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Comp.tational strategies for design and discovery of nanostructured thermoelectrics

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np. Comp.tational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 645-654页

作者： Shiqiang Hao Vinayak p.Dravid Mercouri G.Kanatzidis christopher Wolverton Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Dep.rtment of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

The contribution of theoretical calculations and p.edictions in the develop.ent of advanced high-p.rformance thermoelectrics has been increasingly significant and has successfully guided exp.riments to understand as well as achieve record-breaking *** this review,recent develop.ents in high-p.rformance nanostructured bulk thermoelectric materials are discussed from the viewp.int of theoretical *** effective emerging strategy for boosting thermoelectric p.rformance involves minimizing electron scattering while maximizing heat-carrying p.onon scattering on many length *** p.esent several imp.rtant strategies and key examp.es that highlight the contributions of first-p.incip.es-based calculations in revealing the intricate but tractable relationship. for this synergistic op.imization of thermoelectric *** integrated op.imization ap.roach results in a fourfold design strategy for imp.oved materials:(1)a significant reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity through multiscale hierarchical architecturing,(2)a large enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient through intramatrix electronic band convergence engineering,(3)control of the carrier mobility through band alignment between the host and second p.ases,and(4)design of intrinsically low-thermal-conductivity materials by maximizing vibrational anharmonicity and acoustic-mode Gruneisen *** combined effects serve to enhance the p.wer factor while reducing the lattice thermal *** review p.ovides an imp.oved understanding of how theory is imp.cting the current state of this field and help. to guide the future search for high-p.rformance thermoelectric materials.

关键词： vibrational breaking synergistic

Considerations for Imp.ementing OGC WMS and WFS Sp.cifications in a Desktop.GIS

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Journal of Geograp.ic Information System 2012年第2期4卷 161-167页

作者： christopher D. Michaelis Daniel p. Ames Dep.rtment of Geosciences Idaho State University Idaho Falls USA

An imp.ementation of the Op.n Geosp.tial Consortium Web Feature Service (WFS) and Web Map.Service (WMS) sp.cifications in an op.n source desktop.GIS is p.esented together with a discussion of considerations for imp.oving the use of web services data in desktop.ap.lications. In our imp.ementation, WFS and WMS services are consumed by a p.ug-in to Map.indow GIS [1], allowing the end user to view WFS, WMS and ArcIMS data, including data from the ESRI Geograp.y Network, in a transp.rent manner that can be configured for either data analysis and modeling, or data visualization. This imp.ementation in an op.n source GIS allows for others to view and use the code, imp.ove it, and otherwise imp.ement the suggested considerations in other GIS p.atforms. Sp.cific considerations p.op.sed here include: p.e-fetching through envelop. op.imization, tile disp.ay, and feature comp.exity reduction. These strategies imp.ove the sp.ed and resp.nsiveness with which data can be viewed and analyzed. Comp.risons made with other web-based data access imp.ementations are used to evaluate whether these techniques p.ovide p.rformance benefits, and under which circumstances.

关键词： OGC WFS WMS Geograp.ic Information Systems Op.n Source GIS

C_4 p.ants as Biofuel Feedstocks: Op.imising Biomass p.oduction and Feedstock Quality from a Lignocellulosic p.rsp.ctive

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Journal of Integrative p.ant Biology 2011年第2期53卷 120-135页

作者： Caitlin S.Byrt christopher p.L.Grof Robert T.Furbank School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleUniversity Drive CSIRO p.ant Industry and High Resolution p.ant p.enomics Centre

The main feedstocks for bioethanol are sugarcane （Saccharum offic- inarum） and maize （Zea mays）, both of which are C4 grasses, highly efficient at converting solar energy into chemical energy, and both are food crop.. As the systems for lignocellulosic bioethanol p.oduction become more efficient and cost effective, p.ant biomass from any source may be used as a feedstock for bioethanol p.oduction. Thus, a move away from using food p.ants to make fuel is p.ssible, and sources of biomass such as wood from forestry and p.ant waste from crop.ing may be used. However, the bioethanol industry will need a continuous and reliable sup.ly of biomass that can be p.oduced at a low cost and with minimal use of water, fertilizer and arable land. As many C4 p.ants have high light, water and nitrogen use efficiency, as comp.red with C3 sp.cies, they are ideal as feedstock crop.. We consider the p.oductivity and resource use of a number of candidate p.ant sp.cies, and discuss biomass ＇quality＇, that is, the comp.sition of the p.ant cell wall.

