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Apples to or.nges:envir.nmentally der.ved,dynamic r.gulation of ser.tonin neur.n subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： christopher J.O’Connell Matthew J.r.bson Depar.ment of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA James L.Winkle College of Phar.acy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neur.science Gr.duate Pr.gr.m College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Tr.umatic br.in injur.(TBI)is a public health pr.blem with an undue economic bur.en that impacts near.y ever. age,ethnic,and gender.gr.up acr.ss the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs ar. often sustained dur.ng a dynamic r.nge of exposur.s to ener.etic envir.nmental for.es and as such outcomes ar. typically heter.geneous r.gar.ing sever.ty and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained or.nge dynamic

The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in fish swimming

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Cur.ent Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 475-488页

作者： christopher E. OUFIEr. Katr.na r. WHITLOW Depar.ment of Biological Sciences Towson University Towson MD 21252 USA

Fish have a r.mar.able amount of var.ation in their.swimming per.or.ance, fr.m within species dif- fer.nces to diver.ity among major.taxonomic gr.ups. Fish swimming is a complex, integr.tive phenotype and has the ability to plastically r.spond to a myr.ad of envir.nmental changes. The plasticity of fish swimming has been obser.ed on whole-or.anismal tr.its such as bur.t speed or.cr.tical swimming speed, as well as under.ying phenotypes such as muscle fiber.types, kinematics, car.iovascular.system, and neur.nal pr.cesses. Whether.the plastic r.sponses of fish swimming ar. beneficial seems to depend on the envir.nmental var.able that is changing. For.example, because of the effects of temper.tur. on biochemical pr.cesses, alter.tions of fish swimming in r.sponse to tem- per.tur. do not seem to be beneficial. In contr.st, changes in fish swimming in r.sponse to var.ation in flow may benefit the fish to maintain position in the water.column. In this paper. we examine how this plasticity in fish swimming might evolve, focusing on envir.nmental var.ables that have r.ceived the most attention： temper.tur., habitat, dissolved oxygen, and car.on dioxide var.ation. Using examples fr.m pr.vious r.sear.h, we highlight many of the ways fish swimming can plastic- ally r.spond to envir.nmental var.ation and discuss potential avenues of futur. r.sear.h aimed at under.tanding how plasticity of fish swimming might evolve. We consider.the dir.ct and indir.ct ef- fects of envir.nmental var.ation on swimming per.or.ance, including changes in swimming kine- matics and subor.anismal tr.its thought to pr.dict swimming per.or.ance. We also discuss the r.le of the evolution of plasticity in shaping macr.evolutionar. patter.s of diver.ity in fish swimming.

关键词： envir.nmental var.ation evolution fish phenotypic plasticity swimming kinematics swimming per.or.ance.

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Wor.d Jour.al of Otor.inolar.ngology-Head and Neck Sur.er. 2023年第3期9卷 262-269页

作者： r.zavi, christopher r. Wang, Tom Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Div Facil Plast & Reconstruct Surg New York NY 10029 USA Or.gon Hlth & Sci Univ Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Div Facil Plast & Reconstruct Surg Portland OR 97201 USA

*** Thank you for.your.inter.st in Wor.d Jour.al of Otor.inolar.ngology-Head&Neck Sur.er.(WJOHNS).Note that submission implies that the content has not been published or.submitted for.publication elsewher. except as a... 详细信息

关键词： implies content Sur.er.

Design and in vivo char.cter.zation of kidney-tar.eting multimodal micelles for.r.nal dr.g deliver.

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Nano r.sear.h 2018年第10期11卷 5584-5595页

作者： Jonathan Wang christopher Poon Debor.h Chin Sar.h Milkowski Vivian Lu Kenneth r. Hallows Eun Ji Chung Depar.ment of Biomedical Engineer.ng University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Division of Nephr.logy and Hyper.ension Department of Medicine Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90033 USA USC/UKr. Kidney r.sear.h Center Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90033 USA Nor.is Compr.hensive Cancer.Center University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90033 USA Depar.ment of Stem Cell Biology and r.gener.tive Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90033 USA Mor. Family Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng and Mater.als Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

