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Temperature variations inside Chinese solar greenhouses with external climatic conditions and enclosure materials

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2008年第2期1卷 21-26页

作者： Tong Guohong David m christopher Li Tianlai Wang Tieliang College of Water Conservancy Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110161China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of ministry of Education Department of Thermal EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110161China

Chinese solar greenhouses enable the extension of the crop growing season in the cold climate in Northern China with little or no additional *** temporal variations of the air temperatures inside solar greenhouses located at three cities in North,Northeast and Northwest China were predicted by CFD simulations of the greenhouse systems using typical meteorological *** predicted temperatures based on the meteorological data in Shenyang are quite similar to the measured *** results also show that the external air temperatures and solar radiation fluxes play more important roles for the inside temperatures as indicated by the highest inner temperature in the morning on Feb.18 and from 10:00 to 14:00 on Feb.19 in Beijing and by the predicted temperatures inside the greenhouse being higher in Lanzhou than those in Shenyang and Beijing during most of the *** average daily temperature inside the greenhouse in Lanzhou was nearly 3.5℃higher than that in *** air temperatures for various wall designs show that for single walls,the daily average interior temperatures in the aerated concrete wall greenhouse were higher than those in the brick wall and reinforced concrete wall ***,the air temperature fluctuations were lower in the reinforced concrete wall greenhouse due to greater thermal storage *** results also show that the temperatures in the layered wall greenhouses are quite similar,which coincides with the experimental results。

关键词： solar greenhouse climatic condition wall simulation temperature

Nonmuscle myosin Ⅱ regulates migration but not contraction in rat hepatic stellate cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2011年第7期3卷 184-197页

作者： Cathy C moore Ashley m Lakner christopher m Yengo Laura W Schrum Department of Biology University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223United States Liver Digestive and Metabolic Disorders LaboratoryCarolinas Medical Center

AIm: To identify and characterize the function of non-mu-scle myosin Ⅱ (Nmm Ⅱ) isoforms in primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).mETHODS: Primary HSCs were isolated from male Spra-gue-Dawley rats by pronase/collagenase digestion. Total RNA and protein were harvested from quiescent and culture-activated HSCs. Nmm Ⅱ isoform (Ⅱ-A, Ⅱ-B and Ⅱ-C) gene and protein expression were measured by RealTime polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses respectively. Nmm Ⅱ protein localization was visualized in vitro using immunocytochemical analysis. For in vivo assessment, liver tissue was harvested from bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats and Nmm Ⅱisoform expression determined by immunohistochemistry. Using a selective myosin Ⅱ inhibitor and siRNA-mediated knockdown of each isoform, Nmm Ⅱ functionality inprimary rat HSCs was determined by contraction and migration ***: Nmm Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B mRNA expression was increased in culture-activated HSCs (Day 14) with sig-niflicant increases seen in all pairwise comparisons (Ⅱ-A: 12.67 ± 0.99 (quiescent) vs 17.36 ± 0.78 (Day 14), P milar expression patterns (Ⅱ-A: 1.87 ± 2.50 (quiescent) vs 58.64 ± 8.76 (Day 14), P mm Ⅱ-C mRNA and protein expression between quiescent and activated HSCs. In culture-activated HSCs, Nmm Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B merged with F-actin at the cellular periphery and throughout cytoplasm respectively. In vitro stud-ies showed increased expression of Nmm Ⅱ-B in HSCs activated by BDL compared to sham-operated animals. There were no apparent increases of Nmm Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-C protein expression in HSCs during hepatic BDL injury. To determine the contribution of Nmm Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B to migration and contraction, Nmm Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B expres-sion were downregulated with siRNA. Nmm Ⅱ-A and/or Ⅱ-B siRNA inhibited HSC mi

关键词： Hepatic stellate cells Nonmuscle myosin Ⅱ migration Contraction Blebbistatin Hepatic injury

Very Low, Real-Time Rate of Urinary Retention after Intradetrusor Botox<sup>&reg</sup>for Non-Neurogenic Overactive Bladder

