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Challenges involved in the application of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology:The race is on!

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第48期29卷 6168-6178页

作者： chrysanthos d christou Georgios Tsoulfas department of Transplantation Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54622Greece Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation School of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54622Greece

Gastroenterology is a particularly data-rich field,generating vast repositories of data that are a fruitful ground for artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)*** this opinion review,we initially elaborate on the current status of the application of AI/ML-based software in ***,AI/ML-based models have been developed in the following applications:Models integrated into the clinical setting following real-time patient data flagging patients at high risk for developing a gastrointestinal disease,models employing non-invasive parameters that provide accurate diagnoses aiming to either replace,minimize,or refine the indications of endoscopy,models utilizing genomic data to diagnose various gastrointestinal diseases,computer-aided diagnosis systems facilitating the interpretation of endoscopy images,models to facilitate treatment allocation and predict the response to treatment,and finally,models in prognosis predicting complications,recurrence following treatment,and overall ***,we elaborate on several challenges and how they may negatively impact the widespread application of AI in healthcare and ***,we elaborate on concerns regarding accuracy,cost-effectiveness,cybersecurity,interpretability,oversight,and *** AI is unlikely to replace physicians,it will transform the skillset demanded by future physicians to ***,physicians are expected to engage with AI to avoid becoming obsolete.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Gastroenterology Costeffectiveness Interpretability Accuracy

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Challenges and opportunities in the application of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第37期27卷 6191-6223页

作者： chrysanthos d christou Georgios Tsoulfas Organ Transplant Unit Hippokration General HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54622Greece

Artificial intelligence(AI)is an umbrella term used to describe a cluster of interrelated *** learning(ML)refers to a model that learns from past data to predict future *** and particularly gastroenterology and hepatology,are data-rich fields with extensive data repositories,and therefore fruitful ground for AI/ML-based software *** this study,we comprehensively review the current applications of AI/ML-based models in these fields and the opportunities that arise from their ***,we refer to the applications of AI/ML-based models in prevention,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of gastrointestinal bleeding,inflammatory bowel diseases,gastrointestinal premalignant and malignant lesions,other nonmalignant gastrointestinal lesions and diseases,hepatitis B and C infection,chronic liver diseases,hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,and primary sclerosing *** the same time,we identify the major challenges that restrain the widespread use of these models in healthcare in an effort to explore ways to overcome ***,we elaborate on the concerns regarding intrinsic biases,data protection,cybersecurity,intellectual property,liability,ethical challenges,and *** at a slower pace than anticipated,AI is infiltrating the healthcare *** in healthcare will become a reality,and every physician will have to engage with it by necessity.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Gastroenterology Hepatology Artificial neural networks Support vector machine

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Role of three-dimensional printing and artificial intelligence in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma:Challenges and opportunities

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第4期14卷 765-793页

作者： chrysanthos d christou Georgios Tsoulfas department of Transplantation Surgery Hippokration General HospitalSchool of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54622Greece

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)constitutes the fifth most frequent malignancy worldwide and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related ***,treatment selection is based on the stage of the *** fields such as three-dimensional(3d)printing,3d bioprinting,artificial intelligence(AI),and machine learning(ML)could lead to evidence-based,individualized management of *** this review,we comprehensively report the current applications of 3d printing,3d bioprinting,and AI/ML-based models in HCC management;we outline the significant challenges to the broad use of these novel technologies in the clinical setting with the goal of identifying means to overcome them,and finally,we discuss the opportunities that arise from these ***,regarding 3d printing and bioprinting-related challenges,we elaborate on cost and cost-effectiveness,cell sourcing,cell viability,safety,accessibility,regulation,and legal and ethical ***,regarding AI/ML-related challenges,we elaborate on intellectual property,liability,intrinsic biases,data protection,cybersecurity,ethical challenges,and *** findings show that AI and 3d printing applications in HCC management and healthcare,in general,are steadily expanding;thus,these technologies will be integrated into the clinical setting sooner or ***,we believe that physicians need to become familiar with these technologies and prepare to engage with them constructively.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Three-dimensional printing Bioprinting Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer

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Short vs long-course antibiotic therapy in adults with acute cholangitis:A systematic review,meta-analysis,and evidence quality assessment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第19期29卷 3027-3039页

