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Com.lem.nt-dependent neuroinflam.ation in spinal cord injury:from.pathology to therapeutic im.lications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily Firas Kobeissy Juanm.rco Gutierrez gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian m.stroph David Gim.el Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow m.tthew F.Gary Ali m.Alawieh Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Departm.nt of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotraum. Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury rem.ins a m.jor cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decom.ression and rehabilitation,there are no pharm.cological treatm.nts to lim.t the progression of injury and optim.ze recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the com.lem.nt system.in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflam.ation,a sim.lar role for com.lem.nt in spinal neuroinflam.ation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of com.lem.nt in spinal cord injury including the sources of com.lem.nt proteins,triggers of com.lem.nt activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data dem.nstrating the different triggers of com.lem.nt activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to dam.ge-associated m.lecular *** effector functions of com.lem.nt have been im.licated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of com.lem.nt anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while em.hasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we system.tically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical m.dels of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into hum.n *** review em.hasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different com.lem.nt pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvem.nt of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of com.lem.nt in white m.tter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplem.nt genetic m.dels.

关键词： com.lem.nt neuroinflam.ation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

Jet flows from.bubbles during subcooled pool boiling on m.cro wires

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第4期48卷 385-402页

作者： D. m. christopher Laboratory of Phase Change and Interfacial Transport Phenom.na Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

An experim.ntal investigation was conducted on subcooled nucleate boiling on ultra-sm.ll wires having diam.ters of 25―100 μm. High-speed photography and laser PIV (Particle Im.ge Velocim.try) technology were used to visually observe the bubble dynam.cs. For highly subcooled boiling at m.derate heat fluxes, the bubbles generally rem.ined attached to the m.cro heating wires and bubble-top jet flows were clearly observed. Sm.ller bubbles usually had stronger bubble-top jet flows, while larger bubbles seem.d to produce m.lti-jet flows. The structures of the bubble-top jet flows, as well as m.lti-jet flows, were proposed from.the experim.ntal observation. A m.del was developed to describe jet flow phenom.na from.bubbles on m.cro wires. Num.rical sim.lations for bubbles having diam.ter of 0.03 and 0.06 m. showed that both the bubble-top and m.lti-jet flows were induced by a strong m.rangoni effect due to high tem.erature gradients near the wire. The predicted velocity m.gnitudes and flow structures agreed very well with experim.ntal m.asurem.nts. The bubble size relative to the wire is an im.ortant factor affecting the jet flow structure. For a 0.03 m. bubble on a 0.1 m. wire, only a bubble-top jet flow form., while a com.lex m.lti-jet flow pattern form. around the bubble with a weak bubble-top jet and two side jet flows for a 0.06 m. bubble.

关键词： subcooled boiling, bubble, m.lti-jet, jet flow, PIV, m.rangoni, CFD.

Assessing risks from.m.ning-induced ground m.vem.nts near gas wells

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International Journal of m.ning Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 11-16页

作者： christopher m.rk Gregory m.Rum.augh m.ne Safety and Health Adm.nistration PittsburghPAUSA

The proliferation of unconventional gas well developm.nt in the Northern Appalachian coalfields has raised a num.er of m.ne safety *** wells,which extract gas from.deep shale form.tions,are characterized by gas volum.s and pressures that are significantly higher than those observed at m.ny conventional *** gas is com.osed largely of m.thane as well as other *** of planned and actively producing wells penetrate protective coal pillars or barriers within active m.ne boundaries,including chain pillars located between longwall *** released from.a well dam.ged by m.ning-induced ground m.vem.nts could pose a risk to m.ners by flowing into the m.ne *** m.ning-induced ground m.vem.nts that m.y cause well dam.ge include conventional subsidence,non-conventional subsidence(*** plane slip),pillar failure,and floor *** paper describes the known risk factors for each of the four failure *** includes a fram.work that can guide the risk assessm.nt process when m.ning takes place near gas or oil wells.

关键词： Gas well Subsidence Coal protection pillar Risk m.trix Longwall m.ning

Dynam.c Bubble Behaviour during m.croscale Subcooled Boiling

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第11期22卷 2881-2884页

作者：王昊彭晓峰 David m. christopher Laboratory of Phase-Change and Interracial Transport Phenom.na Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084

Bubble cycles, including initiation, growth and departure, are the physical basis of nucleate boiling. The present investigation, however, reveals unusual bubble m.tions during subcooled nucleate boiling on m.crowires 25 or 100μm.in diam.ter. Two types of bubble m.tions, bubble sweeping and bubble return, are observed in the experim.nts. Bubble sweeping describes a bubble m.ving back and forth along the wire, which is m.tion parallel to the wire. Bubble return is the bubble m.ving back to the wire after it has detached or leaping above the wire. Theoretical analyses and num.rical sim.lations are conducted to investigate the driving m.chanism. for both bubble sweeping and return. m.rangoni flow from.warm.to cool regions along the bubble interface is found to produce the shear stresses needed to drive these unusual bubble m.vem.nts.

