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Vitamin B_(12)-auxotrophy in dinoflagellates caused by incomplete or absent cobalamin-independent methionine synthase genes(metE)

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Fundamental Research 2022年第5期2卷 727-737页

作者： Siheng Lin Zhangxi Hu Xiaoying Song christopher JGobler Ying Zhong tang CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversityNY11790USA Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Minnan Normal UniversityZhangzhou 363000China

Dinoflagellates are responsible for most marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and play vital roles in many ocean *** than 90% of dinoflagellates are vitamin B_(12) auxotrophs and that B_(12) availability can control dinoflagellate HABs,yet the genetic basis of B_(12) auxotrophy in dinoflagellates in the framework of the ecology of dinoflagellates and particularly HABs,which was the objective of this ***,we investigated the presence,phylogeny,and transcription of two methionine synthase genes(B_(12)-dependent metH and B_(12)-independent metE)via searching and assembling transcripts and genes from transcriptomic and genomic databases,cloning 38 cDNA isoforms of the two genes from 14 strains of dinoflagellates,measuring the expression at different scenarios of B_(12),and comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of more than 100 *** found that 1)metH was present in all 58 dinoflagellates accessible and metE was present in 40 of 58 species,2)all metE genes lacked N-terminal domains,3)metE of dinoflagellates were phylogenetically distinct from other known metE genes,and 4)expression of metH in dinoflagellates was responsive to exogenous B_(12) levels while expression of metE was not responding as that of genuine metE *** conclude that most,hypothetically all,dinoflagellates have either non-functional metE genes lacking N-terminal domain for most species,or do not possess metE for other species,which provides the genetic basis for the widespread nature of B_(12) auxotrophy in *** work elucidated a fundamental aspect of the nutritional ecology of dinoflagellates.

关键词： Harmful algal blooms(HABs)Dinoflagellates Vitamin B_(12) (cobalamin) Auxotrophy Methionine synthase genes Phytoplankton ecology

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Non-invasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation in the treatment of overactive bladder

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第2期2卷 92-101页

作者： Martin Slovak christopher R.Chapple Anthony t.Barker Department of Medical Physics&Clinical Engineering Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK Department of Urology Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK

We reviewed the literature on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(tENS)used as a therapy for overactive bladder(OAB)symptoms,with a particular focus on:stimulation site,stimuli parameters,neural structures thought to be targeted,and the clinical and urodynamic outcomes *** majority of studies used sacral or tibial nerve *** literature suggests that,whilst tENS therapy may have neuromodulation effects,patient are unlikely to benefit to a significant extent from a single application of tENS and indeed clear benefits from acute studies have not been *** long-term studies there were differences in the descriptions of stimulation intensity,strategy of the therapy,and positioning of the electrodes,as well as in the various symptoms and pathology of the ***,most studies were uncontrolled and hence did not evaluate the placebo *** is known about the underlying mechanism by which these therapies work and therefore exactly which structures need to be stimulated,and with what *** is promising evidence for the efficacy of a transcutaneous stimulation approach,but adequate standardisation of stimulation criteria and outcome measures will be necessary to define the best way to administer this therapy and document its efficacy.

关键词： Overactive bladder Posterior tibial nerve stimulation Sites of stimulation Sacral stimulation Sham stimulation methodology Surface electrodes transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

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Patterns of cancer recurrence in localized resected hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第3期14卷 269-275页

作者： Aryavarta MS Kumar Elisha t Fredman christopher Coppa Galal El-Gazzaz Federico N Aucejo May Abdel-Wahab Department of Radiation Oncology 9500 Euclid AveT28 Cleveland ClinicCleveland OH 44195 USA Department of Radiology 9500 Euclid Ave Hb6 Cleveland ClinicCleveland OH 44195 USA Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary & transplant Surgery 9500 Euclid Ave A100Cleveland OH 44195 USA

BACKGROUND： tumor resection in non-metastatic hepato- cellular carcinoma （HCC） patients with adequate liver reserve offers a potential cure, but has a high 5-year recurrence rate. We analyzed the patterns of cancer... 详细信息

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma patterns of failure partial hepatectomy

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Mechanotransduction mechanisms in central nervous system glia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 1031-1032页

