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Phosphorus limitation on CO_(2)fertilization effect in tropical forests informed by a coupled biogeochemical model

Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 502-515页

作者： Zhuonan Wang Hanqin Tian Shufen Pan Hao Shi Jia Yang Naishen Liang Latif Kalin christopher Anderson Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA Center for Earth System Science and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and SocietyBoston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Department of Engineering Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Center for Global Environmental Research(CGER) National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)TsukubaIbaraki305-8506Japan College of Forestry Wildlife and EnvironmentAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA

Tropical forests store more than half of the world's terrestrial carbon(C)pool and account for one-third of global net primary productivity(NPP).Many terrestrial biosphere models(TBMs)estimate increased productivity in tropical forests throughout the 21st century due to CO_(2)***,phosphorus(P)liaitations on vegetation photosynthesis and productivity could significantly reduce the CO_(2)fertilization ***,we used a carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus coupled model(Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model;DLEM-CNP)with heterogeneous maximum carboxylation rates to examine how P limitation has affected C fluxes in tropical forests *** model results showed that the inclusion of the P processes enhanced model performance in simulating ecosystem *** further compared the simulations from DLEM-CNP,DLEM-CN,and DLEMC and the results showed that the inclusion of P processes reduced the CO_(2)fertilization effect on gross primary production(GPP)by 25%and 45%,and net ecosystem production(NEP)by 28%and 41%,respectively,relative to CN-only and C-on ly *** the 1860s to the 2010s,the DLEM-CNP estimated that in tropical forests GPP increased by 17%,plant respiration(Ra)increased by 18%,ecosystem respiration(Rh)increased by 13%,NEP increased by 121%per unit area,***,factorial experiments with DLEM-CNP showed that the enhanced NPP benefiting from the CO_(2) fertilization effect had been offset by 135%due to deforestation from the 1860s to the *** study highlights the importance of P limitation on the C cycle and the weakened CO_(2)fertilization effect resulting from P limitation in tropical forests.

关键词： Tropical forests Carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model Phosphorus limitation CO_(2)fertilization effect Terrestfial ecosy stem model

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Soil microbial ecology through the lens of metatranscriptomics

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第3期6卷 1-15页

作者： Jingjing Peng Xi Zhou christopher Rensing Werner Liesack Yong-Guan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Environmental Microbiology College of Resource and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Marburg 35043Germany State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Metatranscriptomics is a cutting-edge technology for exploring the gene expression by,and functional activities of,the microbial community across diverse ecosystems at a given time,thereby shedding light on their metabolic responses to the prevailing environmental *** double-RNA approach involves the simultaneous analysis of rRNA and mRNA,also termed structural and functional *** contrast,mRNA-centered metatranscriptomics is fully focused on elucidating community-wide gene expression profiles,but requires either deep sequencing or effective rRNA *** this review,we critically assess the challenges associated with various experimental and bioinformatic strategies that can be applied in soil microbial ecology through the lens of functional *** particular,we demonstrate how recent methodological advancements in soil metatranscriptomics catalyze the development and expansion of emerging research fields,such as rhizobiomes,antibiotic resistomes,methanomes,and *** review provides a framework that will help to design advanced metatranscriptomic research in elucidating the functional roles and activities of microbiomes in soil ecosystems.

关键词： metatranscriptomics mRNA MAGs rhizobiont resistome virome

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A nano-sheet graphene-based enhanced thermal radiation composite for passive heat dissipation from vehicle batteries

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第4期6卷 443-455页

作者： Ji-Xiang Wang christopher Salmean Jiaxin Li Chaojie Lei Jun Li Mingliang Zhong Bo Qi Yufeng Mao Hebei Key Laboratory of Man-machine Environmental Thermal Control Technology and Equipment Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering College of Electrical Energy and Power EngineeringYangzhou University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Taizhou Wavexploration Energy Ltd. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Beijing Sino-Spark Technology Co. Ltd. School of Environmental Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

In response to thermal runaway(TR) of electric vehicles, recent attention has been focused on mitigation strategies such as efficient heat dredging in battery thermal management. Thermal management with particular focus on battery cooling has been becoming increasingly significant. TR usually happened when an electric vehicle is unpowered and charged. In this state, traditional active battery cooling schemes are disabled, which can easily lead to dangerous incidents due to loss of cooling ability, and advanced passive cooling strategies are therefore gaining importance. Herein, we developed an enhanced thermal radiation material, consisting of ～1 μm thick multilayered nano-sheet graphene film coated upon the heat dissipation surface, thereby enhancing thermal radiation in the nanoscale. The surface was characterized on the nanoscale, and tested in a battery-cooling *** found that the graphene-based coating's spectral emissivity is between 91 % and 95 % in the mid-infrared region, and thermal experiments consequently illustrated that graphene-based radiative cooling yielded up to15.1 % temperature reduction when compared to the uncoated analogue. Using the novel graphene surface to augment a heat pipe, the temperature reduction can be further enlarged to 25.6 %. The new material may contribute to transportation safety, global warming mitigation and carbon neutralization.

