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Waterbird use of farm dams in south-eastern Australia:abundance and influence of biophysical and landscape characteristics

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Chinese Birds 2017年第1期8卷 12-24页

作者： Andrew j.Hamilton ChloéConort Aurore Bueno christopher G.Murray james R.Grove Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneDookie CampusCurrawaVIC 3647Australia Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor(Research and Innovation) Federation University AustraliaBallaratVIC 3353Australia Department of Rural Health Melbourne Medical School49 Graham StreetPO Box 6500SheppartonVIC 3632Australia École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse 31326 Castanet TolosanFrance Faculty of Science The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Faculty of Science Department of GeographyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Background: While agriculture has taken much environmental water in Australia's Murray-Darling Basin, agricultural expansion has resulted in a vast number of farm dams, almost three-quarters of a million in the Murray-Darling Basin ***: Over a summer we studied(1) waterbird abundance and species richness and(2) the influence of biophysical and landscape characteristics across 49 farm dams at a large mixed-enterprise farm in northern Victoria on the southern reach of the Murray-Darling ***: On average, dams were found to host 27.1 ± 71.1 individuals/ha and 1.8 ± 2.9 species per pond. Such densities are comparable to those on natural wetlands. Dam surface area and perimeter and amount of vegetation were positively and strongly correlated with the Rallidae density(birds/ha), but no other parameters were strongly correlated with any other functional group. The landscape in which the dams were embedded had a highly significant effect(p < 0.001) on the number of birds found on a ***: Our research needs to be complemented with further studies in other parts of the Basin and on other taxa, but given at our site they supported similar densities of individuals and species to natural wetlands, and given the fact that there are 710,539 farm dams in the Murray-Darling Basin, which hosts much of Australia's waterbird fauna, it is reasonable to suggest that farm dams are overlooked, and possibly very important, avian biodiversity hotspots. It also highlights the importance of a landscape setting, in which dams are situated, on the number of birds using the dams.

关键词： Farm ponds Waterbirds Waterfowl Zooplankton

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Cleavage of the Babuvirus Movement Protein B4 into Functional Peptides Capable of Host Factor Conjugation is Required for Virulence

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第3期34卷 295-305页

作者： jun Zhuang Wenwu Lin christopher j.Coates Pengxiang Shang Taiyun Wei Zujian Wu Lianhui Xie State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of Biosciences College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwansea SA2 8PPWalesUK

Banana bunchy top virus(BBTV)poses a serious danger to banana crops ***-encoded protein B4 is a determinant of ***,the relevant molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain *** this study,we found that a functional peptide could be liberated from protein B4,likely via proteolytic ***-directed mutagenesis indicated that the functional processing of protein B4 is required for its pathogenic effects,including dwarfism and sterility,in *** released protein fragment targets host proteins,such as the large subunit of RuBisCO(RbcL)and elongation factor 2(EF2),involved in protein ***,the peptide released from B4(also a precursor)may act as a non-canonical modifier to influence host-pathogen interactions involving BBTV and plants.

关键词： Banana bunchy top virus(BBTV) Movement protein B4 Functional peptide Pathogenicity

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An investigation into intermittent electrification strategies and an analysis of resulting CO_(2) emissions using a high-fidelity train model

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第3期29卷 314-326页

作者： Bilal M.Abdurahman Tim Harrison christopher P.Ward William j.B.Midgley Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

A near-term strategy to reduce emissions from rail vehicles,as a path to full electrification for maximal decarbonisation,is to partially electrify a route,with the remainder of the route requiring an additional self-powered traction *** rail vehicles are usually powered by a diesel engine when not operating on electrified track and are referred to as bi-mode *** paper analyses the benefits of discontinuous electrification compared to continuous electrification using the CO_(2)estimates from a validated high-fidelity bi-mode(diesel-electric)rail vehicle *** analysis shows that 50%discontinuous electrification provides a maximum of 54%reduction in operational CO_(2)emissions when compared to the same length of continuously electrified *** highest emissions savings occurred when leaving train stations where vehicles must accelerate quickly to line *** results were used to develop a linear regression model for fast estimation of CO_(2)emissions from diesel running and electrification *** model was able to estimate the CO_(2)emissions from a route to within 10%of that given by the high-fidelity ***,additional considerations such as cost and the embodied CO_(2)in electrification infrastructure were analysed to provide a comparison between continuous and discontinuous *** electrification can cost up to 56%less per reduction in lifetime emissions than continuous electrification and can save up to 2.3 times more lifetime CO_(2)per distance electrified.

关键词： Railway electrification CO_(2)reduction Discontinuous electrification Bi-mode rail vehicle

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Insights into the role of jasmonic acid-mediated defenses against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungal pathogens

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第1期7卷 48-56页

作者： christopher j. ANTICO Chad COLON Taylor BANKS Katrina M. RAMONELL Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

jasmonic acid （jA） is a natural hormone regulator involved in development, responses against woundingand pathogen attack. Upon perception of pathogens, jA is synthesized and mediates a signaling cascade initiating various defense responses. Traditionally, necrotrophic fungi have been shown to be the primary activators of jA- dependent defenses through the jA-receptor, COIl. Conversely, plants infected with biotrophic fungi have classically been associated with suppressing jA-mediated responses. However, recent evidence has shown that certain biotrophic fungal species also trigger activation of jA-mediated responses and mutants deficient in jA signaling show an increase in susceptibility to certain biotrophic fungal pathogens. These findings suggest a new role for jA in defense against fungal biotrophs. This review will focus on recent research advancing our knowledge of jA-dependant responses involved in defense against both biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi.