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第8期7卷 915-921页

作者： Kirin K. Syed christopher S. gomez Angelo E. Gousse Bladder Health and Reconstructive Urology Institute Miramar FL USA Female Urology Neurourology Voiding Dysfunction and Reconstruction Department of Urology University of Miami Miami FL USA

Introduction: According to the most recent AUA/SUFU guidelines, intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA (BTN/A) is a standard, evidence strength grade B, third line treatment option for refractory non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB). Urinary retention is the most common clinically significant reported side effect ranging from 5.4% to 43% in previous studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the real-time rate of urinary retention in patients treated with BTN/A for refractory non-neurogenic OAB in a multi-institutional study. methods: Retrospective chart review identified 71 patients who were treated with 100U BTN/A for refractory non-neurogenic OAB from August 2011 to July 2015 at two institutions. Using a flexible cystoscope, 100U Botox® reconstituted with 10 ml normal saline was administered. Injections of 1 ml (10 units/ mL) were administered in 10 evenly distributed sites sparing the trigone. Pre and post BTN/A post-void residuals (PVR) were reviewed. Urinary retention was defined as PVR > 200 mL requiring clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Results: After exclusion, the study group consisted of 66 patients with a mean age of 67 years and 30% were men. mean pre and post-procedural PVR were 14.06 mL and 69.21 mL. Eight patients (12.12%) were noted to have elevated PVR > 200 mL post injection however only one patient (female) required initiation of CIC. The rate of urinary retention was 1.5% (N = 1). There was no correlation with age, history of previous radiation, diabetes or prior use of a neuromodulator device. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a very low risk of real-time urinary retention rates in appropriately selected patients treated with BTN/A for refractory non-neurogenic OAB outside of a clinical trial setting.

关键词： Intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA Refractory Non-Neurogenic Overactive Bladder Urinary Retention OAB Urinary Retention Rate Botox®

Association patterns reveal dispersalaggregation dynamics among cattle in a South Texas Rangeland,USA

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 323-332页

作者： christopher Cheleuitte-Nieves Humberto L.Perotto-Baldivieso X.Ben Wu Susan m.Cooper Department of Ecosystem Science and management Texas A&M University2120 TAMU320 WFES BuildingCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Present Address:Center of Comparative medicine and Pathology Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center1300 York Ave.E-703ENew YorkNY 10065USA Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research 1619 Garner Field RoadUvaldeTX 78801USA

Introduction:The spatial association dynamics of free-ranging cattle herds are not fully understood;however,they can have a direct influence on the spatial patterns of resource *** aim of our study was to examine new analytical methods of identifying the spatio-temporal patterns of behavioral dynamics that determine cattle herd dispersal in the semi-arid rangelands of South *** fitted 10 free-ranging cows with global positioning system collars and obtained positions every 5 min for each animal for 21-day trials,twice during the summer and winter *** used an association pattern recognition software(ASSOC1)and the herd center of gravity to identify the spatial and temporal thresholds that defined dispersion-aggregation patterns and individual position to determine their relation to social ***:The association pattern defining herd membership was that animals spent 70%of their time within 200 m of each *** ranking did not appear to influence association membership or position within the *** cattle showed a more dispersed distribution during summer,but in winter,herd members behaved in a more aggregated *** distribution is contrary to patterns described in more northerly and mountainous ***:The spatial thresholds of the cattle herd and the overall distance of all members to the center of the herd were smaller during winter and larger during summer,indicating that this study herd congregated during the winter and dispersed during the *** this study uses a herd of 10 individuals in a 100 ha pasture to evaluate spatio-temporal dynamics,our results provide evidence of the ability of current tracking and spatial association tools to detect and quantify seasonal changes in cattle herd dispersion-aggregation *** use of these data collection and analysis methods could prove useful in larger cattle herds,increase our understanding of herd spatiotemporal behavior,and subsequently he

关键词： Bos taurus Global positioning system(GPS) GPS collar Herd dispersal Social dominance Sub-herd Spatiotemporal pattern of resource use

Regional trends and petrologic factors inhibit global interpretations of zircon trace element compositions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 300-307页