关键词： Battery thermal management Nano-sheet graphene Functional material Passive cooling Thermal radiation

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Regional trends and petrologic factors inhibit global interpretations of zircon trace element compositions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 300-307页

作者： Nick M.W.Roberts christopher J.Spencer Stephen Puetz C.Brenhin Keller Simon Tapster Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyNottingham NG125GGUK Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Atkinson Dr Suite 704HonoluluHI 96814USA Department of Earth Sciences Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HamphireUSA

The trace element composition of zircon reveals information about the melt that they are derived from,as such,detrital zircon trace element compositions can be used to interrogate melt compositions,and thus the evolution of the continental crust in time and ***,we present a global database of detrital zircon compositions and use it to test whether average global trends for five common petrogenetic proxies truly represent secular changes in continental *** demonstrate that the secular trend is broadly comparable across continental regions for Ti-in-zircon temperatures,but for other trace element ratios interrogated,secular trends are highly variable between continental *** trace element ratios result from multiple petrologic variables,we argue that these petrogenetic proxies can be overinterpreted if projected to global geologic *** particular,we caution against the interpretation of crustal thickness from trace elements in zircon,and we argue that our results negate current hypotheses concerning secular changes in crustal thickness.

关键词： Detrital zircon Trace elements Secular change Eu anomaly Crustal thickness

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Adaptive optimisation of explosive reactive armour for protection against kinetic energy and shaped charge threats

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第10期40卷 1-12页

作者： Philipp Moldtmann Julian Berk Shannon Ryan Andreas Klavzar Jerome Limido christopher Lange Santu Rana Svetha Venkatesh University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Holstenhofweg 85Hamburg 22043Germany Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute(A2I2) Deakin University75 Pigdons RdWaurn PondsVIC 3216Australia French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis(ISL) 5 Rue de General CassagnouSaint-Louis 68300France ABSTRAO 16 Rue de Isaac NewtonPlaisance-du-Touch 31830France

We evaluate an adaptive optimisation methodology,Bayesian optimisation(BO),for designing a minimum weight explosive reactive armour(ERA)for protection against a surrogate medium calibre kinetic energy(KE)long rod projectile and surrogate shaped charge(SC)*** perform the optimisation using a conventional BO methodology and compare it with a conventional trial-and-error approach from a human expert.A third approach,utilising a novel human-machine teaming framework for BO is also *** for the optimisation is generated using numerical simulations that are demonstrated to provide reasonable qualitative agreement with reference *** human-machine teaming methodology is shown to identify the optimum ERA design in the fewest number of evaluations,outperforming both the stand-alone human and stand-alone BO *** a design space of almost 1800 configurations the human-machine teaming approach identifies the minimum weight ERA design in 10 samples.

关键词： Terminal ballistics Armour Explosive reactive armour Optimisation Bayesian optimisation

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Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lynch christopher E.Stevens christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar PJames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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Near-infrared double-cable conjugated polymers based on alkyl linkers with tunable length for single-component organic solar cells

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 452-456页

作者： Yikun Wang Qiaomei Chen Shijie Liang Dongdong Xia Chaowei Zhao christopher R.McNeill Weiwei Li Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering&State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Institute of Applied Chemistry Jiangxi Academy of SciencesNanchang 330096China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria 3800Australia

The photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymers are significantly influenced by the length of the alkyl linkers that connect donor backbones and acceptor side units. In this study, a series of 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile(IC)-based double-cable polymers with alkyl linkers ranging from C_8H_(16)to C_(16)H_(32)(Px, x = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) were synthesized for single-component organic solar cells(SCOSCs). Among these, the linker length x = 12(P12) is found to optimize the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) in SCOSCs. Specifically, PCEs increase from P8 to P12 and then decline from P12to P16. Detailed investigations of optical absorption, charge transport, and morphology provide insights into the underlying factors contributing to these PCE variations. The findings indicate that the exceptional photovoltaic properties observed in P12 can be attributed to three key factors: A delicate balance between enhanced charge separation facilitated by the increased spacer length and reduced crystallinity resulting from longer spacers, higher charge mobilities, and well-balanced hole/electron transport characteristics. This study highlights the critical role of linker length in determining the photovoltaic properties of double-cable conjugated polymer-based SCOSCs and offers valuable guidance for the design of novel double-cable conjugated polymers.