关键词： jasmonic acid (jA) methyl jasmonate (MejA) biotrophic fungi necrotrophic fungi COIl

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不同流量情景径流对水质组合事件发生概率的影响研究--以淮河流域蚌埠闸为例

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应用基础与工程科学学报 2015年第4期23卷 669-679页

作者：吴绍飞张翔邵全喜 christopher j Gippel 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室湖北武汉430072 水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心武汉大学湖北武汉430072 澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织数学与信息科学协会温布利WA6913 澳大利亚格里菲斯大学河流协会南森昆士兰4111

河流水量与水质之间相互联系,相互影响,正确认识水量对水质的影响是进行水量水质联合调度的基础.以淮河流域蚌埠闸为例,按蚌埠闸流量高低(低、中、高)分别设置3种情景(对应情景1,2,3),基于Copula函数,分别建立以上3种流量情景下对应的... 详细信息

河流水量与水质之间相互联系,相互影响,正确认识水量对水质的影响是进行水量水质联合调度的基础.以淮河流域蚌埠闸为例,按蚌埠闸流量高低(低、中、高)分别设置3种情景(对应情景1,2,3),基于Copula函数,分别建立以上3种流量情景下对应的蚌埠闸水质变量(CODMn和NH3-N)的联合分布函数,对上述3种不同流量情景下水质变量不同组合事件发生概率进行了分析.结果表明,蚌埠闸上各种水质超标组合事件的发生概率总体上是随着闸上流量的增加而减小的,以III类水为标准,相对于低流量条件(情景1),中等流量条件(情景2)可以显著降低蚌埠闸上两水质同时超标风险,风险率值从情景1下此类事件的概率41%迅速降低至15%,而高流量条件(情景3)可以进一步降低其概率至3%.研究结果可以为当前淮河流域水量水质联合调度提供决策依据.

关键词：径流与水质关系不同流量情景 Copula函数淮河

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Structure-guided Capacitance Relationships in Oxidized Graphene Porous Materials Based Supercapacitors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 58-69页

作者： Srinivas Gadipelli Hanieh Akbari juntao Li christopher A.Howard Hong Zhang Paul R.Shearing Dan j.L.Brett College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 7JEUK Department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK

Supercapacitors formed from porous carbon and graphene-oxide(GO)materials are usually dominated by either electric double-layer capacitance,pseudo-capacitance,or *** to these combined features,reduced GO materials have been shown to offer superior capacitance over typical nanoporous carbon materials;however,there is a significant variation in reported values,ranging between 25 and 350 F g^(−1).This undermines the structure(e.g.,oxygen functionality and/or surface area)-performance relationships for optimization of cost and scalable *** work demonstrates important structure-controlled charge storage *** this,a series of exfoliated graphene(EG)derivatives are produced via thermal-shock exfoliation of GO precursors and following controlled graphitization of EG(GEG)generates materials with varied amounts of porosity,redox-active oxygen groups and graphitic *** results show significantly varied capacitance values between 30 and 250 F g^(−1)at 1.0 A g^(−1)in GEG structures;this suggests that for a given specific surface area the redox-active and hydrophilic oxygen content can boost the capacitance to 250–300%higher compared to typical mesoporous carbon *** with identical oxygen functionality show a surface area governed *** allows to establish direct structure-performance relationships between 1)redox-active oxygen functional concentration and capacitance and 2)surface area and capacitance.

关键词： electric double-layer capacitance graphene-oxide pseudocapacitance structure-performance relationships supercapacitors

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Use of topical vancomycin powder in total joint arthroplasty:Why the current literature is inconsistent?

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世界骨科杂志:英文版 2023年第8期14卷 589-597页

作者： Fabio Mancino Piers j Yates Benjamin Clark christopher W jones Department of Orthopaedics Fiona Stanley HospitalPerth 6150Australia Department of Orthopaedics The Orthopaedic Research Foundation of Western AustraliaPerth 6010Australia Department of Orthopaedics University of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia Department of Infectious Diseases Fiona Stanley HospitalPerth 6150Australia Department of Orthopaedics Curtin UniversityPerth 6102Australia

Periprosthetic joint infection(PjI)is a rare but terrible complication in hip and knee arthroplasty,and the use of topical vancomycin powder(VP)has been investigated as a tool to potentially reduce its ***,there remains no consensus on its ***,the aim of this review is to provide an overview on the application of topical vancomycin in orthopaedic surgery focusing on the recent evidence and results in total joint *** systematic reviews and meta-analyses on topical VP in hip and knee arthroplasty have been recently published reporting sometimes conflicting *** from all being limited by the quality of the included studies(mostly level III and IV),confounding variables are often included potentially leading to biased *** taken into consideration the exclusive use of VP in isolation,the available data,although very limited,suggest that it does not reduce the infection rate in routine primary hip and knee ***,we still cannot advise for a routinary application.A properly powered randomized-controlled trial would be necessary to clarify the role of VP in hip and knee *** on the analysis of the current evidence,the use of topical VP appears to be safe when used locally in terms of systemic adverse reactions,hence,if proven to be effective,it could bring great benefits due to its low cost and accessibility.