作者： Nick m.W.Roberts christopher J.Spencer Stephen Puetz C.Brenhin Keller Simon Tapster Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyNottingham NG125GGUK Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada 475 Atkinson Dr Suite 704HonoluluHI 96814USA Department of Earth Sciences Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HamphireUSA

The trace element composition of zircon reveals information about the melt that they are derived from,as such,detrital zircon trace element compositions can be used to interrogate melt compositions,and thus the evolution of the continental crust in time and ***,we present a global database of detrital zircon compositions and use it to test whether average global trends for five common petrogenetic proxies truly represent secular changes in continental *** demonstrate that the secular trend is broadly comparable across continental regions for Ti-in-zircon temperatures,but for other trace element ratios interrogated,secular trends are highly variable between continental *** trace element ratios result from multiple petrologic variables,we argue that these petrogenetic proxies can be overinterpreted if projected to global geologic *** particular,we caution against the interpretation of crustal thickness from trace elements in zircon,and we argue that our results negate current hypotheses concerning secular changes in crustal thickness.

关键词： Detrital zircon Trace elements Secular change Eu anomaly Crustal thickness

An investigation into intermittent electrification strategies and an analysis of resulting CO_(2) emissions using a high-fidelity train model

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第3期29卷 314-326页

作者： Bilal m.Abdurahman Tim Harrison christopher P.Ward William J.B.midgley Wolfson School of mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

A near-term strategy to reduce emissions from rail vehicles,as a path to full electrification for maximal decarbonisation,is to partially electrify a route,with the remainder of the route requiring an additional self-powered traction *** rail vehicles are usually powered by a diesel engine when not operating on electrified track and are referred to as bi-mode *** paper analyses the benefits of discontinuous electrification compared to continuous electrification using the CO_(2)estimates from a validated high-fidelity bi-mode(diesel-electric)rail vehicle *** analysis shows that 50%discontinuous electrification provides a maximum of 54%reduction in operational CO_(2)emissions when compared to the same length of continuously electrified *** highest emissions savings occurred when leaving train stations where vehicles must accelerate quickly to line *** results were used to develop a linear regression model for fast estimation of CO_(2)emissions from diesel running and electrification *** model was able to estimate the CO_(2)emissions from a route to within 10%of that given by the high-fidelity ***,additional considerations such as cost and the embodied CO_(2)in electrification infrastructure were analysed to provide a comparison between continuous and discontinuous *** electrification can cost up to 56%less per reduction in lifetime emissions than continuous electrification and can save up to 2.3 times more lifetime CO_(2)per distance electrified.

关键词： Railway electrification CO_(2)reduction Discontinuous electrification Bi-mode rail vehicle

Performance of the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Score,Comparison with Vibration-controlled Transient Elastography Data,and Development of a Simple Algorithm to Predict Significant Liver Fibrosis in a Community-based Liver Service:A Retrospective Evaluation

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第4期11卷 800-808页

作者： Tina Reinson Janisha Patel mead mathews Derek Fountain Ryan m.Buchanan christopher DByrne Nutrition and metabolism Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research CenterUniversity Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Hepatology Department University Hospital SouthamptonSouthamptonUK St mary’s Surgery SouthamptonUK Core minutes Ltd RingwoodUK Clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

Background and Aims:Liver fibrosis is a key risk factor for cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma and end stage liver *** National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for assessment for advanced(≥F3)liver fibrosis in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease recommend the use of enhanced liver fibrosis(ELF)test,followed by vibration-controlled transient elastography(VCTE).Performance of ELF at predicting significant(≥F2)fibrosis in real-world practice is *** assess the accuracy of ELF using VCTE;investigate the optimum ELF cutoff value to identify≥F2and≥F3;and develop a simple algorithm,with and without ELF score,for detecting≥***:Retrospective evaluation of patients referred to a Community Liver Service for VCTE,Jan-Dec *** included:body mass index(BmI),diabetes status,alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,ELF score and biopsy-validated fibrosis stages according to ***:Data from 273 patients were available.n=110 patients had *** showed fair performance for≥F2 and≥F3,area under the curve(AUC)=0.70,95%confidence interval(CI)0.64-0.76 and AUC=0.72,95%CI:0.65-0.79 ***≥F2 Youden's index for ELF=9.85 and for≥F3,ELF=*** ALT,BmI,and HbA1c(ALBA algorithm)to predict≥F2 showed good performance(AUC=0.80,95%CI:0.69-0.92),adding ALBA to ELF improved performance(AUC=0.82,95%CI:0.77-0.88).Results were independently ***:Optimal ELF cutoff for≥F2 is 9.85 and 9.95 for≥***,BmI,and HbA1c(ALBA algorithm)can stratify patients at risk of≥*** is improved by adding ALBA.

