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Idealized Experiments for Optimizing Model Parameters Using a 4D-Variational Method in an Intermediate Coupled Model of ENSO

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第4期35卷 410-422页

作者： chuan gao Rong-Hua ZHANG Xinrong WU Jichang SUN Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 China Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation Shandong Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266001 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology State Oceanic Administration National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300000 China

Large biases exist in real-time ENSO prediction, which can be attributed to uncertainties in initial conditions and model parameters. Previously, a 4D variational （4D-Vat） data assimilation system was developed for an intermediate coupled model （ICM） and used to improve ENSO modeling through optimized initial conditions. In this paper, this system is further applied to optimize model parameters. In the ICM used, one important process for ENSO is related to the anomalous temperature of subsurface water entrained into the mixed layer （Te）, which is empirically and explicitly related to sea level （SL） variation. The strength of the thermocline effect on SST （referred to simply as ＂the thermocline effect＂） is represented by an introduced parameter, （l＇Te. A numerical procedure is developed to optimize this model parameter through the 4D-Var assimilation of SST data in a twin experiment context with an idealized setting. Experiments having their initial condition optimized only, and having their initial condition plus this additional model parameter optimized, are compared. It is shown that ENSO evolution can be more effectively recovered by including the additional optimization of this parameter in ENSO modeling. The demonstrated feasibility of optimizing model parameters and initial conditions together through the 4D-Var method provides a modeling platform for ENSO studies. Further applications of the 4D-Vat data assimilation system implemented in the ICM are also discussed.

关键词： intermediate coupled model ENSO modeling 4D-Var data assimilation system optimization of model param- eter and initial condition

The 2020–2021 prolonged La Niña evolution in the tropical Pacific

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第12期65卷 2248-2266页

作者： chuan gao Maonan CHEN Lu ZHOU Licheng FENG Rong-Hua ZHANG Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China

The evolution of sea surface temperature(SST)in the tropical Pacific during 2020–2021 indicates a second-year cooling in late 2021 again,following the 2020 La Niña *** physical explanations are still lacking,and there is a clear need to understand the underlying processes *** data and reanalysis products are used to describe the characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution of upper-ocean thermal anomalies;an intermediate coupled model(ICM)is also used to perform numerical experiments to confirm these observation-based *** evolution of subsurface thermal anomalies is critically important to that of SST in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific;the effects of the former on the latter can be well represented by the temperature of subsurface waters entrained into the mixed layer(Te),a field that reflects a subsurface forcing on *** SST evolution is sensitively dependent on the intensities of the local effect associated with Te anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific and the remote effect associated with subsurface anomalies from the western *** early-and mid-2021,a competition was present between these local and remote effects associated with Te *** the remote warming effect dominates the local cooling effect,the cold SST condition in the east is likely to turn into neutral and warm conditions;otherwise,it tends to *** addition,the negative Te anomalies were sustained and enhanced by off-equatorial processes due to equatorial wave reflections at the eastern boundary associated with the 2020 La Niña *** SST evolution in mid-2021 corresponded to a situation in which the warming effect associated with positive subsurface thermal anomalies from the west were not strong enough to counteract the local cooling effect associated with negative anomalies in the *** due course,cold SST anomalies in the east developed again and the second-year cooling reoccurred in late 2021,with a turning point in

关键词： Prolonged La Niña evolution in 2020-2021 Subsurface effect on SST Remote and local processes Modeling experiments

禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌生物被膜形成的调控机制研究进展

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动物医学进展 2024年第1期45卷 100-103页

作者：于鲁敏信阳杨传宗罗茜高艳宏薛挺临沂大学农林科学学院山东临沂276000 安徽农业大学生命科学学院安徽合肥230036

禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌能够引起禽类感染性细菌病,给禽类养殖业造成了重大的经济损失,并严重限制了禽类养殖业的健康发展。为了了解禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌的感染机制,论文简述了生物被膜的形成过程及其危害。细菌生物被膜的形成不但增强... 详细信息

禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌能够引起禽类感染性细菌病,给禽类养殖业造成了重大的经济损失,并严重限制了禽类养殖业的健康发展。为了了解禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌的感染机制,论文简述了生物被膜的形成过程及其危害。细菌生物被膜的形成不但增强细菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,而且导致宿主持续和反复性感染,同时还很难被预防、控制和清除。论文还分析了普遍存在于各类细菌中的重要调控系统——群体感应、双组份系统和第二信使的信号转导途径及其调控机制,并阐述了群体感应、双组份系统和第二信使以及两系统间的互作网络对细菌生物被膜的影响。因此,了解多系统共同调控生物被膜形成的分子机制或许可以作为破坏生物被膜形成的新策略,从而为控制由生物被膜引起的感染和抗菌药物耐药性提供研究方向。

