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Developing a USLE cover and management factor(C)for forested regions of southern China

Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第3期14卷 660-672页

作者： Conghui Li Lili Lin Zhenbang Hao christopher j.post Zhanghao Chen jian Liu Kunyong Yu Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002China University Key Laboratory for Geomatics Technology and Optimized Resources Utilization in Fujian Province Fuzhou350002China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA

The Universal Soil Loss Equation model is often used to improve soil resource conservation by monitoring and forecasting soil *** study tested a novel method to determine the cover and management factor(C)of this model by coupling the leaf area index(LAI)and soil basal respiration(SBR)to more accurately estimate a soil erosion map for a typical region with red soil in Hetian,Fujian Province,*** spatial distribution of the LAI was obtained using the normalized difference vegetation index and was consistent with the LAI observed in the field(R^2=0.66).The spatial distribution of the SBR was obtained using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach model and verified by soil respiration field observations(R^2=0.51).Correlation analyses and regression models suggested that the LAI and SBR could reasonably reflect the structure of the forest canopy and understory vegetation,***,the C-factor was reconstructed using the proposed forest vegetation structure factor(Cs),which considers the effect of the forest canopy and shrub and litter layers on reducing rainfall *** feasibility of this new method was thoroughly verified using runoff plots(R2=0.55).The results demonstrated that Cs may help local governments understand the vital role of the structure of the vegetation layer in limiting soil erosion and provide a more accurate large-scale quantification of the C-factor for soil erosion.

关键词： leaf area index remote sensing soil basal respiration forest vegetation structure factor vegetation layer structure

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The co-effect of image resolution and crown size on deep learning for individual tree detection and delineation

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International journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 3753-3771页

作者： Zhenbang Hao Lili Lin christopher j.post Elena A.Mikhailova Kunyong Yu Huirong Fang jian Liu Zhangzhou Institute of Technology ZhangzhouPeople’s Republic of China College of Biological Science and Biotechnology Minnan Normal UniversityZhangzhouPeople’s Republic of China Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA University Key Lab for Geomatics Technology and Optimized Resources Utilization in Fujian Province FuzhouPeople’s Republic of China

Individual tree detection and delineation(ITDD)is an important subject in forestry and urban *** study represents the first research to propose the concept of crown resolution to comprehensively evaluate the co-effect of image resolution and crown size on deep *** images with different resolutions were derived from a DjI Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV),and 1344 manually delineated Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb)Hook)tree crowns were used for six training and validation mask region-based convolutional neural network(Mask R-CNN)models,while additional 476 delineated tree crowns were reserved for *** overall detection accuracy,the influence of different crown sizes,and crown resolutions were calculated to evaluate model performance accuracy with different image resolutions for *** show that the highest accuracy was achieved when the crown resolution was between 800 and 12800 pixels/*** accuracy of ITDD was impacted by crown resolution,and it was unable to effectively identify Chinese fir when the crown resolution was less than 25 pixels/tree or higher than 12800 pixels/*** study highlights crown resolution as a critical factor affecting ITDD and suggests selecting the appropriate resolution based on the target detected crown size.

关键词： Mask R-CNN instance segmentation UAV image resolution crown-like characteristics

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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

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Perspectives on cultured meat

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Food Materials Research 2021年第1期1卷 10-14页

作者： Shijie Ding Mark j.post Guanghong Zhou College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control MOSTKey Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality ControlMOEKey Laboratory of Meat ProcessingMOANanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Department of Physiology Maastricht UniversityCARIMMaastrichtThe Netherlands

Cultured meat is a promising alternative protein technology that aims to produce healthier,safer,and more sustainable *** is muscle and fat tissue generated in vitro by the culturing and biomanufacturing of animal cells for human ***,producing cultured meat at large scale and low-cost is still a difficult ***,regulation and consumer acceptance are all challenges for cultured meat *** this perspective,we divided the industrial production of cultured meat into three goals according to the cell types and *** discuss the technologies used to achieve low-cost cultured meat industrial *** also discuss the regulation and consumer acceptance and how both can accelerate commercialization.

