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Isobaric enzymatic assays reveal depth-dependent variation in microbial ectoenzyme activities in the deepest ocean on Earth

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 185-194页

作者： Junwei CAO Jiahua WANG Hongge ZHANG Junhao DENG Binbin PAN Jiawang chen Li ZHANG Jiasong FANG College of Oceanography and Ecological Science Shanghai Ocean University Ocean College Zhejiang University Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Microbial ectoenzymes play essential roles in the transformation and mineralization of organic matter in the ***, conventional methods for measuring microbial ectoenzyme activities(MEAs) in the deep ocean under atmospheric conditions can misrepresent the metabolic activities of indigenous microbial communities. To overcome this limitation, we measured the activities of three microbial ectoenzymes(aminopeptidase, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase) under both atmospheric and in situ pressure conditions in seawater collected using pressure-retaining and non-pressure-retaining samplers in the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. In the case of aminopeptidase and α-glucosidase, the highest isobaric MEAs were observed in the surface layer(50 m), followed by those at abyssopelagic depths(4,000–6,000 m) for aminopeptidase, hadal realm(10,903 m)for α-glucosidase, while β-glucosidase activity exhibited the highest value at 10,903 m. Furthermore, the isobaric MEAs in hadal waters were commonly found to be higher than the decompressed counterparts, highlighting the importance of pressure-retaining sampling and isobaric enzymatic assays. The half-saturation constant(Km) showed a general decreasing trend with depth,suggesting that the deep ocean microbes might have adapted to the high-pressure and oligotrophic environment by increasing their ectoenzyme's affinity to substrate. Furthermore, particle-free MEAs contribute more to the total MEAs in the deep ocean than particle-associated MEAs, suggesting the significance of cell-associated and dissolved ectoenzymes in ocean *** study provides a foundation for future investigations of MEAs in the ocean and has important implications for understanding the dynamics of microbially mediated biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems.

关键词： Pressure-retaining sampling Microbial ectoenzyme activity Deep-sea microbes High pressure Mariana Trench

Achieving ultralow leakage current in Schottky-MIS cascode anode lateral field-effect diode based on AlGaN/GaN HEMT

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 379-385页

作者： Fangzhou WANG Changhong GAO Guojian DING cheng YU Zhuocheng WANG Xiaohui WANG Qi FENG Ping YU Peng ZUO Wanjun chen Yang WANG Haiqiang JIA Hong chen Bo ZHANG Zeheng WANG songshan Lake Materials Laboratory School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

In this paper,we design and fabricate a Schottky-metal-insulator-semiconductor（MIS） cascode anode GaN lateral field-effect diode（CA-LFED） to achieve ultralow reverse leakage current(ILEAK).The device based on AlGaN/GaN highelectron-mobility-transistor（HEMT） includes a normally-off MIS-controlled channel that is cascoded with a high barrier height Schottky *** reverse bias,the high electric-field is effectively prevented by the normally-off MIS-controlled channel *** with the high barrier height Schottky contact,this feature significantly suppresses the *** by the device fabrication,the CA-LFED with high breakdown voltage（BV）>600 V shows an ultralow ILEAKof 3.6×10-9A/mm as well as a low forward voltage drop（VF） of 2.2 *** performance suggests that the CA-LFED can be a promising candidate for ultralow ILEAKand better VF-ILEAKtrade-off GaN power diode applications.

关键词： Schottky-MIS cascode anode lateral field-effect diode (LFED) ultralow reverse leakage current ($I_{\rm{LEAK}}$) forward drop and reverse leakage trade-off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

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Lightweight Al-Nb-Ti-V-Cr high entropy alloys with high hardness and enhanced mechanical properties via doping Co

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China Foundry 2025年

作者： Fang-dong Xu De-zhi chen Rui-run chen Bin Gan Jing-yue Yu National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals Harbin Institute of Technology Suzhou Laboratory

To develop high-hardness and high-strength lightweight high entropy alloys （LHEAs）,a series of CoxAlNbTiVCr alloys were *** phase constitution,distribution,and crystal structure of the Laves phase in alloys can be altered by adjusting the composition of HEAs,which in turn influences their mechanical *** Nb Ti VCr （x=0,0.5,1,1.5,and 2,atomic ratio percentage） LHEAs were designed and prepared to characterize the microstructure and tailor the mechanical *** introduction of Co changes the microstructure of LHEAs from a single B2 structure to a mixture dendrite structure,which consists of B2 phase,C14 and C15 Laves *** the C14 and C15 Laves phases exhibit coupled *** parameters including mixing enthalpy (ΔHmix),valence electron concentration （VEC）,atomic radius size （δ）,mixing entropy （ΔS）,and electronegativity difference （Δχ） are used to predict the formation of B2 and Laves phase in *** the Co content increases from 0 to 1.5at.%,Laves phase volume fraction gradually increases,which leads to an enhancement in the compressive strength from 1,520.8 MPa to 1,844.4 ***1.5Al Nb Ti VCr alloy exhibits the maximum Vickers hardness of 699.4 *** improvement of mechanical properties mainly originates from solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening.