作者： Brenan Cullimore Jackson Baumann christopher N.Rudzitis Andrew O.Jo Denisa Kirdajova David Krizaj Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Cellular Neurophysiology Institute of Experimental MedicineCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Department of Bioengineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Neurobiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

Mechanical forces shape the development,function,and survival of every cell within the central nervous system(CNS)but are particularly important for astroglia,a subtype of glial cell that mediates communication betwee... 详细信息

关键词： system mechanisms subtype

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改进的平均应力准则对钛合金断裂强度的评估(英文)

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2013年第4期23卷 1072-1079页

作者： H.BRIGHtON ISAAC JOHN t.christopher Sardar Raja College of Engineering AlangulamTirunelveli-627808India Government College of Engineering PerumalpuramTirunelveli-627007India

结构完整性方法通常用来论证工程零件载荷传递的合理性。损伤模型对含尖缺口的钛合金断裂强度的预测取决于材料的无缺口强度以及缺口损伤区前的临界长度。损伤区的临界长度通常取决于材料、试样以及尖缺口的尺寸。平均应力准则作为一种... 详细信息

结构完整性方法通常用来论证工程零件载荷传递的合理性。损伤模型对含尖缺口的钛合金断裂强度的预测取决于材料的无缺口强度以及缺口损伤区前的临界长度。损伤区的临界长度通常取决于材料、试样以及尖缺口的尺寸。平均应力准则作为一种应力断裂准则,常用来对含尖缺口的钛合金抗拉强度进行精确预测。基于不同厚度的中心裂缝钛合金的断裂数据,对平均应力准则进行改进。缺口(断裂)强度的预估值与测试结果接近,表明改进的平均应力准则可以简便地预测缺口的抗拉强度。

关键词：钛合金中心裂纹拉伸试样应力准则失效评估图断裂强度

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technology trends,challenges,and opportunities of reduced-rare-earth PM motor for modern electric vehicles

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Green Energy and Intelligent transportation 2022年第1期1卷 63-81页

作者： Shiyue Zheng Xiaoyong Zhu Zixuan Xiang Lei Xu Li Zhang christopher H.t.Lee School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina Nanyang technological University Singapore

Nowadays,with increasing concerns about environmental pollution and energy crisis electric vehicles are rapidly developing owing to their significant environmental-friendly *** meet the diverse driving requirements of electric vehicles,the PM motors with high-performance rare-earth PMs have been widely employed in electric vehicle powertrains,which shows the performance merits of high power density and high ***,rare-earth PMs,as non-renewable strategic resources,usually suffer from unstable supply and fluctuation prices,which increases the potential risks of further large-scale application of rare-earth PM *** this also poses a negative factor for the long-term sustainable development of electric vehicles or other applications that rely heavily on rareearth PM *** this background,a type of less-rare-earth PM motors,which aims to effectively alleviate the dependence of high-performance PM motors on rare-earth PMs,has recently drawn increasing attention from experts and *** implies that the investigation and development of less-rare-earth PM motors without compromising performances is becoming a new and hot research direction in the motor *** paper reviews the existing main alternatives for less-rare-earth PM *** on the dominated torque component,the less-rareearth PM motors are divided into two types,which are the less-rare-earth PM-dominated motor and less-rare-earth PM-assisted *** operation principle,design considerations and restrictions of each type of less-rare-earth PM motor is sequentially ***,combined with the potential electric vehicle application,the key problems of less-rare-earth PM motor are summarized and the corresponding technological means are prospected.

关键词： Electric vehicles Permanent magnet motors Rare-earth materials Permanent magnet

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Anion order in oxysulfide perovskites:origins and implications

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1062-1072页

作者： Ghanshyam Pilania Ayana Ghosh Steven t.Hartman Rohan Mishra christopher R.Stanek Blas P.Uberuaga Materials Science and technology Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA Materials Science&Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Institute of Materials Science&Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering&Materials Science Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA

Heteroanionic oxysulfide perovskite compounds represent an emerging class of new materials allowing for a wide range of tunability in the electronic structure that could lead to a diverse spectrum of novel and improved *** cation ordered double perovskites—where the origins and design rules of various experimentally observed cation orderings are well known and understood—anion ordering in heteroanionic perovskites remains a largely uncharted territory.