One in thr.e Amer.cans is at r.sk for.developing chr.nic kidney disease （CKD） and end-stage r.nal disease （ESr.）, leading to the need for.dialysis or.a kidney tr.nsplant. Small-molecule dr.gs have been pr.posed as ther.pies to manage kidney diseases, but high dosages ar. often r.quir.d to achieve ther.peutic efficacy, gener.ting off-tar.et side effects, some of which ar. lethal. To addr.ss these limitations, we developed a novel kidney-tar.eting multimodal micelle （KM） system for.dr.g deliver. applications. SpecificaU~ we incor.or.ted the kidney-tar.eting peptide （Lysine-Lysine-Glutamic acid-Glutamic acid-Glutamic acid）3-Lysine）（（KKEEE）3K） into micelles. This peptide binds to megalin, a multi-ligand cell sur.ace r.ceptor.pr.sent on r.nal tubule cells. When incubated with human kidney pr.ximal tubule cells, KMs wer. found to be biocompatible in vitr.. In vivo, KMs showed higher.accumulation in the kidneys as compar.d to a non-tar.eted （NT） contr.l upon intr.venous injection in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Histological evaluation showed no signs of tissue damage, while blood ur.a nitr.gen （BUN） and cr.atinine levels wer. within nor.al r.nges, validating the pr.ser.ation of kidney health upon micelle administr.tion. To our.knowledge, this is the fir.t utilization of （KKEEE）BK in a nanopar.icle for.ulation, and our.study offer. str.ng evidence that this novel nanopar.icle platfor. can be used as a candidate dr.g deliver. car.ier.to dir.ct ther.peutics to diseased tissue in CKD.

关键词： micelle kidney disease r.nal tar.eting biodistr.bution nanopar.icle

Locally tr.nsplanted enter.c glia impr.ve functional and str.ctur.l r.cover. in a r.t model of spinal cor. injur.

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2009年第9期4卷 710-716页

作者： Shucui Jiang Mohammad I. Khan James r. Bain Cai Jiang christopher r. Hansebout Zesheng Yu Yuqing Liu Michel P, r.thbone Depar.ments of Neur.sur.er. and Neur.biology. McMaster.Univer.ity Health Sciences Centr. 4N71B 1200 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5 Canada Depar.ments of Neur.logy Neurochemistry and Neuroscience McMaster University · Health Sciences Centre ·4N71B 1200 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5 Canada Depar.ment of Plastic Sur.er. McMaster University · Health Sciences Centre ·4N71B 1200 Main Street West Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5 Canada

BACKGr.UND： We have pr.viously r.por.ed that adult enter.c glia （EG） facilitate the gr.wth of tr.nsected dor.al r.ot axons into the uninjur.d spinal cor. to for. functional connections with their.tar.ets. OBJECTIVE： The pr.sent study investigated the effects of EG on spinal cor. function, tissue injur., and axonal r.gener.tion following tr.nsplantation into injur.d r.t spinal cor.s, accor.ing to histological and functional outcomes. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A r.ndomized contr.lled animal exper.ment was per.or.ed at McMaster.Univer.ity, Canada fr.m Januar. 2006 to Mar.h 2008. MATEr.ALS： EG wer. isolated fr.m r.t intestine, METHODS： One week following spinal cor. cr.sh, female Wistar.r.ts wer. injected with an EG suspension （2 μL, 1 × 10^5/μL, n = 10） or.with the same volume of fr.sh cultur. medium alone （contr.l animals, n = 11）. The thir. gr.up did not r.ceive any injection following laminectomy and ser.ed as the sham-oper.ted contr.ls （n = 5）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUr.S： Behavior.was tested pr.or.to tr.nsplantation and weekly following tr.nsplantation, with nine behavior.l examinations in total. Open field, hind limb placement r.sponse foot or.entation r.sponse, and inclined plane test wer. utilized. Immediately following the final behavior.l examination, spinal cor. T9 to L1 segments wer. har.ested for.immunohistochemical and hematoxylin-eosin staining to deter.ine astr.glial scar.ing, axonal r.gener.tion and spinal cor. lesion size. r.SULTS： r.ts with EG tr.nsplantation exhibited significantly better.locomotor.function with r.duced tissue damage, compar.d with the contr.l r.ts. Cystic cavities wer. pr.sent 2 months after.injur. in spinal cor.s fr.m both contr.l gr.ups. In contr.st, r.ts injected with EG did not pr.sent with cystic lesions. In addition, the injur. site consisted of cellular.mater.al and ner.e fiber., and axonal r.gener.tion was appar.nt, with dense labeling of neur.filament-positive axons within the injur. site. Mor.over. r.gener.ting axons wer. intim

