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Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 496-510页

作者： Benjamin R.Troutwine Laylan Hamid Colton R.Lysaker taylor A.Strope Heather m.Wilkins Department of Neurology University of Kansas medical Center Kansas CityKS 66160USA University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center Kansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

Genetic variation in apolipoprotein E(APOE)influences Alzheimer’s disease(AD)***ε4 alleles are the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset sporadic *** AD risk is dose dependent,as those carrying one APOEε4 allele have a 2-3-fold increased risk,while those carrying twoε4 alleles have a 10-15-fold increased *** carrying APOEε2 alleles have lower AD risk and those carrying APOEε3 alleles have neutral *** is a lipoprotein which functions in lipid transport,metabolism,and inflammatory *** specific effects of APOE within the brain include alterations to Aβ,tau,neuroinflammation,and *** we review the association of APOE with AD,the APOE isoform specific effects within brain and periphery,and potential therapeutics.

关键词： Apolipoprotein E Alzheimer’s disease mitochondria Neuroinflammation Amyloid beta Tau

Deriving invariant checkers for critical infrastructure using axiomatic design principles

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 67-90页

作者： Cheah Huei Yoong Venkata Reddy Palleti Rajib Ranjan maiti Arlindo Silva christopher m Poskitt Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road487372 SingaporeSingapore Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy 2nd FloorAU Engg College Main BlockAndhra University530003 VisakhapatnamIndia Birla Institute of Technology and Science PilaniHyderabad Campus Jawahar NagarKapra Mandal Medchal District500078 TelanganaIndia Singapore management University 80 Stamford Road178902 SingaporeSingapore

Cyber-physical systems(CPSs)in critical infrastructure face serious threats of attack,motivating research into a wide variety of defence mechanisms such as those that monitor for violations of invariants,*** properties over sensor and actuator states that should always be *** approaches for identifying invariants attempt to do so automatically,typically using data logs,but these can miss valid system properties if relevant behaviours are not well-represented in the ***,as the CPS is already built,resolving any design flaws or weak points identified through this process is *** this paper,we propose a systematic method for deriving invariants from an analysis of a CPS design,based on principles of the axiomatic design methodology from design *** method iteratively decomposes a high-level CPS design to identify sets of dependent design parameters(*** and actuators),allowing for invariants and invariant checkers to be derived in parallel to the implementation of the *** apply our method to the designs of two CPS testbeds,SWaT and WADI,deriving a suite of invariant checkers that are able to detect a variety of single-and multi-stage attacks without any false ***,we reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of our approach,how it can be complemented by other defence mechanisms,and how it could help engineers to identify and resolve weak points in a design before the controllers of a CPS are implemented.

关键词： Cyber-physical systems Critical infrastructure Industrial control systems Systematic design framework Axiomatic design Invariants Anomaly detection Supervised machine learning

In situ stabilization of arsenic in soil with organoclay,organozeolite,birnessite,goethite and lanthanum-doped magnetic biochar

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Pedosphere 2022年第5期32卷 764-776页

作者： Saeed BAGHERIFAm Trevor C.BROWN christopher m.FELLOWS Ravi NAIDU Sridhar KOmARNENI Chemistry-School of Science and Technology University of New EnglandArmidale NSW 2351(Australia) Global Centre for Environmental Remediation Faculty of Science and Information TechnologyUniversity of NewcastleUniversity DriveCallaghan NSW 2308(Australia) Department of Ecosystem Science and management and materials Research Institute 204 Energy and the Environment LaboratoryPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA 16802(USA)

Arsenic(As)is a known carcinogen and naturally occurring semi-metal in soils and in the Earth's *** of soils and water with As poses a serious threat to millions of people worldwide due to its health hazards and toxicological ***,devising novel and efficient methods for remediation of contaminated areas has attracted a great deal of interest across the *** this study,we investigated the usefulness of synthetic birnessite,goethite,hexadecylpyridinium chloride-modified montmorillonite(HDPC-m),hexadecylpyridinium bromide-modified zeolite(HDPB-Z),and lanthanum(La)-doped magnetic biochar produced from eucalyptus bark(La-Euchar)as adsorbents at 10%dosage for As stabilization in a soil spiked with 1000 mg kg^(-1)*** effectiveness of the above adsorbents in As immobilization in soil was assessed using single-step extractions with 2 mol L^(-1)HNO_(3)and deionized water,the simplified bioaccessibility extraction test(SBET)method,and sequential extraction with the modified Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)*** of the adsorbents shifted the exchangeable fraction of As to more recalcitrant fractions and dramatically reduced the exchangeable fraction by 6%-99%and the extractable amounts with HNO_(3),deionized water,and SBET method by 30%-92%,17%-95%,and 12%-90%,respectively,compared to the unamended *** immobilizing effects of adsorbents on As decreased in the sequence of birnessite>La-Euchar>goethite>HDPB-Z>*** exhibited great affinity for As and drastically reduced As extractability by more than 90%in all single *** results revealed that HDPC-m,HDPB-Z,La-Euchar,birnessite,and goethite are promising immobilizing agents for in situ stabilization of As in terrestrial environments.