关键词： consumer cost acceptance

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Spatio-temporal analysis of flowering using Li DAR topography

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journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第1期27卷 62-78页

作者： HART Samantha MIKHAILOVA Elena post christopher Mc MILLAN Patrick SHARP julia BRIDGES William Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson University SC 29634 USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University SC 29634 USA

Spatio-temporal patterns of flowering in forest ecosystems are hard to quantify and monitor. The objectives of this study were to investigate spatio-temporal patterns（e.g. soilssimple slope classesslope aspectand flow accumulation） of flowering around Lake IssaqueenaSouth Carolina（SCUSA） using plant-flowering database collected with GPS- enabled camera（stored in Picasa 3 web albums and project website） on a monthly basis in 2012 and Li DAR-based topography. Pacolet fine sandy loam had the most flowering plantsfollowed by Madison sandy loamboth dominant soil types around the lake. Most flowering plants were on moderately steep（17%–30%） and gently sloping（4%–8%） slopes. Most flowering plants were on west（247.5°–292.5°）southwest（202.5°–247.5°）and northwest（292.5°–337.5°） aspects. Most flowering plants were associated with minimum and maximum flows within the landscape. Chi-square tests indicated differences in the distributions of the proportions of flowering plants were significant by soil typeslopeaspectand flow accumulation for each month（February-November）for all months（overall）and across months. The Chi-square test on area-normalized data indicated significant differences for all months and individual differences by each month with some months not statistically significant. Cluster analysis on flowering counts for nine plant families with the most flowering counts indicated no unique separation by clusterbut implied that the majority of these families were flowering on strongly sloping（9%–16%） slopeson southwest（202.5°–247.5°） aspectsand low flow accumulation（0–200）. Presented methodology can serve as a template for future efforts to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of flowering and other phenological events.

关键词： aspect flow accumulation Geographic Information Systems(GIS) phenology soils

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Studying turbulence structure near the wall in hydrodynamic flows:An approach based on the Schur decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第5期34卷 806-825页

作者： christopher j.Keylock School of Architecture Building and Civil EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUK

The Schur decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor(VGT)is an alternative to the classical Cauchy-Stokes decomposition into rotation rate and strain rate ***,there have been several strands of work that have employed this decomposition to examine the physics of turbulence dynamics,including approaches that combine the Schur and Cauchy-Stokes *** are briefly reviewed before the latter approach is set *** partitions the rotation rate and strain rate tensors into normal/local and non-normal/non-local *** then study the relation between the VGT dynamics and ejection-sweep events in a channel flow *** show that the sweeps in particular exhibit novel behaviour compared with either the other quadrants,or the flow in general,with a much-reduced contribution to the dynamics from the non-normal terms above the viscous *** particular,the reduction in the production term that is the interaction between the non-normality and the normal straining reduces in the log-layer as a consequence of an absence of alignment between the non-normal vorticity and the strain rate *** have been early forays into using the Schur transform approach for subgrid-scale modelling in large-eddy simulation(LES)and this would appear to be an exciting way forward.

关键词： Turbulence channel flow velocity gradient tensor Schur decomposition

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Development process for a higher capacity Propsetter~ system

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 121-126页

作者： christopher j.Brown Product Development-Strata Worldwide LLC

As longwall tailgate support technologies continue to be developed and improved, strata worldwide has worked to design and manufacture a revised Propsetter to provide additional support capacity and enable applications at greater mine *** support is targeted for tailgate applications, however, it can also be utilized for roof support in various types of mining *** paper describes the design changes for enhancing the support capacity of the Propsetter to more closely align its performance with other support technologies currently being employed in longwall *** changes to each design aspect of the Propsetter was key to successfully improving the roof support's load capacity while maintaining controlled *** the load capacity would allow a mine to improve support efficiency with a smaller, less intrusive support compared to support alternatives and reduce the cost per foot of supported *** target support capacity was 711–890 k N at 50 mm of deformation to more closely match the performance of competing tailgate supports such as the 610 mm-diameter CAN~.To achieve this goal, changes were made to all design aspects of the Propsetter: diameter, wedge cut depth and angle, pod size, and confinement *** results from the NIOSH Mine Roof Simulator verified that these design changes were successful in increasing the capacity of the Propsetter to the 711–890 k N range at fifty mms of deformation.

