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Operative complications and economic outcomes of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第48期25卷 6916-6927页

作者： christopher p rice Krishnamurthy B Vaishnavi Celia Chao Daniel Jupiter August B Schaeffer Whitney R Jenson Lance W Griffin William J Mileski School of Medicine University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Department of Surgery University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Department of Biostatistics University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States

BACKGROUND Recent management of acute cholecystitis favors same admission(SA)or emergent cholecystectomy based on overall shorter hospital stay and therefore cost *** adopted the practice of SA cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute cholecystitis at our tertiary care center and wanted to evaluate the economic benefit of this *** hypothesized that the existence of complications,particularly among patients with a higher degree of disease severity,during SA cholecystectomy could negate the cost *** To compare complication rates and hospital costs between SA vs delayed cholecystectomy among patients admitted emergently for acute *** Under an IRB-approved protocol,complications and charges for were obtained for SA,later after conservative management(Delayed),or elective cholecystectomies over an 8.5-year *** were identified using the acute care surgery registry and billing *** was retrieved via EMR,operative logs,and Revenue Cycle *** severity of acute cholecystitis was graded according to the Tokyo ***18 categorizes acute cholecystitis by Grades 1,2,and 3 representing mild,moderate,and severe,*** were analyzed withχ2,Fisher’s exact test,ANOVA,ttests,and logistic regression;significance was set at ppatients(12.3%)received Delayed *** rates were increased after SA compared to Delayed cholecystectomy(18.5%vs 4.4%,p=0.004).The complication rates of patients undergoing delayed cholecystectomy was similar to the rate for elective cholecystectomy(7.4%,p=0.35).Mortality rates were 0.6%vs 0%for SA vs *** with moderate disease(Tokyo 2)suffered more complications among SA while none who were delayed experienced a complication(16.1%vs 0.0%,ppital charges for SA cholecystectomy were increased compared to a Delayed approach($44500±$59000 vs$35300±$16700,p=

关键词： Acute cholecystitis Tokyo guidelines Cholecystectomy Complications Delayed cholecystectomy

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Biological and cultural diversity in the context of botanic garden conservation strategies

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plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 396-401页

作者： christopher p.Dunn Cornell Botanic Gardens 124 Comstock Knoll Drive Cornell University

Impacts of global climate change, habitat loss, and other environmental changes on the world's biota and peoples continue to increase, especially on islands and in high elevation areas. Just as floristic diversity is affected by environmental change, so too are cultural and linguistic diversity. Of the approximately 7000 extant languages in the world, fully 50% are considered to be at risk of extinction, which is considerably higher than most estimates of extinction risks to plants and animals. To maintain the integrity of plant life, it is not enough for botanic gardens to consider solely the effects of environmental change on plants within the context of major conservation strategies such as the Global Strategy for plant Conservation and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Rather, botanic gardens should actively engage in understanding and communicating the broader impacts of environmental change to biological and cultural diversity.

关键词： Biocultural diversity Botanic gardens Linguistic diversity plant diversity

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The application of Fourier transform mid-infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy to identify variation in cell wall composition of Setaria italica ecotypes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第6期16卷 1256-1267页

作者： christopher Brown Antony p.Martin christopher p.L.Grof Centre for plant Science School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Newcastle 2308 Australia Light Sheet Microscopy Unit Hunter Medical Research Institute Newcastle 2305 Australia

Cell wall composition in monocotyledonous grasses has been identified as a key area of research for developing better feedstocks for forage and biofuel *** viridis and its close domesticated relative Setaria italica have been chosen as suitable monocotyledonous models for plants possessing the C4 pathway of photosynthesis including sorghum,maize,sugarcane,switchgrass and Miscanthus×*** partial least squares regression（pLSR）models to predict *** stem composition have been generated,based upon Fourier transform mid-infrared（FTIR）spectra and calibrated with wet chemistry determinations of ground *** stem material measured using a modified version of the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory（NREL）acid hydrolysis *** models facilitated a high-throughput screening analysis for glucan,xylan,Klason lignin and acid soluble lignin（ASL）in a collection of 183 natural *** variants and clustered them into classes,some possessing unique *** predictive models provide a highly efficient screening tool for large scale breeding programs aimed at identifying lines or mutants possessing unique cell wall *** encoding key catalytic enzymes of the lignin biosynthesis pathway exhibit a high level of conservation with matching expression profiles,measured by RT-q pCR,among accessions of ***,which closely mirror profiles observed in the different developmental regions of an elongating internode of *** by RNASeq.