关键词： adsorbent bioaccessibility bioavailability environmental contamination immobilizing agent modified biochar modified clay remediation technique

Impact of dogs with deltamethrin-impregnated collars on prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis

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Infectious Disease modelling 2020年第1期5卷 235-247页

作者： mondal Hasan Zahid christopher m.Kribs University of Texas at Arlington Department of MathematicsArlington76019USA

Leishmaniasis is a vector borne zoonosis which is classified as a neglected tropical *** the three most common forms of the disease,Visceral Leishmaniasis(VL)is the most threatening to human health,causing 20,000 to 30,000 deaths worldwide each *** where VL is mostly endemic have unprotected dogs in community and ***"presence of dogs usually increases VL risk for humans since dogs are the principal reservoir host for the parasite of the *** on this fact,most earlier studies consider culling dogs as a control measure for the spread of VL.A more recent control measure has been the use of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars(DIDCs)to protect both humans and dogs by putting DIDCs on dogs *** presence of dogs helps to grow the sandfly population faster by offering a more suitable blood-meal *** the other hand,the presence of DIDCs on dogs helps to reduce sandfly population by the lethality of deltamethrin *** study brings an ecological perspective to this public health concern,aiming to understand the impact of an additional host(here,protected dogs)on disease risk to a primary host(here,humans).To answer this question,we compare two different settings:a community without dogs,and a community with dogs protected with *** analysis shows the presence of protected dogs can reduce VL infection risk in ***,this disease risk reduction depends on dogs’tolerance for sandfly bites.

关键词： dogs delta protected

Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide quenching following UV/H_(2)O_(2)advanced oxidation by thiosulfate,bisulfite,and chlorine in drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第12期17卷 59-69页

作者： Tianyi Chen Lizbeth taylor-Edmonds Susan Andrews Ron Hofmann Department of Civil and mineral Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A4Canada

Residual H_(2)O_(2)from UV/H_(2)O_(2)treatment can be quenched by thiosulfate,bisulfite,and chlorine,but the kinetics of these reactions have not been reported under the full range of practical *** this study,the rates of H_(2)O_(2)quenching by these compounds were compared in different water matrices,temperatures,pH,and when using different forms of bisulfite and *** general,it was confirmed that thiosulfate would be too slow to serve as a quenching agent in most practical *** pH 7-8.5,chlorine tends to quench H_(2)O_(2)more than 20 times faster than bisulfite in the various conditions *** important observation was that in lightly-buffered water(e.g.,alkalinity of 20 mg/L as CaCO_(3)),the form of chlorine can have a large impact on quenching rate,with gaseous chlorine slowing the reaction due to its lowering of the pH,and hypochlorite having the opposite *** impacts will become less significant when water buffer capacity(i.e.,alkalinity)increases(e.g.,to 80 mg/L as CaCO_(3)).In addition,water temperature should be considered as the time required to quench H_(2)O_(2)by chlorine at 4℃is up to 3 times longer than at 20℃.

关键词： UV/H_(2)O_(2) H_(2)O_(2) quenching Chlorine type Water alkalinity Temperature

Understanding the impact of disease and vaccine mechanisms on the importance of optimal vaccine allocation

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Infectious Disease modelling 2023年第2期8卷 539-550页

作者： Isobel R.Abell James m.mcCaw christopher m.Baker School of mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia melbourne Centre for Data Science The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

Vaccination is an important epidemic intervention ***,it is generally unclear how the outcomes of different vaccine strategies change depending on population characteristics,vaccine mechanisms and allocation *** this paper we develop a conceptual mathematical model to simulate strategies for pre-epidemic *** extend the SEIR model to incorporate a range of vaccine mechanisms and disease *** then compare the outcomes of optimal and suboptimal vaccination strategies for three public health objectives(total infections,total symptomatic infections and total deaths)using numerical *** comparison shows that the difference in outcomes between vaccinating optimally and suboptimally depends on vaccine mechanisms,disease characteristics,and objective *** modelling finds vaccines that impact transmission produce better outcomes as transmission is reduced for all *** vaccines that impact the likelihood of symptomatic disease or dying due to infection,the improvement in outcome as we decrease these variables is dependent on the strategy *** a principled model-based process,this work highlights the importance of designing effective vaccine allocation *** conclude that efficient allocation of resources can be just as crucial to the success of a vaccination strategy as the vaccine effectiveness and/or amount of vaccines available.