作者： Karampet Kasparian chrysanthos d christou Konstantinos Petidis Michail doumas Olga Giouleme Clinic of Oncology Gastroenterology and HematologyAlfried Krupp HospitalEssen 45131Germany Second Propedeutic department of Internal Medicine Hippokration General HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece department of Transplantation Surgery Hippokration General HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

BACKGROUNd Acute cholangitis(AC)constitutes an infection with increased mortality rates in the *** to new diagnostic tools and therapeutic methods,the mortality of AC has been significantly reduced *** initial antibiotic treatment of AC has been oriented to the most common pathogens connected to this ***,the optimal duration of the antibiotic treatment of AC is still *** To investigate if shorter-course antibiotic treatments could be similarly effective to long-course treatments in adults with *** This study constitutes a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature concerning the duration of antibiotic therapy of AC and an assessment of the quality of the *** study was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and *** studies were included in the systematic review,and eight were eligible for *** to heterogeneous duration cutoffs,three study-analysis groups were formed,with a cutoff of 2-3,6-7,and 14 *** A total of 2763 patients were included in the systematic review,and 1313 were accounted for the *** mean age was 73.66±14.67 years,and the male and female ratio was 1:*** significant differences were observed in the mortality rates of antibiotic treatment of 2-3 d,compared to longer treatments(odds ratio=0.78,95% confidence interval:0.23-2.67,I2=9%)and the recurrence rates and hospitalization length were also not different in all study *** Short-and long-course antibiotic treatments may be similarly effective concerning the mortality and recurrence rates of *** conclusions cannot be extracted concerning the hospitalization duration.

关键词： Acute cholangitis Antibiotic Short-course Long-course Antimicrobial Treatment duration

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Lateral lymph node dissection for low rectal cancer: Is it necessary?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4294-4299页

作者： Niki christou Jeremy Meyer Christian Toso Frédéric Ris Nicolas Christian Buchs Service de Chirurgie digestive Endocrinienne et GénéraleCHU de LimogesLimoges Cedex 87042France division of digestive Surgery University Hospitals of GenevaGenève 1211Switzerland Unit of Surgical Research University of GenevaGenève 1206Switzerland

Rectal cancer constitutes a major public health *** mesorectal excision has remained the gold standard treatment for mid and low rectal tumors since its introduction in the late *** of all lymph nodes located in the mesorectum has indeed improved pathological and oncological ***,when cancer spreads to the lateral lymph nodes(located along the iliac and obturator arteries)Western and Japanese practices *** the Western guidelines consider this condition as an advanced form of the disease and use neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy liberally,the Japanese guidelines define it as a local disease and proceed to lateral lymph node dissection with or without neoadjuvant ***,we review the current literature regarding both therapeutic strategies,with the aim of contributing to potential improvements in treatment and outcome for patients with low and mid rectal cancer.

关键词： Total mesorectum excision Mesorectal resection Lateral node metastasis Extended lymphadenectomy

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Reducing anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: The old dogmas and the new challenges

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第34期25卷 5017-5025页

作者： Jeremy Meyer Surennaidoo Naiken Niki christou Emilie Liot Christian Toso Nicolas Christian Buchs Frédéric Ris division of digestive Surgery University Hospitals of Geneva

Anastomotic leak(AL)constitutes a significant issue in colorectal surgery,and its incidence has remained stable over the last *** use of intra-abdominal drain or the use of mechanical bowel preparation alone have been proven to be useless in preventing AL and should be *** role or oral antibiotics preparation regimens should be clarified and compared to other routes of administration,such as the intravenous route or *** parallel,preoperative antibiotherapy should aim at targeting collagenase-inducing pathogens,as identified by the microbiome *** can be further reduced by fluorescence angiography,which leads to significant intraoperative changes in surgical *** of fluorescence angiography should be *** made in AL comprehension and prevention might probably allow reducing the rate of diverting stoma and conduct to a revision of its indications.