关键词： monocotyledonous C4 grasses lignin biosynthesis Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy Setaria italica

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Misdiagnosis of Earth climate sensitivity based on energy balance model results

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Science Bulletin 2015年第15期60卷 1370-1377页

作者： Mark Richardson Zeke Hausfather Dana A.Nuccitelli Ken rice John p.Abraham Department of Meteorology University of Reading Climate physics Section Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Energy and Resources Group University of CaliforniaBerkeley Skeptical Science Brisbane Institute for Astronomy Royal Observatory University of Edinburgh School of Engineering University of St. Thomas St. Paul

Monckton of Brenchley et al.(Sci Bull60:122–135, 2015)(hereafter called M15) use a simple energy balance model to estimate climate response. They select parameters for this model based on semantic arguments, leading to different results from those obtained in physics-based studies. M15 did not validate their model against observations, but instead created synthetic test data based on subjective assumptions. We show that M15 systematically underestimate warming: since 1990, most years were warmer than their modelled upper limit. During 2000–2010, RMS error and bias are approximately 150 % and 350 % larger than for the CMIp5 median, using either the Berkeley Earth or Cowtan and Way surface temperature data. We show that this poor performance can be explained by a logical flaw in theparameter selection and that selected parameters contradict observational estimates. M15 also conclude that climate has a near-instantaneous response to forcing, implying no net energy imbalance for the Earth. This contributes to their low estimates of future warming and is falsified by Argo float measurements that show continued ocean heating and therefore a sustained energy imbalance. M15's estimates of climate response and future global warming are not consistent with measurements and so cannot be considered credible.

关键词： Climate sensitivity Global warming Climate change Climate model Climate feedback

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Assessment of physically-based and data-driven models to predict microbial water quality in open channels

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 851-857页

作者： Minyoung Kim Charles p.Gerba christopher Y.Choi Agricultural Safety Engineering Division Department of Agricultural EngineeringNational Academy of Agricultural ScienceRural Development Administration(Korea) Department of Soil Waterand Environmental Sciencethe University of Arizona Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering the University of Arizona

In the present study, a physically-based hydraulic modeling tool and a data-driven approach using artificial neural networks （ANNs） were evaluated for their ability to simulate the fate and transport of microorganisms in a water system. To produce reliable data, a pipe network was constructed and a series of experiments using a fecal coliform indicator （Escherichia coli 15597） was conducted. For the physically-based model, morphological （pipe size, link length, slope, etc.） and hydraulic （flow rate） conditions were used as input variables, and for ANNs, water quality parameters （conductivity, pH, and turbidity） were used. Both approaches accurately described the fate and transport of microorganisms （physically-based model： correlation coefficient （R） in the range of 0.914 - 0.977 and ANNs： R in the range of 0.949 - 0.980）, with the exception of one case at a low flow rate （q = 31.56 cm^3/sec）. This study also indicated that these approaches could be complementarily utilized to assess the vulnerability of water facilities and to establish emergency plans based on hypothetical scenarios.

关键词： transport open channel artificial neural networks Escherichia coli

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permeation fill-tube design for inertial confinementfusion target capsules

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High power Laser Science and Engineering 2017年第1期5卷 34-40页

作者： B.S.rice J.Ulreich C.Fella J.Crippen p.Fitzsimmons A.Nikroo Rochester Institute of Technology 78 Lomb Memorial DriveRochesterNY 14623-5604USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester250 East River RoadRochesterNY 14623-1299USA General Atomics San DiegoCA 92186USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA

A unique approach for permeation filling of nonpermeable inertial confinement fusion target capsules with deuterium–tritium(DT) is presented. This process uses a permeable capsule coupled into the final target capsule with a 0.03-mmdiameter fill tube. Leak free permeation filling of glow-discharge polymerization(GDp) targets using this method have been successfully demonstrated, as well as ice layering of the target, yielding an inner ice surface roughness of 1-μm rms(root mean square). Finally, the measured DT ice-thickness profile for this experiment was used to validate a thermal model's prediction of the same thickness profile.

关键词： fill-tube inertial confinement fusion permeation fill target capsule

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Biochar applications influence soil physical and chemical properties,microbial diversity,and crop productivity:a meta-analysis

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1055-1071页

作者： Hardeep Singh Brian K.Northup Charles W.rice p.V.Vara prasad Department of Agronomy Kansas State University2002 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center1712 Claflin RoadManhattanKS 66506USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Grazinglands Research LaboratoryEl-RenoOK 73036USA

Biochar is a widely known soil *** we synthesize the available information on influence of biochar application on different soil properties and crop productivity using *** data on influence of biochar applications on different soil physical,chemical,microbial properties,and crop productivity were extracted from literature and statistically *** on selection criteria,59 studies from the literature published between 2012 and 2021 were selected for the *** were developed between effect size of biochar application on different soil properties and crop *** of biochar increased soil pH,cation exchange capacity,and organic carbon by 46%,20%,and 27%,respectively,with greater effects in coarse and fine-textured *** on chemical properties were variable among biochar prepared from different *** physical properties,biochar application reduced bulk densities by 29%and increased porosity by 59%.Biochar prepared at higher pyrolytic temperatures(>500℃)improved bulk density and porosity to greater extents(31%and 66%,respectively).Biochar prepared at lower pyrolytic temperatures(populations in medium and coarse textured soils,while fungal diversity increased in fine textured *** applications increased crop productivity only in fine and coarse textured *** effect size of biochar application on crop productivity was correlated with responses to physical properties of *** meta-analysis highlighted the need to conduct long-term field experiments to provide better explanations for changes in biochar properties as it undergoes aging,its longer-term effects on soil properties,and timing of re-application of different biochars.