关键词： enter.c glia cell tr.nsplantation locomotor.function histology spinal cor. injur. axonal r.gener.tion

Demonising the dingo： How much wild dogma is enough？

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Cur.ent Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 668-670页

作者： Mike LETNIC Mathew S. Cr.WTHEr.christopher r. DICKMAN Euan G. r.TCHIE Hawkesbur. Institute for.the Envir.nment University of Western Sydney Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia Institute of Wildlife r.sear.h School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia School of Life and Envir.nmental Sciences Deakin University Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia

The r.les that top pr.dator. play in r.gulating the str.ctur. and function of ecosystems have long been contr.ver.ial. This is par.icular.y the case when pr.dator. pose adver.e r.sks for.human life and/or.economic inter.sts. The cr.tique of liter.tur. on dingoes and their.ecological r.les in Austr.lia pr.vided by Allen et al. （2011） shows that top pr.dator. r.main a potentially polar.sing issue. In opposition to Allen et al. we ar.ue that these widespr.ad patter.s of species＇ abundances, attr.buted to the ef- fects of dingoes and evident at scales r.nging fr.m the for.ging behaviour.of individuals thr.ugh to continental scale patter.s of species abundances, constitute str.ng suppor. for.the mesopr.dator.r.lease hypothesis and pr.vide evidence that dingoes benefit biodiver.ity conser.ation by inducing community wide tr.phic cascades. Har.essing the positive ecological effects of dingoes while at the same time minimising their.impacts on agr.cultur. is a major.socio-political challenge in Austr.lia [Cur.ent Zoology 57 （5）： 668-670].

关键词： Tr.phic cascade Mesopr.dator.r.lease hypothesis Dingo fox Intr.-guild pr.dation

Enter.c glia mediate neur.nal outgr.wth thr.ugh r.lease of neur.tr.phic factor.

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2012年第28期7卷 2165-2175页

作者： christopher r. Hansebout Kir.n r.ddy Donald Zhang Michel P. r.thbone Depar.ment of Sur.er. (Neur.sur.er. Neuroscience and Neurobiology) McMaster University Health Sciences Centre HamiltonON L8S 4K1 Canada Hamilton Neur.r.stor.tive Gr.up (Nr.) McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada Cleveland Clinic Spine Institute Cleveland OH 44195 USA Depar.ment of Medicine (Neur.logy Neurobiochemistry) McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada

Pr.vious studies have shown that tr.nsplanted enter.c glia enhance axonal r.gener.tion, r.duce tissue damage, and pr.mote functional r.cover. following spinal cor. injur.. However. the mechanisms by which enter.c glia mediate these beneficial effects ar. unknown. Neur.tr.phic factor. can pr.mote neur.nal differ.ntiation, sur.ival and neur.te extension. We hypothesized that enter.c glia may exer. their.pr.tective effects against spinal cor. injur. par.ially thr.ugh the secr.tion of neur.tr.phic factor.. In the pr.sent study, we demonstr.ted that pr.mar. enter.c glia cells r.lease ner.e gr.wth factor. br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.and glial cell line-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.over.time with their.concentr.tions r.aching appr.ximately 250, 100 and 50 pg/mL of cultur. medium r.spectively after.48 hour.. The biological r.levance of this secr.tion was assessed by incubating dissociated dor.al r.ot ganglion neur.nal cultur.s in enter.c glia-conditioned medium with and/or.without neutr.lizing antibodies to each of these pr.teins and evaluating the differ.nces in neur.te gr.wth. We discover.d that conditioned medium enhances neur.te outgr.wth in dor.al r.ot ganglion neur.ns. Even though ther. was no detectable amount of neur.tr.phin-3 secr.tion using ELISA analysis, the neur.te outgr.wth effect can be attenuated by the antibody-mediated neutr.lization of each of the afor.mentioned neur.tr.phic factor.. Ther.for., enter.c glia secr.te ner.e gr.wth factor. br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor. glial cell line-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.and neur.tr.phin-3 into their.sur.ounding envir.nment in concentr.tions that can cause a biological effect.