关键词： Periprosthetic joint infection Vancomycin powder Total knee arthroplasty Total hip arthroplasty Infection antibiotic

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Systematic evaluation of a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy device with variable pulse peak power and pulse duration

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Asian journal of Urology 2014年第1期1卷 60-65页

作者： christopher Netsch Sophie Knipper Christian Tiburtius Andreas j.Gross Department of Urology Asklepios Hospital BarmbekHamburgGermany

Objective:The Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet(Ho:YAG)laser is the standard lithotrite for *** paper is to evaluate a Ho:YAG laser with a novel effect function in vitro,which allows a real-time variation of pulse duration and pulse peak ***:Two types of phantom calculi with four degrees of hardness were made for fragmentation and retropulsion *** was analysed at 5(0.5 j/10 Hz),10(1 j/10 Hz),and 20(2 j/10 Hz)W in non-floating phantom calculi,retropulsion in an ureteral model at 10(1 j/10 Hz)and 20(2 j/10 Hz)W using floating phantom *** effect function was set to 25%,50%,75%,and 100%of the maximum possible effect function at each power *** outcomes:fragmentation(mm^3),the distance of retropulsion(cm);5 measurements for each ***:An increase of the effect feature(25%vs.100%),i.e.,an increase of pulse peak power and decrease of pulse duration,improved Ho:YAG laser *** effect was remarkable in soft stone composition,while there was a trend for improved fragmentation with an increase of the effect feature in hard stone *** increased with increasing effect function,independently of stone *** major limitations of the study are the use of artificial stones and the in vitro ***:Changes in pulse duration and pulse peak power may lead to improved stone fragmentation,most prominently in soft stones,but also lead to increased *** new effect function may enhance Ho:YAG laser fragmentation when maximum power output is limited or retropulsion is excluded.

关键词： Ureteroscopy Ho:YAG laser Lithotripsy Pulse peak power Pulse duration

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Food Safety and Health—Past Problems and Future Solutions

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Engineering 2020年第4期6卷 384-388页

作者： christopher j.Smith Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition University of ChesterChester CH14BJUK

The dictum of Hippocrates“Let thy food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”is potentially both more accurate and more dangerous than ever *** dictum can only be realistically applied if all foods are known to be *** foods are being produced,which are processed in a variety of ways with ingredients sourced from many different countries and processed in a variety of *** processing may include the addition of supplements which are intended to improve health and of adulterants which are potentially ***,foods may be contaminated with pesticides and other materials encountered during production and *** there is a need to identify“unsafe”*** question may be better put as:Which foods are safe?

关键词： pesticides intended dangerous

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Characterization of the tribologically relevant cover layers formed on copper in oxygen and oxygen-free conditions

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Friction 2023年第8期11卷 1505-1521页

作者： Selina RAUMEL Khemais BARIENTI Hoang-Thien LUU Nina MERKERT Folke DENCKER Florian NÜRNBERGER Hans jürgen MAIER Marc christopher WURZ Institute of Micro Production Technology Leibniz Universität HannoverGarbsen 30823Germany Institut für Werkstoffkunde(Materials Science) Leibniz Universität HannoverGarbsen 30823Germany Institute of Applied Mechanics Clausthal University of TechnologyClausthal-Zellerfeld 38678Germany

Engineering in vacuum or under a protective atmosphere permits the production of materials, wherever the absence of oxygen is an essential demand for a successful processing. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence of the effect of oxidized surfaces to tribological properties. In the current study on 99.99% pure copper, it is revealed that tribo-oxidation and the resulting increased abrasive wear can be suppressed by processing in an extreme high vacuum (XHV) adequate environment. The XHV adequate atmosphere was realized by using a silane-doped shielding gas (1.5 vol% SiH4 in argon). To analyse the influence of the ambient atmosphere on the tribological and mechanical properties, a ball–disk tribometer and a nanoindenter were used in air, argon, and silane-doped argon atmosphere for temperatures up to 800 ℃. Resistance measurements of the resulting coatings were carried out. To characterize the microstructures and the chemical compositions of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The investigations have revealed a formation of η-Cu3Si in silane-doped atmosphere at 300 ℃, as well as various intermediate stages of copper silicides. At temperatures above 300 ℃, the formation of γ-Cu5Si were detected. The formation was linked to an increase in hardness from 1.95 to 5.44 GPa, while the Young’s modulus increased by 46% to 178 GPa, with the significant reduction of the wear volume by a factor of 4.5 and the suppression of further oxidation and susceptibility of chemical wear. In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

关键词： wear behavior tribochemical reaction oxidation behavior surface analysis molecular dynamics(MD)simulation

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