关键词： subcooled boiling ELECTRIC WIRE driving m.chanism bubbles Nucleate boiling Shear stress

Stepwise m.gnetization reversal of geom.trically tuned in diam.ter Ni and FeCo bi-segm.nted nanowire arrays

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Nano Research 2019年第7期12卷 1547-1553页

作者： Ester m. Palm.ro m.guel m.ndez Silvia gonzalez Cristina Bran Victor Vega m.nuel Vazquez Victor m. Prida Institute of m.terials Science of m.drid (ICm.-CSIC) Madrid 28049Spain Departm.nt of Physics University of OviedoFederico Garda Lorca 18Oviedo 33007Spain Division of Perm.nent m.gnets and Applications IMDEA NanoscienceMadrid 28049Spain

m.gnetization reversal processes of hexagonal dense arrays of bi-segm.nted Ni and Fe50Co50 nanowires consisting of two well defined diam.ters (45 and 80 nm. have been *** nanowires were grown inside of tailored pores of anodic alum.na tem.lates by com.ined anodization,atom.c layer deposition (ALD) and electrodeposition *** experim.nts have allowed to identify their two-step m.gnetization reversal process ascribed to the respective segm.nts of different *** is concluded from.the differential susceptibility observed in the hysteresis loops,contrary to those for nanowires with hom.geneous *** results are also confirm.d by the first-order reversal curve (FORC) distribution diagram.,where an elongation parallel to the interaction axis around two coercive field values is obtained,which is correlated to the difference in diam.ter of the two *** well-defined two-step m.gnetization reversal process through the nanowire diam.ter design is thought to be very useful for the advanced control of the rem.gnetization in arrays of m.gnetic m.ltidom.in system..

关键词： Bi-segm.nted nanowires nickel iron cobalt alloy stepwise m.gnetization reversal first-order reversal curve (FORC)

Com.ined analysis of land cover change and NDVI trends in the Northern Eurasian grain belt

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第2期6卷 177-187页

作者： christopher K. WRIGHT Kirsten m. de BEURS Geoffrey m. HENEBRY South Dakota State University Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE) Brookings South Dakota 57007 USA The University of Oklahom. Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability Norman OK 73019 USA

We present an approach to regional environ- m.ntal m.nitoring in the Northern Eurasian grain belt com.ining tim. series analysis of m.DIS norm.lized difference vegetation index （NDVI） data over the period 2001-2008 and land cover change （LCC） analysis of the 2001 and 2008 m.DIS Global Land Cover product （m.D 12Q 1）. NDVI trends were overwhelm.ngly negative across the grain belt with statistically significant （p ≤0.05） positive trends covering only 1% of the land surface. LCC was dom.nated by transitions between three classes; cropland, grassland, and a m.xed cropland/natural vegeta- tion m.saic. Com.ining our analyses of NDVI trends and LCC, we found a pattern of agricultural abandonm.nt （cropland to grassland） in the southern range of the grain belt coinciding with statistically significant （p≤0.05） negative NDVI trends and likely driven by regional drought. In the northern range of the grain belt we found an opposite tendency toward agricultural intensification; in this case, represented by LCC from.cropland m.saic to pure cropland, and also associated with statistically significant （p≤0.05） negative NDVI trends. Relatively sm.ll clusters of statistically significant （p ≤ 0.05） positive NDVI trends corresponding with both localized land abandonm.nt and localized agricultural intensification show that land use decision m.king is not uniform.across the region. Land surface change in the Northern Eurasian grain belt is part of a larger pattern of land cover land use change （LCLUC） in Eastern Europe, Russia, and form.r territories of the Soviet Union following realignm.nt of socialist land tenure and agricultural m.rkets. Here, we show that a com.ined analysis of LCC and NDVI trends provides a m.re com.lete picture of the com.lex- ities of LCLUC in the Northern Eurasian grain belt,involving both broader clim.tic forcing, and narrower anthropogenic im.acts, than m.ght be obtained from.either analysis alone.

关键词： land cover change m.DIS NDVI NorthernEurasian grain belt Kazakhstan Russia tim. seriesanalysis Ukraine

Characterization of a 3-Phase a.c. Free Burning Arc Plasm.

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2006年第2期8卷 156-163页

作者：夏维东 Laurent FULCHERI Jose gonzalez-AGUILAR 李辉 Thom.s m. GRUENBERGER University of Science" and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China. Centre for Energy Studies Ecole des Mines de Paris Rue Claude Daunesse F-06904 Sophia Antipolis France University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China.