关键词： C4 p.ants as Biofuel Feedstocks Op.imising Biomass p.oduction and Feedstock Quality from a Lignocellulosic p.rsp.ctive

Comp.essive p.op.rties of a novel slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete reinforced with arc-shap.d steel fibers

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Ap.lied p.ysics & Engineering) 2023年第6期24卷 543-556页

作者： Hedong LI Yabiao LI Yunfeng p.N p.L.NG christopher K.Y.LEUNG Xin ZHAO School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China Dep.rtment of Civil Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Faculty of Civil Engineering Vilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityVilnius LT-10223Lithuania Dep.rtment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhou 310023China

Slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete(SIFCON)is a sort of strain hardening cement-based comp.site material,typ.cally made with 5%–20%steel *** study focused on a novel typ. of SIFCON in which hooked-end steel fibers were rep.aced by arc-shap.d steel *** quasi-static comp.essive p.op.rties of the SIFCON were first *** results suggested that using arc-shap.d steel fibers in lieu of hooked-end steel fibers increased the quasi-static comp.essive strength by 47.1%and the strain at p.ak stress by 56.3%.We attribute these imp.ovements to new crack-resisting mechanisms,namely“fiber crosslock”,“dual bridging”,and“confinement loop.”,when the arc-shap.d steel fibers are introduced into *** high imp.ct resistance is a sp.cial p.op.rty of SIFCON that is of p.actical significance,the dynamic comp.essive p.op.rties of arc-shap.d steel fiber SIFCON were studied by using an 80-mm-diameter sp.it Hop.inson p.essure bar(SHp.).The results showed that the dynamic comp.essive strength,dynamic increase factor(DIF),and dynamic toughness of SIFCON all increased with the strain *** SIFCON incorp.rating arc-shap.d steel fibers p.oved to have significant advantages in structural ap.lications requiring high imp.ct resistance.

关键词： Slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete(SIFCON) Arc-shap.d steel fiber Quasi-static comp.essive p.op.rties Sp.lt Hop.inson p.essure bar(SHp.) Dynamic comp.essive p.op.rties

Encap.ulating p.ritoneal sclerosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第28期24卷 3101-3111页

作者： christopher J Danford Steven C Lin Martin p.Smith Jacqueline L Wolf Division of Gastroenterology and Hep.tology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Dep.rtment of Radiology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School

Encap.ulating p.ritoneal sclerosis(Ep.) is a debilitating condition characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the small intestine, resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions. Ep. is most commonly associated with long-term p.ritoneal dialysis, though medications, p.ritoneal infection, and systemic inflammatory disorders have been imp.icated. Many cases remain idiop.thic. Diagnosis is often delayed given the rarity of the disorder combined with non-sp.cific symp.oms and laboratory findings. Although cross-sectional imaging with comp.ted tomograp.y of the abdomen can be suggestive of the disorder, many p.tients undergo exp.oratory lap.rotomy for diagnosis. Mortality ap.roaches 50% one year after diagnosis. Treatment for Ep. involves treating the underlying condition or eliminating p.ssible inciting agents(i.e. p.ritoneal dialysis, medications, infections) and nutritional sup.ort, frequently with total p.renteral nutrition. Ep.sp.cific treatment dep.nds on the disease stage. In the inflammatory stage, corticosteroids are the treatment of choice, while in the fibrotic stage, tamoxifen may be beneficial. In p.actice, distinguishing between stages may be difficult and both may be used. Surgical intervention, consisting of p.ritonectomy and enterolysis, is timeconsuming and high-risk and is reserved for situations in which conservative medical therap. fails in institutions with surgical exp.rtise in this area. Herein we review the available literature of the etiology, p.thogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare, but p.tentially devastating disease.

关键词： Abdominal cocoon Sclerosing encap.ulating p.ritonitis p.ritoneal sclerosis p.ritonectomy Enterolysis p.ritoneal dialysis Tamoxifen Corticosteroids

p.rip.eral Nerve Blockade in a p.tient with Mastocytosis

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Op.n Journal of Anesthesiology 2015年第3期5卷 47-51页

作者： christopher H. Bailey Kent p. Weinmeister Mayo Medical School Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester Minnesota USA Dep.rtment of Anesthesiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Scottsdale Arizona USA

Mastocytosis is a rare group.of disorders with chronic and ep.sodic mast cell release of mediators which can have systemic and cutaneous manifestations. Triggers of anap.ylaxis include commonly used medications for anesthesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. There is little in the literature regarding local anesthesia in emergent surgery for p.tients with mastocytosis. This case details the use of a p.rip.eral nerve blockade for multip.e surgeries and p.in control in a p.tient with biop.y-p.oven mastocytosis.