关键词： Primary health care Retrospective evaluation Liver disease Diabetes Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Amalgamated gold-nanoalloys with enhanced catalytic activity for the detection of mercury ions(Hg^2+)in seawater samples

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 989-998页

作者： Natasha Logan Claire mcVey christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueens University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastBT95DLUK material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Queens University Belfast18-30 Malone RoadBelfastBT95BNUK

mercury(Hg)is extremely toxic,and continues to cause major threats to aquatic life,human health and the ***^2+mainly derives from seawater as a product of atmospheric deposition,therefore there is great demand for sensing approaches that can detect Hg^2+in seawater ***,we demonstrate that the peroxidase-mimicking activity of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)or so-called nanozymes,can be exploited for the detection of Hg^2+ions in various water *** a high electrolyte environment,the catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TmB)was significantly diminished due to poor stability of the *** activity was reduced by-73.7%when the NaCl concentration was higher than 1.168%,which is much lower than that of seawater(-3.5%),thus presenting its unsuitability for detecting Hg^2+in harsh water *** overcome this limitation,AuNPs were first functionalized with oligo-ethylene glycol(OEG),of which their colloidal form presented high stability in NaCl concentrations up to 20%and across a wide range of pHs from ***,the catalytic activity of OEG-AuNPs for the oxidation of TmB was strongly suppressed by the coating,but enhanced upon formation of Au-Hg *** novel finding underlies a straightforward,sensitive,and highly selective detection platform for Hg^2+in water *** approach could detect the exposure limit level for Hg^2+in drinking water(i.e.,2 ppb for tap and bottled water)as set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and the World Health Organization(WHO).When Hg^2+was spiked into a 3.5%saline solution and a coastal seawater certified reference material(CRm),the detection limits were found to be 10 ancm 3 ppb,respectively,which exceed the Hg^2+concentrations commonly found within seawater(-60-80 ppb).The whole procedure takes less than 45 min to conduct,providing a highly innovative,rapid and low-cost approach for detecting Hg^2+in complex water matrices.

关键词： gold nanoparticles nanozyme peroxidase-like mercury detection w ater samples seawater

High-Content Screening and Analysis of Stem Cell-Derived Neural Interfaces Using a Combinatorial Nanotechnology and machine Learning Approach

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Research 2023年第1期2022卷 153-167页

作者： Letao Yang Brian m.Conley Jinho Yoon christopher Rathnam Thanapat Pongkulapa Brandon Conklin Yannan Hou Ki-Bum Lee Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers UniversityThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

A systematic investigation of stem cell-derived neural interfaces can facilitate the discovery of the molecular mechanisms behind cell behavior in neurological disorders and accelerate the development of stem cell-based ***,high-throughput investigation of the cell-type-specific biophysical cues associated with stem cell-derived neural interfaces continues to be a significant obstacle to *** this end,we developed a combinatorial nanoarray-based method for high-throughput investigation of neural interface micro-/nanostructures(physical cues comprising geometrical,topographical,and mechanical aspects)and the effects of these complex physical cues on stem cell fate ***,by applying a machine learning(mL)-based analytical approach to a large number of stem cell-derived neural interfaces,we comprehensively mapped stem cell adhesion,differentiation,and proliferation,which allowed for the cell-type-specific design of biomaterials for neural interfacing,including both adult and human-induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)with varying genetic *** short,we successfully demonstrated how an innovative combinatorial nanoarray and mL-based platform technology can aid with the rational design of stem cell-derived neural interfaces,potentially facilitating precision,and personalized tissue engineering applications.

关键词： overcome neural rational