关键词：禽致病性大肠埃希氏菌生物被膜群体感应双组份系统第二信使

Bi-salt electrolyte for aqueous rechargeable aluminum battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 613-620页

作者： Yaning gao Yu Li Haoyi Yang Lumin Zheng Ying Bai chuan Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology Jiaxing 314019ZhejiangChina

The exertion of superior high-energy density based on multivalent ions transfer of rechargeable aluminum batteries is greatly hindered by limited electrochemical stability window of typical water in salt electrolyte(Wi SE). Recently, it is reported that a second salt addition to the Wi SE can offer further suppression of water activities, and achieves a much wider electrochemical window compared with aqueous Wi SE electrolytes. Hence, we demonstrate a class of water in bi-salt electrolyte containing the trifluoromethanesulfonate(OTF), which exhibits an ultra-wide electrochemical window of 4.35 V and a very low overpotential of 14.6 m V. Moreover, the interface chemistry between cathode and electrolyte is also confirmed via kinetic analysis. Surprisingly, we find the electrolyte can effectively suppress Mn dissolution from the cathode, alleviate self-discharge behavior, and ensure a stable electrode–electrolyte interface based on the interface concentrated-confinement effect. Owing to these unique merits of water in bi-salt electrolyte, the AlxMnO_(2)·nH_(2)O material delivers a high capacity of 364 m Ah g;and superb long-term cycling performance > 150 cycles with a capacity decay rate of 0.37% per cycle with coulombic efficiency at ca. 95%.

关键词： Rechargeable aluminum battery Water in bi-salt electrolyte Wide electrochemical window Stable surface Reaction mechanisms

A Model Predicting Lymph Node Status for Patients with Clinical Stage TlaNO-2MO Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第4期130卷 398-403页

作者： Ruo-chuan Zang Bin Qiu Shu-Geng gao Jie He Department of Thoracic Surgery Peking Union Medical College Cancer Hospital and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100021 China

Background： Lymph node status of patients with early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer has an influence on the choice of surgery. To assess the lymph node status more correspondingly and accurately, we evaluated the relationship between the preoperative clinical variables and lymph node status and developed one model for predicting lymph node involvement. Methods： We collected clinical and dissected lymph node information of 474 patients with clinical stage TlaN0-2M0 nonsmall cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Logistic regression analysis of clinical characteristics was used to estimate independent predictors of lymph node metastasis. The prediction model was validated by another group. Results： Eighty-two patients were diagnosed with positive lymph nodes （17.3%）, and four independent predictors of lymph node disease were identified： larger consolidation size （odds ratio [OR] = 2.356, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.517-3.658, P 〈 0.001）, central tumor location （OR = 2.810, 95% CI： 1.545-5.109, P = 0.001 ）, abnormal status of tumor marker （OR = 3.190, 95% CI： 1.797-5.661, P 〈 0.001 ）, and clinical N1-N2 stage （OR = 6.518, 95% CI： 3.242-11.697, P 〈 0.001）. The model showed good calibration （Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit, P 〈 0.766） with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve （AUC） of 0.842 （95% [CI]： 0.797-0.886）. For the validation group, the AUC was 0.810 （95% CI： 0.731-0.889）. Conclusions： The model can assess the lymph node status of patients with clinical stage TlaN0-2M0 NSCLC, enable surgeons perform an individualized prediction preoperatively, and assist the clinical decision-making procedure.

关键词： Carcinoma Diagnosis Lymph Nodes Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Predictive Models

致密油藏CO_(2)吞吐驱油和封存注采参数敏感性分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段致密油藏典型储集层为例

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新疆石油地质 2024年第2期45卷 181-188页

作者：丁帅伟张蒙李远铎许川周义鹏高群于红岩西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室西安710069 西北大学地质学系西安710069 西北大学陕西省碳中和技术重点实验室西安710069

致密油藏CO_(2)吞吐开发具有提高原油采收率和封存CO_(2)的双重效果。目前,对致密油藏CO_(2)吞吐驱油和封存研究中,鲜有学者将CO_(2)封存量相关参数作为评价指标。以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段某致密油藏典型储集层为例,利用数值模拟技术... 详细信息