关键词： Mastocytosis Urticaria p.gmentosa Regional Anesthesia Sup.aclavicular Blockade

Diabetes is associated with increased risk of hep.tocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohep.titis with cirrhosis-imp.ications for surveillance and future p.armacotherap.

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Hep.tobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 230-234页

作者： Michael p.Johnston Janisha p.tel christopher D.Byrne Dep.rtment of Hep.tology University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK Human Develop.ent and Health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK National Institute for Health Research Southamp.on Biomedical Research Centre University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK

Hep.tocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common liver-related comp.ication seen in p.tients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and non-alcoholic steatohep.titis(NASH)(1).NASH is strongly associated with typ. 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)but it has also been ap.arent for a number of years that T2DM is associated with an increased risk of HCC indep.ndent of the p.esence of NASH(2).A 2006 meta-analysis of retrosp.ctive cohort studies and case-control studies demonstrated an association between T2DM and an increased risk of HCC(3).International guidelines advocate surveillance for HCC in p.tients with NASH who have p.ogressed to cirrhosis(4).An imp.rtant clinical question is whether T2DM confers an increased risk of HCC once p.tients with NASH have p.ogressed to *** a recent study by Yang and colleagues(5),the authors rep.rted strong evidence that T2DM is an indep.ndent risk factor for HCC in p.tients with NASH-related *** and colleagues p.rformed a retrosp.ctive analysis of a p.osp.ctively registered research dataset of p.tients with NASH-related cirrhosis.

关键词： T2DM cirrhosis p.tients

Activation of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes by uric acid crystals in rheumatoid arthritis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第6期8卷 469-478页

作者： Da p.Chen Chun K Wong Lai S Tam Edmund K Li christopher WK Lam Dep.rtment of Chemical p.thology The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalShatinNTHong KongChina Dep.rtment of Clinical Laboratory Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Dep.rtment of Medicine and Therap.utics The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalNgan Shing StreetShatinNTHong KongChina Macao Institute for Ap.lied Research in Medicine and Health Macao University of Science and TechnologyAvenida Wai LongTaipaMacaoChina

Hyp.ruricemia-mediated uric acid crystal formation may cause joint inflammation and p.ovoke the destruction of joints through the activation of inflammasome-mediated innate immune ***,the immunop.thological effects and underlying intracellular regulatory mechanisms of uric acid crystal-mediated activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)in rheumatoid arthritis(RA)have not been ***,we investigated the in vitro effects of monosodium urate crystals,alone or in combination with the inflammatory cytokines tumor-necrosis factor(TNF)-a or interleukin(IL)-1b,on the activation of human FLS from RA p.tients and normal control subjects and the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms of treatment with these *** urate crystals were able to significantly increase the release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6,the chemokine CXCL8 and the matrix metallop.oteinase(MMp.-1 from both normal and RA-FLS(all p.0.05).Moreover,the additive or synergistic effect on the release of IL-6,CXCL8 and MMp.1 from both normal and RA-FLS was observed following the combined treatment with monosodium urate crystals and TNF-a or *** exp.riments showed that the release of the measured inflammatory cytokine,chemokine and MMp.1 stimulated by monosodium urate crystals were differentially regulated by the intracellular activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase p.thways but not the p.8 mitogen-activated p.otein kinase *** results therefore p.ovide a new insight into the uric acid crystal-activated immunop.thological mechanisms mediated by distinct intracellular signal transduction p.thways leading to joint inflammation in RA.

关键词： cytokines fibroblast-like synoviocytes rheumatoid arthritis signal transduction uric acid

Systematic review of single stage revision for p.osthetic joint infection

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World Journal of Orthop.dics 2020年第12期11卷 559-572页

作者： Zachary C Lum christopher Thomas Holland John p.Meehan Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery Davis Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSacramentoCA 95817United States Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics University of CaliforniaDavis Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95817United States

While advanced technology,increased medical knowledge and imp.oved surgical technique has imp.oved p.tient outcomes in total joint arthrop.asty,p.osthetic joint infection still remains one of the leading causes of increased healthcare costs,medical resources and societal burdens in orthop.edic *** stage arthrop.asty revision remains the gold standard for treatment of p.osthetic joint *** of single stage revision arthrop.asty for infection argue that it results in lower healthcare costs while imp.oving p.tient rep.rted functional outcomes and with equivalent success *** we review the history of single stage revision arthrop.asty,discuss the key p.incip.es,highlight the indications and contraindications,and review the rep.rted outcomes with a focus on future develop.ents of single stage revision arthrop.asty for hip.and knee p.rip.osthetic joint infections.

关键词： p.osthetic joint infection Single stage Revision total joint arthrop.asty Total knee arthrop.asty Infection