关键词： mathematical modelling Epidemiology

Ultra-small Cu nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon arrays for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction in dimethylformamide

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Nano Research 2018年第7期11卷 3678-3690页

作者： Xiaolong Zhang Ying Zhang Fengwang Li christopher D. Easton Alan m. Bond Jie Zhang School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia CSIRO manufacturing BayviewAvenue Clayton 3168 VIC Australia

The development of heterogeneous catalysts with a well-defined micro structure to promote their activity and stability for electrocatalyfic CO2 reduction has been shown to be a promising strategy. In this work, Cu nanoparticles （- 4 nm in diameter） embedded in N-doped carbon （Cu@NC） arrays were fabricated by thermal decomposition of copper tetracyanoquinodimethane （CuTCNQ） under N2. Compared to polycrystalline copper electrodes, the Cu@NC arrays provide a significantly improved number of catalytically active sites. This resulted in a 0.7 V positive shift in onset potential, producing a catalytic current density an order magnitude larger at a potential of -2.7 V vs. Fc/Fc＋（Fc = ferrocene） in dimethylformamide （DmF）. By controlling the water content in the DmF solvent, the CO2 reduction product distribution can be tuned. Under optimal conditions （0.5 vol.% water）, 64% HCOO^-, 20% CO, and 13% H2 were obtained. The Cu@NC arrays exhibited excellent catalytic stability with only a 0.5% decrease in the steady-state catalytic current during 6 h of electrolysis. The three-dimensional （3D） array structure of the Cu@NC was demonstrated to be effective for improving the catalytic activity of copper based catalysts while maintaining long-term catalytic stability.

关键词： copper tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) copper carbon arrays CO2 reduction electrocatalysis

Stem cell therapy for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction in primary hypogonadism

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第10期8卷 306-315页

作者： taylor C Peak Nora m Haney William Wang Kenneth J DeLay Wayne J Hellstrom Department of Urology School of MedicineTulane University

The production of testosterone occurs within the Leydig cells of the testes. When production fails at this level from either congenital, acquired, or systemic disorders,the result is primary hypogonadism. While numerous testosterone formulations have been developed, none are yet fully capable of replicating the physiological patterns of testosterone secretion. multiple stem cell therapies to restore androgenic function of the testes are under investigation. Leydig cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and the testes have shown promise for future therapy for primary hypogonadism. In particular, the discovery and utilization of a group of progenitor stem cells within the testes, known as stem Leydig cells(SLCs), has led not only to a better understanding of testicular development, but of treatment as well. When combining this with an understanding of the mechanisms that lead to Leydig cell dysfunction, researchers and physicians will be able to develop stem cell therapies that target the specific step in the steroidogenic process that is deficient. The current preclinical studies highlight the complex nature of regenerating this steroidogenic process and the problems remain unresolved. In summary, there appears to be two current directions for stem cell therapy in male primary hypogonadism. The first method involves differentiating adult Leydig cells from stem cells of various origins from bone marrow, adipose, or embryonic sources. The second method involves isolating, identifying, and transplanting stem Leydig cells into testicular tissue. Theoretically, in-vivo re-activation of SLCs in men with primary hypogonadism due to age would be another alternative method to treat hypogonadism while eliminating the need for transplantation.

关键词： Stem cell therapy Leydig cells Primary hypogonadism Stem Leydig cells Testosterone Bone marrow-derived stem cells Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Variations in Isochore Thickness of the Ecca Sediments in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa,as Deduced from Gravity models

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第5期90卷 1699-1712页

作者： christopher BAIYEGUNHI Oswald GWAVAVA School of Computational Sciences Faculty of Science and AgricultureUniversity of Fort Hare

Gravity modelling was carried out along five profiles that traverse the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa in order to determine the depositional surface and isochore thickness of the Ecca *** models of the subsurface rock density reveal that the Ecca Group has a maximum vertical thickness of about 3215 ± 160 *** maximum depositional surface（elevation）above sea level for the Ecca sediments is about 500 m,whilst the depth below sea level reaches about10000 *** of the isochore thickness maps with the depositional surfaces shows that the sediments in the basement highs were subsided,deformed,eroded and deposited in the basement *** basement highs served as the source area（s） for the sediments in the basement lows,thus basement highs are characterized with thin sediment cover whilst the lows have thick sediment cover.

关键词： ediment isochore thickness depositional surface Ecca Group basement highs and lows