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Ru doping triggering reconstruction of cobalt phosphide for coupling glycerol electrooxidation with seawater electrolysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 317-326页

作者： Binglu Deng Jie Shen Jinxing Lu chuqiang Huang Zhuoyuan chen Feng Peng Yunpeng Liu School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy Foshan University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies

Seawater electrolysis is a promising approach for sustainable energy without relying on precious ***,the large-scale seawater electrolysis is hindered by low catalytic efficiency and severe anode corrosion caused by the harmful *** contrast to the oxygen evolution reaction （OER）and chlorin ion oxidation reaction （ClOR）,glycerol oxidation reaction （GOR） is more thermodynamically and kinetically favorable ***,a Ru doping cobalt phosphide （Ru-CoP2） is proposed as a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for seawater electrolysis and GOR,for the concurrent productions of hydrogen and value-added *** in situ and ex situ characterization analyses demonstrated that Ru doping featured in the dynamic reconstruction process from Ru-CoP2to Ru-CoOOH,accounting for the superior GOR *** coupling GOR with hydrogen evolution was realized by employing Ru-CoP2as both anode and cathode,requiring only a low voltage of 1.43 V at 100 mA cm-2,which was 250 m V lower than that in alkaline *** work guides the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts for energy-efficient seawater electrolysis coupled with biomass resource upcycling.

关键词： Anodes

All-day solar power generation enabled by photo/thermoelectric conversion and thermal energy storage

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Zijian Liu chengzhi chen Junda Liu Qi Sun Bingchen Huo chunyu Du Guangming chen College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University

Thermoelectric materials hold promises for direct conversion of heat into electricity, making them viable power sources for electronic devices. However, their practical applications in diverse outdoor environment are hindered by limited and discontinuous electricity output. In this study, we propose an all-day solar power generator to achieve highly efficient and continuous electricity generation by harnessing the synergistic effects of photoelectric-thermoelectric conversion and latent thermal energy storage. The all-day solar power generator exhibits an average open-circuit voltage of 6.8 m V during daylight and a remaining 0.9 mV during nighttime. Importantly, the all-day solar power generator achieves dependable outdoor power supply for communication transmission in diverse environmental scenarios. Our research opens a new way for highly efficient and sustainable power generation.

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Co-production of hydrogen, oxygen, and electricity via an integrated solar-driven system with decoupled water electrolyzer and Na-Zn ion battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 621-627页

作者： Fei Lv Longjie Liu Jiazhe Wu Pengfei Wang Lixia Pan Dengwei Jing Yubin chen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Combining water electrolysis and rechargeable battery technologies into a single system holds great promise for the co-production of hydrogen （H2） and ***,the design and development of such systems is still in its ***,an integrated hydrogen-oxygen （O2）-electricity co-production system featuring a bipolar membrane-assisted decoupled electrolyzer and a Na-Zn ion battery was established with sodium nickelhexacyanoferrate （NaNiHCF） and Zn2+/Zn as dual redox *** decoupled electrolyzer enables to produce H2and O2in different time and space with almost 100%Faradaic efficiency at 100 mA ***,the charged NaNiHCF and Zn electrodes after the electrolysis processes formed a Na-Zn ion battery,which can generate electricity with an average cell voltage of 1.75 V at 10 m A *** connecting Si photovoltaics with the modular electrochemical device,a well-matched solar driven system was built to convert the intermittent solar energy into hydrogen and electric energy with a solar to hydrogen-electricity efficiency of 16.7%,demonstrating the flexible storage and conversion of renewables.

