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Usefulness of intra-procedural cone-beam computed tomography in modified balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices

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World Journal of Radiology 2016年第4期8卷 390-396页

作者： Edward Wolfgang Lee Naomi So Ryan Chapman Justin P McWilliams christopher t loh Ronald W Busuttil Stephen t Kee Division of Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyUCLA Medical CenterDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Dumont-UCLA transplant Center Pfleger Liver InstituteDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California

AIM:to evaluate whether intra-procedural conebeam computed tomography(CBCt)performed during modified balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(mB RtO)can accurately determine technical success of complete variceal ***:From June 2012 to December 2014,15 patients who received CBCt during m BRtO for treatment of portal hypertensive gastric variceal bleeding were retrospectively ***-dimensional(3D)CBCt images were performed and evaluated prior to the end of the procedure,and these were further analyzed and compared to the pre-procedure contrast-enhanced computed tomography to determine the technical success of m BRtO including:Complete occlusion/obliteration of:(1)gastrorenal shunt(GRS);(2)gastric varices;and(3)afferent feeding ***-mB RtO contrast-enhanced Ct was used to confirm the accuracy and diagnostic value of CBCt within 2-3 ***:Intra-procedural 3D-CBCt images were 100% accurate in determining the technical success of m BRtO in all 15 *** demonstrated complete occlusion/obliteration of GRS,gastric varices,collaterals and afferent feeding veins during m BRtO,which was confirmed with post-m BRtO *** patients showed incomplete obliteration of gastric varices and feeding veins on CBCt,which therefore required additional gelfoam injections to complete the *** patient required additional procedures or other interventions during their follow-up period(684 ± 279 d).CONCLUSION:CBCt during mB RtO appears to accurately and immediately determine the technical success of mB *** may improve the technical and clinical success/outcome of m BRtO and reduce additional procedure time in the future.

关键词： Gastric varices Modified balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration Gastric variceal bleeding Cone-beam computed tomography Coilassisted retrograde transvenous obliteration

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Hetero-trans-β-Glucanase Produces Cellulose-Xyloglucan Covalent Bonds in the Cell Walls of Structural Plant tissues and Is Stimulated by Expansin

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Molecular Plant 2020年第7期13卷 1047-1062页

作者： Klaus Herburger Lenka Frankova Martina Picmanova Jia Wooi loh Marcos Valenzuela-Ortega Frank Meulewaeter Andrew D.Hudson christopher E.French Stephen C.Fry the Edinburgh Cell Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUnited Kingdom Institute of Quantitative Biology Biochemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUnited Kingdom BASF BBCC Innovation Center Gent-Trait Research9052 Gent(Zwijnaarde)Belgium Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Research Centre for Engineering Biology Zhejiang UniversityHainingZhejiang 314400China Present address:Section for Plant Glycobiology Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg 1871Denmark

Current cell-wall models assume no covalent bonding between cellulose and hemicelluloses such as xyloglu-can or mixed-linkageβ-D-glucan(MLG).However,Equisetum hetero-trans-β-glucanase(HtG)grafts cellu-lose onto xyloglucan oligosaccharides(XGOs)-and,we now show,xyloglucan polysaccharide-in vitro,thus exhibiting CXE(cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase)*** addition,HtG also catalyzes MLG-to-XGO bonding(MXE activity).In this study,we explored the CXE action of HtG in native plant cell walls and tested whether expansin exposes cellulose to HtG by disrupting hydrogen *** quantify and visu-alize CXE and MXE action,we assayed the sequential release of HtG products from cell walls pre-labeled with substrate *** demonstrated covalent cellulose--xyloglucan bonding in plant cell walls and showed that CXE and MXE action was up to 15%and 60%of total transglucanase action,respectively,and peaked in aging,strengthening tissues:CXE in xylem and cells bordering intercellular canals and MXE in *** bacterial expansin(EXLX1)strongly augmented CXE activity in *** and MXE ac-tion in living Equisetum structural tissues potentially strengthens stems,while expansin might augment the HtG-catalyzed CXE reaction,thereby allowing efficient CXE action in *** methods will enable surveys for comparable reactions throughout the plant ***,engineering similar hetero-polymer formation into angiosperm crop plants may improve certain agronomic traits such as lodging tolerance.

关键词： cell wall cellulose hemicelluloses hetero-trans-p-glucanase hetero-transglycosylation xyloglucan

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Association between etiopathogenesis of morbidly adherent placenta and adenomyosis

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012年第3期2卷 321-324页

作者： christopher A. Enakpene Ozgul Muneyyirci-Delale Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology SUNY Downstate Medical Center New York USA

the association between etio-pathogenesis of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) or placenta cretas and adenomyosis has never been described in medical literature. Contrary to the believe that MAP is due to direct invasion of trophoblastic tissues into the adjacent normal myometrium due to prior uterine surgeries, this article describes how pre-existence of adenomyosis acts as a precursor for the development of placenta cretas. It elucidates how prior uterine traumas such as surgeries, repeated childbirths and endometritis cause endometrial tissues to invade the myometrium as a result of disruption of decidua basalis. the invaded endometrial tissues cause hyper-plasia and hypertrophy of surrounding myometrium to form the clinical entity called adenomyosis. the over-expression of bcl-2 oncogene in the endometrium causes inhibition of apoptosis of endometrial cells removing the barrier of trophoblastic tissues to invade the myometrium to form MAP. this hypothesis is based on the similarity of their clinical perspectives, similar pathological description of the two disease entities and their common molecular components. Both diseases increase with age;more in women older than 35 years and also in those with history of previous endometrial traumas such as surgeries, childbirth and endometritis. Both diseases also share common pathological factors and molecular components due to absence of deciduas basalis and over-expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein gene, inhibition of cell apoptosis and failure to find genetic abnormalities such as mutations of K-ras, P53 or loh. An ongoing study looking at uterine specimens from cesarean hysterectomies and pelvic MRI evaluation of patients with retained placentas to prove that pre-existing adenomyosis may be a precursor to the development of morbidly adherent placenta is near to conclusion.

关键词： Morbidly Adherent Placenta (Placenta Accretes) Adenomyosis Association Epidemiology Etio-Pathogenesis and Clinical Perspective

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