关键词： perovskite anionic ordered

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mtORC1 signaling:what we still don’t know

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第4期3卷 206-220页

作者： Xuemin Wang christopher G.Proud School of Biological Sciences Life Sciences BuildingUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

the mammalian target of rapamycin(mtOR)is a protein kinase that plays key roles in cellular *** forms complexes with additional *** best-understood one is mtOR complex 1(mtORC1).the regulation and cellular functions of mtORC1 have been the subjects of intense study;despite this,many questions remain to be *** include questions about the actual mechanisms by which mtORC1 signaling is stimulated by hormones and growth factors,which involves the small GtPase Rheb,and by amino acids,which involves other GtPase *** control of Rheb and the mechanism by which it activates mtORC1 remain incompletely *** it has been known for many years that rapamycin interferes with some functions of mtORC1,it is not known how it does this,or why only some functions of mtORC1 are ***1 regulates diverse cellular *** mtORC1 substrates are now known,although in several cases their physiological roles are poorly or incompletely *** the case of several processes,although it is clear that they are regulated by mtORC1,it is not known how mtORC1 does ***,mtORC1 is implicated in ageing,but again it is unclear what mechanisms account for *** the importance of mtORC1 signaling both for cellular functions and in human disease,it is a high priority to gain further insights into the control of mtORC1 signaling and the mechanisms by which it controls cellular functions and animal physiology.

关键词： mtORC1 protein synthesis cell signaling transcription cell growth autophagy metabolism

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Mathematical modeling of fuel cells fed with an electrically rechargeable liquid fuel

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Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 262-270页

作者： Xingyi Shi Xiaoyu Huo Oladapo christopher Esan Zhefei Pan Liu Yun Liang An t.S.Zhao Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARChina Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE) The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SARChina Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Lately,utilizing a novel electrically rechargeable liquid fuel(e-fuel),a fuel cell has been designed and fabricated,which is demonstrated to achieve a much better performance than alcoholic liquid fuel cells ***,its current performance,which thus hampers its wide application,demands further improvement to meet up with industrial ***,to attain a better performance for this system,an in-depth understanding of the complex physical and chemical processes within this fuel cell is *** this end,in this work,a two-dimensional transient model has been developed to gain an extensive knowledge of a passive e-fuel cell and analyze the major factors limiting its *** effects of various structural parameters and operating conditions are studied to identify the underlying performance-limiting factors,where deficient mass transport is found to be one of the major *** increment of anode porosity and thickness are found to be effective methods of improving the cell *** study therefore provides insights on achieving further per-formance advancement of the fuel cell in the future.

关键词： E-fuel Mathematical modeling Liquid fuel cells Structural parameters Operation conditions

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A review of direct numerical simulations of astrophysical detonations and their implications

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 189-198页

作者： Suzanne t. Parete-Koon christopher R. Smith thomas L. Papatheodore O. E. Bronson Messer National Center for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge USA TN 37831-6354 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of tennessee KnoxvilleUSA TN 37996-1200

Multi-dimensional direct numerical simulations （DNS） of astrophysical detonations in degenerate matter have revealed that the nuclear burning is typically characterized by cellular structure caused by transverse instabilities in the detonation front. type Ia supernova modelers often use one- dimensional DNS of detonations as inputs or constraints for their whole star simulations. While these one-dimensional studies are useful tools, the true nature of the detonation is multi-dimensional. the multi-dimensional structure of the burning influences the speed, stability, and the composition of the detonation and its burning products, and therefore, could have an impact on the spectra of type Ia supernovae. Considerable effort has been expended modeling type Ia supernovae at densities above 1 ~ 107 ***-3 where the complexities of turbulent burning dominate the flame propagation. How- ever, most full star models turn the nuclear burning schemes off when the density falls below 1 ~ 107 ***-3 and distributed burning begins. the deflagration to detonation transition （DDt） is believed to occur at just these densities and consequently they are the densities important for studying the properties of the subsequent detonation. this work will review the status of DNS studies of detona- tions and their possible implications for type Ia supernova models. It will cover the development of Detonation theory from the first simple Chapman-Jouguet （C J） detonation models to the current models based on the time-dependent, compressible, reactive flow Euler equations of fluid dynamics.

关键词： supernova detonations direct numerical simulations

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