关键词： Single-component organic solar cells Double-cable conjugated polymers Photovoltaic properties Alkyl linkers

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EventLFM:event camera integrated Fourier light field microscopy for ultrafast 3D imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1401-1415页

作者： Ruipeng Guo Qianwan Yang Andrew S.Chang Guorong Hu Joseph Greene christopher V.Gabel Sixian You Lei Tian Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA. Neurophotonics Center Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA. Research Laboratory of Electronics(RLE)in the Department of Electrical Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological *** scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product(SBP).Emerging single-shot 3D wide-field techniques offer a promising alternative but are bottlenecked by the synchronous readout constraints of conventional CMOS systems,thus restricting data throughput to maintain high SBP at limited frame *** address this,we introduce EventLFM,a straightforward and cost-effective system that overcomes these challenges by integrating an event camera with Fourier light field microscopy(LFM),a state-of-theart single-shot 3D wide-field imaging *** event camera operates on a novel asynchronous readout architecture,thereby bypassing the frame rate limitations inherent to conventional CMOS *** further develop a simple and robust event-driven LFM reconstruction algorithm that can reliably reconstruct 3D dynamics from the unique spatiotemporal measurements captured by *** results demonstrate that EventLFM can robustly reconstruct fast-moving and rapidly blinking 3D fluorescent samples at kHz frame ***,we highlight EventLFM’s capability for imaging of blinking neuronal signals in scattering mouse brain tissues and 3D tracking of GFP-labeled neurons in freely moving *** believe that the combined ultrafast speed and large 3D SBP offered by EventLFM may open up new possibilities across many biomedical applications.

关键词： field linking overcome

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Comparison of ERA5 turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface with measurements from a wave-following platform

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第3期 34-38页

作者： Sa?d Benjeddou Denis Bourras christopher Luneau Aix Marseille Université National Center for Scientific ResearchMediterranean Institute of Oceanography Observatory of the Sciences of the Universe Pythéas Institute National Center for Scientific Research

Turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface were estimated with data collected in 2011-2020 with a low-profile platform named OCARINA during eight experiments in five regions:2011,2015,and 2016 in the Iroise Sea;2012 in the tropical Atlantic;2014 in the Chilie-Peru upwelling;2017 and 2018 in the Mediterranean Sea,and 2018 and 2020 in *** observations were carried out with moderate winds(2-10 m s-1) and average wave heights of 1.5 *** this study,the authors used the fluxes calculated by the bulk method using OCARINA-sampled data as the *** data can validate the fluxes estimated from ERAS reanalysis *** OCARINA and ERA5 data were taken *** do this,the authors established an algorithm to extract the OCARINA data as closely as possible to the reanalysis data in time and *** measurements of the OCARINA platform can conclude on the relevance of the widely used reanalysis data.

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Photosynthetic response to a winter heatwave in leading and trailing edge populations of the intertidal red alga Corallina offi-cinalis(Rhodophyta)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第7期43卷 70-77页

作者： Regina Kolzenburg Federica Ragazzola Laura Tamburello Katy R.Nicastro christopher D.McQuaid Gerardo I.Zardi UmeåMarine Sciences Centre UmeåUniversity90571 NorrbynSweden University of Portsmouth Institute of Marine SciencePortsmouth PO49LYUK Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Genova Marine CenterGenova 16126Italy Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Sicily Marine CenterPalermo 90149Italy Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes UniversityMakhanda(Grahamstown)6139South Africa Centre of Marine Sciences University of AlgarveFaro 8005-139Portugal Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences Universitéde LilleLille 59000France Universitéde Caen Normandie Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes AquatiquesCaen 14032France

Marine heatwaves(MHWs)caused by anthropogenic climate change are becoming a key driver of change at the ecosystem *** conditions experienced by marine organisms across their distribution,particularly towards the equator,are likely to approach their physiological limits,resulting in extensive mortality and subsequent changes at the population *** at the margins of their species’distribution are thought to be more sensitive to climate-induced environmental pressures than central populations,but our understanding of variability in fitness-related physiological traits in trailing versus leading-edge populations is *** a laboratory simulation study,we tested whether two leading(Iceland)and two trailing(Spain)peripheral populations of the intertidal macroalga Corallina officinalis display different levels of maximum potential quantum efficiency(Fv/Fm)resilience to current and future winter MHWs *** study revealed that ongoing and future local winter MHWs will not negatively affect leading-edge populations of ***,which exhibited stable photosynthetic efficiency throughout the *** edge populations showed a positive though non-significant trend in photosynthetic efficiency throughout winter MHWs *** and equatorward populations did not produce significantly different results,with winter MHWs having no negative affect on Fv/Fm of either ***,we found no long-term regional or population-level influence of a winter MHWs on this species’photosynthetic ***,we found no statistically significant difference in thermal stress responses between leading and trailing ***,*** showed a trend towards higher stress responses in southern than northern *** responses rest on a variety of local population traits,they are difficult to predict based solely on thermal pressures.

关键词： marginal population coralline algae climate change ecophysiology photophysiology macroalgae Fv/Fm

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