关键词： Anastomotic leakage Rectal surgery Colic surgery Prevention Surgical site infection Anastomosis Complication

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development of a highly controlled system for large-area,directional printing of quasi-1d nanomaterials

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第5期7卷 83-94页

作者： Adamos christou Fengyuan Liu Ravinder dahiya Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies(BEST)Group James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK

Printing is a promising method for the large-scale,high-throughput,and low-cost fabrication of ***,the contact printing approach shows great potential for realizing high-performance electronics with aligned quasi-1d *** being known for more than a decade,reports on a precisely controlled system to carry out contact printing are rare and printed nanowires(NWs)suffer from issues such as location-to-location and batch-to-batch *** address this problem,we present here a novel design for a tailor-made contact printing system with highly accurate control of printing parameters(applied force:0-6 N±0.3%,sliding velocity:0-200 mm/s,sliding distance:0-100 mm)to enable the uniform printing of nanowires(NWs)aligned along 93%of the large printed area(1 cm^(2)).The system employs self-leveling platforms to achieve optimal alignment between substrates,whereas the fully automated process minimizes human-induced *** printing dynamics of the developed system are explored on both rigid and flexible *** uniformity in printing is carefully examined by a series of scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images and by fabricating a 5×5 array of NW-based *** work will pave the way for the future realization of highly uniform,large-area electronics based on printed NWs.

关键词： nanowires printing system

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超重和肥胖者的血管内皮NAd(P)H氧化酶-p47^(phox)表达增加并有内皮氧化应激的证据

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第7期3卷 36-37页

作者： Silver A.E. Beske S.d. christou d.d. d.R. Seals 徐永城 department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado at Boulder UCB 354 Boulder CO 80309 United States Dr.

背景：肥胖可改变一些分子的血管内皮细胞蛋白表达（VECPE），从而影响对动脉粥样硬化的易感性。方法和结果：研究对象为无其他临床疾病、肥胖程度不同的108例男女性受试者（体重指数18．4～36．7kg／m^2；总体脂肪5．8～55．0kg；腰围6... 详细信息

背景：肥胖可改变一些分子的血管内皮细胞蛋白表达（VECPE），从而影响对动脉粥样硬化的易感性。方法和结果：研究对象为无其他临床疾病、肥胖程度不同的108例男女性受试者（体重指数18．4～36．7kg／m^2；总体脂肪5．8～55．0kg；腰围63．0～122．9em），用定量免疫荧光法检测其血管内皮细胞。所有3种肥胖状况的表达方式均与氧化酶亚单位NAd（P）H氧化酶-p47[部分相关系数（rpart）=0．22～0．24，所有P〈0．05]和抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶（rpart=0．71～0．75，所有P〈0．001）的VECPE呈正相关。

关键词： NAd(P)H氧化酶血管内皮细胞肥胖者氧化应激证据超重动脉粥样硬化部分相关系数

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Vitamin, Protein and Essential Mineral Enhancement of Cereal Crops for Food Security

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分子植物育种 2007年第2期5卷 275-277页

作者： C.F. Zhu　 S. Naqvi　 S. Gómez-Galera 　A.M. Pelacho　 T. Capell　 P. christou departamcnt de Produccio Vegetal i Cicncia Forestal departamcnt d＇Hortofruticultura Botanica i Jardineria ETSEA Univcrsitat de Lleida Av. Alcalde Rovira Route 191 25198 LLEIDA Spain

Recent estimates indicate that more than half of the world's population suffers from diseases caused by dietary defi ciencies and inadequate supplies of essential micronutrients. This situation is exacerbated by the

关键词：维生素蛋白质矿物质谷物事物安全

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Wheat Rht-B1 and Rht-d1, and maize d8 genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators

Wheat Rht-B1 and Rht-D1, and maize D8 genes encode mutant gi...

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全国植物分子生物学与生物技术学术研讨会

作者： Jinrong Peng donald Richards Nigel Hartley George Murphy Katrien devos John Flintham James Beales Leslie Fish Anthony Worland Fatima Pelica d.Sudhakar Paul christou John Snape Michael Gale Nicholas Harberd Institute of Molecular Agrobiology John Innes Centre Colney Lane John Innes Centre Colney Lane1Norwich NR4 7UH UK

Wheat Rht-B1 and Rht-d1 mutants and maize dwarf-8 (d8) mutants confer semi-dwarfism and display reduced response to the plant growth hormone gibbereellin (GA). Here we show that Rht-B1/Rht-d1 and d8 are orthologues of the Arabidopsis Gibberellin Insensitive (GAI) gene. These genes encode proteins that resemble nuclear transcription factors and contain an SH2-1ike domain, indicating that phosphotyrosine may

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