approach improved significantly the computational efficiency,compared with using directly radiation transfer *** also studied the sensitivity of various input parameters to photosynthetically active radiation,and found that solar zenith angle and atmospheric aerosols were sensitive PAR *** albedo had some effect on PAR,but water vapor and ozone had minimal impact on PAR.

关键词： Photosynthetically active radiation 6S HJ-1A/B satellites

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物种异步性在不同增温条件下维持群落稳定性

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Journal of plant Ecology 2024年第3期17卷 104-114页

作者： Qianxin Jiang Juntao zhu Peili Shi Yunlong he Yangjian Zhang Jun Yan Wendong Xie Ning Zong Ge Hou Ruonan Shen jiahe Zheng key laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Nagqu Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Research and Promotion Center Nagqu 852000China

不对称季节性增温,即冬季的温度增加明显高于夏季,已成为全球变暖的一个重要特征,尤其在寒冷和高海拔地区。过去的研究主要关注全年的温度增高,而对冬季增温的关注相对较少。然而,关于冬季增温对生态系统功能的影响存在显著的知识空缺... 详细信息

不对称季节性增温,即冬季的温度增加明显高于夏季,已成为全球变暖的一个重要特征,尤其在寒冷和高海拔地区。过去的研究主要关注全年的温度增高,而对冬季增温的关注相对较少。然而,关于冬季增温对生态系统功能的影响存在显著的知识空缺。为了解决这个问题,我们在青藏高原的高寒草甸进行了为期8年的控制增温实验,设置3种处理:自然对照、全年增温和冬季增温。结果发现,无论是全年增温还是冬季增温都没有显著改变群落水平的物种丰富度。值得注意的是,通过物种异步性,群落生物量的稳定性得以维持。然而,增温对植物丰度组(优势种、常见种和稀有种)产生了显著影响。具体而言,冬季增温增强了优势种的稳定性,这是通过增加优势种的物种异步性,即禾本科植物和非禾本科杂草植物之间发生了补偿动态来实现的。相反,全年增温降低了常见种的稳定性,这与常见种丰富度的增加和常见种中异步性的下降相关。因此,本研究强调了高寒草甸在不同增温条件下通过物种异步动态来维持群落生物量稳定性的能力,这些研究结果为理解青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统特征提供了新见解。

关键词：不对称季节性增温优势种生态水平物种异步性时间稳定性冬季增温

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