致密油藏CO_(2)吞吐开发具有提高原油采收率和封存CO_(2)的双重效果。目前,对致密油藏CO_(2)吞吐驱油和封存研究中,鲜有学者将CO_(2)封存量相关参数作为评价指标。以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段某致密油藏典型储集层为例,利用数值模拟技术分别选取吞吐时机、注气速度、注气时间、焖井时间、生产时间和吞吐轮次为注采参数,以换油率、CO_(2)滞留系数及驱油-封存协同综合系数为评价指标,采用单因素控制变量法和多因素正交试验设计,结合极差分析方法,分析了6个注采参数对3个评价指标的敏感性。结果表明:当注重CO_(2)驱油时,建议注气时间为30~60 d,注气速度为0.001 0~0.003 0 PV/d,吞吐时机小于0.5年;当注重CO_(2)封存时,建议生产时间为30~230 d,注气速度为0.0075~0.010 0 PV/d,注气时间为145~180 d;当CO_(2)驱油和封存协同优化时,建议注气时间为30~65 d,吞吐时机为6个月前,焖井时间为10~20 d。

关键词：致密油藏注采参数 CO_(2)吞吐 CO_(2)地质封存提高采收率 CO_(2)驱油协同优化正交试验

Molecular modulating of cobalt phthalocyanines on aminofunctionalized carbon nanotubes for enhanced electrocatalytic CO_(2)conversion

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Nano Research 2023年第3期16卷 3649-3657页

作者： Huajian Xu Huizhu Cai Linxia Cui Limei Yu Rui gao chuan Shi State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals College of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China

Metal porphyrins and metal phthalocyanines(Pc)constitute a promising class of metal molecular catalysts(MMCs)for efficient CO_(2)-to-CO electrocatalytic conversion due to their well-defined molecular *** to adjust the local coordination and electronic environment of the metal center and enhance the molecular-level dispersion of the active components remains as great challenges for further improving the ***,a cobalt(II)Pc(CoPc)-COOH/carbon nanotube(CNT)-NH_(2)hybrid catalyst was rationally designed by clicking the CoPc-COOH molecules onto the surface of CNT-NH_(2)through amidation *** novel hybrid catalyst exhibited the enhanced current density of 22.4 mA/cm2 and CO selectivity of 91%at−0.88 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)in the CO_(2)electroreduction,as compared with CoPc-COOH/CNT and CoPc/CNT *** superior activity was ascribed to the charge transfer induced by introduction of-COOH and-NH_(2)functional groups to CoPc and CNT,respectively,facilitating the active centers of CoI being generated at lower potentials,and leading to the highest turnover frequency(TOF)being obtained over the CoPc-COOH/CNT-NH_(2)hybrid *** inherent directivity and saturability of covalent bonds formed via the amidation reaction ensure not only a higher density of Co active centers,but also an improved stability for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The present study represents an effective strategy for improving MMCs performance by molecular modulating of metal phthalocyanines on functionalized carbon substrates directed by click confinement chemistry.

关键词： electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction cobalt tetracarboxylphthalocyanine amino functionalized carbon nanotubes amidation

A novel mechanism of EAE resistance highlights the conflicting roles of progranulin-mediated immunosuppression and antigen processing

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 506-507页

作者： Aubryanna Hettinghouse Guanmin gao chuan-ju Liu Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York University Medical CenterNew YorkNY10003USA Department of Cell Biology New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY10016USA

Progranulin(PGRN)is a secreted growth-factor-like molecule with multiple biological functions;elevated PGRN expression correlates with the activity of various autoimmune diseases,including rheumatoid arthritis(RA),inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).1,2,3,4 PGRN deficiency is associated with an enhanced inflammatory response and commonly results in increased susceptibility to the onset and progression of various autoimmune conditions in murine models,including inflammatory arthritis,4 inflammatory bowel diseases,5 and inflammatory skin diseases.6 In contrast,PGRN expression has been shown to aggravate some autoimmune conditions,including lupus nephritis.

关键词： autoimmune diseases elevated

Transmission capacity for inhomogeneous overlaid wireless Ad-hoc networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2013年第3期20卷 8-12,25页

作者： LIU Yang gao Jing SUN Xiao-hui YIN Chang-chuan School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

In the analysis of overlaid wireless Ad-hoc networks, the underlying node distributions are commonly assumed to be two independent homogeneous Poisson point processes. In this paper, by using stochastic geometry tools, a new inhomogeneous overlaid wireless Ad-hoc network model is studied and the outage probability are analyzed. By assuming that primary （PR） network nodes are distributed as a Poisson point process （PPP） and secondary （SR） network nodes are distributed as a Matern cluster processes, an upper and a lower bounds for the transmission capacity of the primary network and that of the secondary network are presented. Simulation results show that the transmission capacity of the PR and SR network will both have a small increment due to the inhomogeneity of the SR network.

关键词： transmission capacity Ad-hoc network PPP Matem cluster process