关键词： Hydrogen Electricity Decoupled water electrolyzer Na-Zn ion battery Solar energy

Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)films with simultaneous high oxygen barrier and fast degradation properties

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 1-10页

作者： Mengjing Yang Yuxi Mao Penghui Zhang Jie Li Zeming Tong Zhenguo Liu Yanhui chen Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University218 Qingyi RoadNingbo315103China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

Although poly(lactic acid)(PLA)is a good environmentally-friendly bio-degradable polymer which is used to substitute traditional petrochemical-based polymer packaging films,the barrier properties of PLA films are still insufficient for high-barrier packaging *** this study,oxygen scavenger hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)and cobalt salt catalyst were incorporated into the PLA/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PLA/PBAT),followed by melting extrusion and three-layer co-extrusion blown film process to prepare the composite *** oxygen permeability coefficient of the composite film combined with 6 wt%oxygen scavenger and 0.4 wt%catalyst was decreased significantly from 377.00 cc·mil·m^(-2)·day^(-1)·0.1 MPa^(-1) to 0.98 cc·mil·m^(-2)·day^(-1)·0.1 MPa^(-1),showing a remarkable enhancement of 384.69 times compared with the PLA/PBAT composite ***,the degradation behavior of the composite film was also accelerated,exhibiting a mass loss of nearly 60%of the original mass after seven days of degradation in an alkaline environment,whereas PLA/PBAT composite film only showed a mass loss of 32%.This work has successfully prepared PLA/PBAT composite films with simultaneously improved oxygen barrier property and degradation behavior,which has great potential for high-demanding green chemistry packaging industries,including food,agricultural,and military packaging.

关键词： Barrier property Oxygen scavenging Blow molding Eco-packaging Degradable composite film

AZD1775 synergizes with SLC7A11 inhibition to promote ferroptosis

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 204-218页

作者： chen Xiong Hong Ling Yingdan Huang Hanzhi Dong Bangxiang Xie Qian Hao Xiang Zhou Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan University Department of Breast Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan University Department of Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Beijing Institute of Hepatology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan University Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan University

Tumor suppressor p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair may exert cytoprotective effects against cancer therapies, including WEE1 inhibition. Considering that p53 activation can also lead to multiple types of cell death, the role of this tumor suppressor in WEE1 inhibitor-based therapies remains disputed. In this study, we reported that nucleolar stress-mediated p53 activation enhanced the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775-induced ferroptosis to suppress lung cancer growth. Our findings showed that AZD1775 promoted ferroptosis by blocking cystine uptake, an action similar to that of Erastin. Meanwhile, inhibition of WEE1 by the WEE1 inhibitors or si RNAs induced compensatory upregulation of SLC7A11, which conferred resistance to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, AZD1775 prevented the enrichment of H3K9me3, a histone marker of transcriptional repression, on the SLC7A11 promoter by repressing the expression of the histone methyltransferase SETDB1, thereby enhancing NRF2-mediated SLC7A11 transcription. This finding was also validated using the H3K9me3 inhibitor BRD4770. Remarkably, we found that the nucleolar stress-inducing agent Actinomycin D(Act. D) inhibited SLC7A11 expression by activating p53, thus augmenting AZD1775-induced ferroptosis. Moreover, the combination of AZD1775 and Act. D synergistically suppressed wild-type p53-harboring lung cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our study demonstrates that AZD1775 promotes ferroptosis by targeting cystine uptake but also mediates the adaptive activation of SLC7A11 through the WEE1-SETDB1 cascade and NRF2-induced transcription, and inhibition of SLC7A11 by Act. D boosts the anti-tumor efficacy of AZD1775 by enhancing ferroptosis in cancers with wild-type p53.

关键词： p53 NRF2 SLC7A11 WEE1 AZD1775 ferroptosis nucleolar stress

Vector meson's spin alignments in high energy reactions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 5-20页

作者： Jin-Hui chen Zuo-Tang Liang Yu-Gang Ma Xin-Li Sheng Qun Wang Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan University Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE)Shandong University INFN-Firenze Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China School of Mechanics and Physics Anhui University of Science and Technology

The global spin alignment of vector mesons has been observed by the STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider （RHIC） at Brookhaven National Laboratory （BNL）.It provides a unique opportunity to probe the correlation between the polarized quark and antiquark in the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma （sQGP） produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions,opening a new window to explore the properties of s *** addition,spin alignments of vector mesons have also been observed in other high-energy particle collisions such as e+e-annihilations at high energies where hadron production is dominated by quark fragmentation *** results obtained are quite different from those obtained in heavy ion collisions where quark coalescence/combination mechanism dominates suggesting strong dependence on hadronization *** comprehensive studies in different hadronization processes are *** this article,we present a brief review of theoretical and experimental advances in the study of vector meson’s spin alignments in a variety of high-energy particle collisions,with emphasis on hadronization mechanisms.

关键词： vector meson spin alignment global polarization relativistic heavy ion collisions fragmentation