关键词： Propsetter Can Longwall mining Tailgate roof support Controlled deformation

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Plasma-catalysis: Is it just a question of scale?

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 264-273页

作者： j.christopher Whitehead School of Chemistry The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PLUK

The issues of describing and understanding the changes in performance that result when a catalyst is placed into plasma are discussed. The different chemical and physical interactions that result and how their combination might produce beneficial results for the plasma-catalytic processing of different gas streams are outlined with particular emphasis being placed on the different range of spatial and temporal scales that must be considered both in experiment and modelling. The focus is on non-thermal plasma where the lack of thermal equilibrium creates a range of temperature scales that must be considered. This contributes in part to a wide range of inhomogeneity in different properties such as species concentrations and electric fields that must be determined experimentally by in situ methods and be incorporated into modelling. It is concluded that plasmacatalysis is best regarded as conventional catalysis perturbed by the presence of a discharge, which modifies its operating conditions, properties and outcomes often in a very localised way. The sometimes used description "plasma-activated catalysis" is an apt one.

关键词： plasma catalysis plasma-activated catalysis non-thermal plasma CO2 conversion

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Alternatives for large-scale production of cultured beef: A review

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 208-216页

作者： Matilda S M Moritz Sanne E L Verbruggen Mark j.post Department of Physiology Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology Linkping UniversityLinkping SE-581 83 Sweden

Cultured beef is a method where stem cells from skeletal muscle of cows are cultured in vitro to gain edible muscle tissue. For large-scale production of cultured beef, the culture technique needs to become more efficient than today＇s 2-dimensional（2D） standard technique that was used to make the first cultured hamburger. Options for efficient large-scale production of stem cells are to culture cells on microcarriers, either in suspension or in a packed bed bioreactor, or to culture aggregated cells in suspension. We discuss the pros and cons of these systems as well as the possibilities to use the systems for tissue culture. Either of the production systems needs to be optimized to achieve an efficient production of cultured beef. It is anticipated that the optimization of large-scale cell culture as performed for other stem cells can be translated into successful protocols for bovine satellite cells resulting in resource and cost efficient cultured beef.

关键词： cultured beef microcarriers aggregated cells packed bed bioreactor cell culture

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Sediment Pollution Assessment of Abandoned Residential Developments Using Remote Sensing and GIS

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 39-47页

作者： j.D.WERTS E.A.MIKHAILOVA C.j.post j.L.SHARP Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Clemson University 261 Lehotsky HallClemson SC 29634 (USA) Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University 234 Barre HallClemson SC 29634 (USA)

The current economic crisis has left numerous residential developments in the southeastern United States in various stages of construction. Many of them are currently graded and essentially abandoned, creating a major source of sediment runoff to waterways. Residential development locations with significant bare soil areas were identified through classification of Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery and subsequently verified from high-resolution county aerial photographs. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) was used in a geographic information system (GIS) as a tool for prioritizing identified locations on the basis of potential soil loss assuming the worst case scenario of a completely unmaintained site. Initial GIS identification indicated 301 sites with a total bare soil area of 2 378 ha over three counties in Upstate South Carolina. A random sample of 153 sites was visited over 17 days and assessed using a mobile GIS, global positioning system (GPS), and digital camera for field validation. Results indicated that 78% (119) of the sites were classified correctly (residential construction sites in varying stages of completion); 88% of identified areas were less than 25% built compared to the previous year; 48% were categorized as moderate to severe problems. Abandoned and unfinished developments in Upstate South Carolina may represent a major source of sediment pollution to streams. Well-maintained erosion control devices may be useful in preventing offsite sedimentation.

关键词： classification construction erosion RUSLE soil loss

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