关键词： Biochar Crop productivity Microbial diversity Soil physical properties Soil chemical properties

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Aggressive restenosis after percutaneous intervention in two coronary loci in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第2期5卷 40-45页

作者： Mohammad Alkhalil christopher p Conlon Houman Ashrafian Robin p Choudhury Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital Department of Infectious Diseases Churchill Hospital Department of Cardiology John Radcliffe Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (AVIC) Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of OxfordJohn Radcliffe Hospital

A 54-year-old black African woman, 22 years human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive, presented with an acute coronary syndrome. She was taking two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and two protease inhibitors. Viral load and CD4 count were stable. Angiography revealed a right coronary artery lesion, which was treated with everolimus eluting stent. She also underwent balloon angioplasty to the first diagonal. She re-presented on three different occasions and technically successful coronary intervention was performed. The patient has reported satisfactory compliance with dual anti platelet therapy throughout. She was successfully treated with surgical revascularisation. The patient did not experience any clinical recurrence on follow up. This case demonstrates exceptionally aggressive multifocal and recurrent instent restenosis in a patient treated for HIV infection, raising the possibility of an association with HIV infection or potentially components of retro viral therapy.

关键词： Coronary artery disease Restenosis Human immunodeficiency virus

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Nature’s marvels endowed in gaseous molecules Ⅰ:Carbon monoxide and its physiological and therapeutic roles

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Acta pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第6期11卷 1434-1445页

作者： Xiaoxiao Yang Wen Lu christopher p.Hopper Bowen Ke Binghe Wang Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30303USA Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin Universit?tsklinikum WürzburgBavaria 97080Germany Department of Anesthesiology West China HospitalChengdu 610041China

Nature has endowed gaseous molecules such as O_(2),CO_(2),CO,NO,H2 S,and N2 with critical and diverse roles in sustaining life,from supplying energy needed to power life and building blocks for life ’s physical structure to mediating and coordinating cellular *** this article,we give a brief introduction of the complex functions of the various gaseous molecules in life and then focus on carbon monoxide as a specific example of an endogenously produced signaling molecule to highlight the importance of this class of *** past twenty years have seen much progress in understanding CO’s mechanism(s) of action and pharmacological effects as well as in developing delivery methods for easy *** remarkable trait of CO is its pleiotropic effects that have few parallels,except perhaps its sister gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen *** review will delve into the sophistication of CO-mediated signaling as well as its validated pharmacological functions and possible therapeutic applications.

关键词： Carbon monoxide Gasotransmitter Gaseous signaling molecule CO releasing molecule Organic CO prodrug Homeostasis pleiotropic effect Yin and Yang

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Cross-polarized GpR Imaging of Fracture Flow Channeling

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第6期26卷 776-784页

作者： Georgios p.Tsoflias christopher perll Matthew Baker Matthew W.Becker Department of Geology the University of Kansas Chesapeake Energy Marathon Oil Corporation California State University Long Beach

Ground penetrating radar（GpR） can be used to image fractures and monitor fluid flow in the subsurface. Conventional GpR imaging uses single-polarization, co-polarized acquisition. We examine the use of cross-polarized GpR signals for imaging flow channeling in a discrete horizontal fracture. Numerical modeling（FDTD） demonstrates that when the fracture channel is oriented at an oblique angle to the survey line, depolarization of the GpR signal results in scattered energy along the cross-polarized components. When the channel is oriented parallel or orthogonal to the survey line, all scattered energy is captured by the co-polarized components and no signal is present in the cross-polarized orientation. Multipolarization, time-lapse 3D GpR field data were acquired at the Altona Flat Rock test site in New York State. The GpR surveys were conducted during background fresh fracture water conditions and during a natural gradient saline tracer test which was used to highlight flow channels along a sub-horizontal fracture. Amplitude analysis of the cross-polarized data reveals flow channeling that is in agreement with the co-polarized GpR images and with independent hydraulic tests. This investigation demonstrates that cross-polarized components of GpR signals can be used to enhance imaging of flow channels in fractured media.

关键词： GpR single-polarization cross-polarized data rapid flow saline tracer fractured rock.

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