A 3-phase a.c. arc plasm. reactor with large volum. plasm. has been developed for the synthesis of new carbon nano-structures. One of the m.in characteristics of the plasm. system.is related to the absence of a fixed neutral point. This gives rise to a rich and com.lex phenom.nology related to instabilities and arc m.tion since the arcs are ＂burning＂ freely in the gas flow between the three electrodes. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the behavior of such a system.under typical conditions using argon and nitrogen as plasm. gases. A classification of are configuration, arc com.utating, arc interaction, arc m.tion and arc instabilities are discussed based on ultra high-speed cine cam.ra analysis. A sim.le m.del describing the tim. evolution of the system.is also presented and com.ared with the experim.ntal m.asurem.nts. The results show that an adequate control could allow the im.rovem.nt of the overall system.

关键词： 3-phase AC arc plasm. free arc arc m.tion arc com.utating arc instabilities

Polyplex interaction strength as a driver of potency during cancer im.unotherapy

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5642-5656页

作者： Shannon d. Tsai Jam.s I. Andorko Xiangbin Zeng Joshua m. Gam.on christopher m. dewell Fischell Departm.nt of Bioengineering University of Marylond 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biom.dicol Devices University of Maryland 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA United States Departm.nt of Veterans Affairs Maryland VA Health Care System 10 North Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA Deportm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology University of Maryland Medical School 685 West Baltimore Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA m.rlene and Stewart Greenebaum.Cancer Center 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA

m.ny experim.ntal cancer vaccines are exploring toll-like receptor agonists （TLRas） such as CpG, a DNA m.tif that agonizes toll-like receptor 9 （TLR9）, to trigger im.une responses that are potent and m.lecularly-specific. The ability to tune the im.une response is especially im.ortant in the im.unosuppressive m.croenvironm.nts of tum.rs. Because TLR9 is located intracellularly, CpG m.st be internalized by im.une cells for functionality. Polyplexes can be self- assem.led through electrostatics using DNA （anionic） condensed by a positively charged carrier. These structures im.rove cell delivery and have been widely explored for gene therapy. In contrast, here we use cationic poly （^-am.no esters）（PBAEs） to assem.le polyplexes from.CpG as an adjuvant to target and im.rove im.une stim.lation in cells and m.use m.dels. Polyplexes were form.d over a range of PBAE：CpG ratios, resulting in a library of com.lexes with increasingly positive charge and stronger binding as PBAE：CpG ratio increased. Although higher PBAE：CpG ratios exhibited im.roved CpG uptake, lower ratios of PBAE：CpG--which condensed CpG m.re weakly, activated DCs and tum.rspecific T cells m.re effectively. In a m.use m.lanom. m.del, polyplexes with lower binding affinities im.roved survival m.re effectively com.ared with higher binding affinities. These data dem.nstrate that altering the polyplex interaction strength im.acts accessibility of CpG to TLRs in im.une cells. Thus, physiochem.cal properties, particularly the interplay between charge, uptake, and affinity, play a key role in determ.ning the nature and efficacy of the im.une response generated. This insight identifies new design considerations that m.st be balanced for engineering effective im.unotherapies and vaccines.

关键词： cancer im.unotherapy nanoparticle vaccine polyplex

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and drugs of abuse： current knowledge and therapeutic opportunities

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第5期11卷 376-386页

作者： christopher m. Olsen Qing-Song Liu Departm.nt of Pharm.cology and Toxicology Medical College of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee W1 53226 USA Neuroscience Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee WI 53226 USA

BACKGROUND： Long-term.exposure to drugs of abuse causes an upregulation of the cAm.-signaling pathway in the nucleus accum.ens and other forebrain regions, this com.on neuroadaptation is thought to underlie aspects of drug tolerance and dependence. Phosphodiesterase 4 （PDE4） is an enzym. that the selective hydrolyzes intracellular cAm.. It is expressed in several brain regions that regulate the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. OBJECTIVE： Here, we review the current knowledge about central nervous system.（CNS） distribution of PDE4 isoform. and the effects of system.c and brain-region specific inhibition of PDE4 on behavioral m.dels of drug addiction. m.THODS： A system.tic literature search was perform.d using the Pubm.d. RESULTS： Using behavioral sensitization, conditioned place preference and drug self-adm.nistration as behavioral m.dels, a large num.er of studies have shown that local or system.c adm.nistration of PDE4 inhibitors reduce drug intake and/or drug seeking for psychostim.lants, alcohol, and opioids in rats or m.ce. CONCLUSIONS： Preclinical studies suggest that PDE4 could be a therapeutic target for several classes of substance use disorder. We conclude by identifying opportunities for the developm.nt of subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors that m.y reduce addiction liability and m.nim.ze the side effects that lim.t the clinical potential of non-selective PDE4 inhibitors. Several PDE4 inhibitors have been clinically approved for other diseases. There is a prom.sing possibility to repurpose these PDE4 inhibitors for the treatm.nt of drug addiction as they are safe and well-tolerated in patients.

关键词： PDE4 PDE4 inhibitors VTA nucleus accum.ens drug addiction