关键词： spinal cor. injur. dor.al r.ot ganglia enter.c glia neur.tr.phic factor neur.te outgr.wth r.gener.tion cell cultur. immunohistochemistr. centr.l ner.ous system neur.r.gener.tion

Hear. failur. in ver. elder.y population-a pr.file of hear. failur. in patients over.the age of eighty

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Jour.al of Ger.atr.c Car.iology 2007年第1期4卷 20-24页

作者： christopher V. Chien Dani Hackner.Er.st r. Schwar. Division of Car.iology and Compr.hensive Tr.nsplant Center Department of Medicine Cedars Sinai Medical Center & University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles California USA

Objective Hear. failur. is an epidemic in the elder.y, but ther. is a str.king lack of data in this clinically impor.ant patient population. We investigated the demogr.phics, car.iac per.or.ance, and medication management of a segment of the hospital popula- tion in at least their.eighth decade of life. Methods We r.tr.spectively r.viewed 75 r.cor.s of hear. failur. patients who wer. 80 year. of age or.older. r.cor.s wer. r.viewed for.demogr.phic infor.ation, pr.sence or.absence of diastolic dysfunction, evaluation of ejection fr.ction, and medication usage including angiotensin-concer.ing enzyme (ACE) inhibitor., angiotensin r.ceptor.antagonists (Ar.s), beta-adr.ner.ic blocker., digoxin, and aldoster.ne antagonists. Assessment for.contr.-indications to ACE inhibitor.or.Ar.s use was also per.or.ed to assess co-mor.idities that limit tr.atment of hear. failur.. r.sults The population of ver. elder.y with hear. failur. is heter.geneous. We found a higher.pr.por.ion of females as well as higher.r.tes of diastolic dysfunction in patients aged ≥ 90 year. compar.d to patients between the ages of 80-89 year.. Usage of ACE inhibitor., Ar.s and beta-adr.ner.ic blocker. was str.kingly low thr.ughout the ver. elder.y population. While co-mor.id conditions limited use of agents in many cases, ther. was a lack of explicit contr.-indication in most patients not on an ACE inhibitor.or.an Ar.. Conclusions Hear. failur. is not a single disease pr.cesses, but a continuum of disease pr.cesses that var. with age. The elder.y with hear. failur. ar. an under.r.ated population, in par. due to the multitude of co-mor.idities that affect them. Fur.her.pr.spective studies ar. needed to better.under.tand the physiology and ideal tr.atment r.giment in this gr.wing population.

关键词： hear. failur. elder.y octogenar.ans nonagenar.ans centenar.ans

Uter.ne r.ceptivity and the plasma membr.ne tr.nsfor.ation

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Cell r.sear.h 2004年第4期14卷 259-267页

作者： christopher r.MUr.HY Depar.ment of Anatomy and Histology The Univer.ity of Sydney NSW 2006. Austr.lia

This r.view begins with a br.ef commentar. on the diver.ity of placentation mechanisms, and then goes on to examine the extensive alter.tions which occur.in the plasma membr.ne of uter.ne epithelial cells dur.ng ear.y pr.gnancy acr.ss species. Ultr.str.ctur.l, biochemical and mor. gener.l mor.hological data r.veal that str.kingly common phenomena occur.in this plasma membr.ne dur.ng ear.y pr.gnancy despite the diver.ity of placental types-fr.m epitheliochor.al to hemochor.al, which ultimately for. in differ.nt species. To encapsulate the concept that common mor.hological and molecular.alter.tions occur.acr.ss species, that they ar. found basolater.lly as well as apically, and that mor.over.they ar. an ongoing pr.cess dur.ng much of ear.y pr.gnancy, not just an event at the time attachment, the ter. ’plasma membr.ne tr.nsfor.ation’ is suggested which also emphasises that alter.tions in this plasma membr.ne dur.ng ear.y pr.gnancy ar. key to uter.ne r.ceptivity.

关键词： uter.ne epeithelial cells membr.ne tr.nfor.ation.