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Understanding the medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: Review of native ligament anatomy and function

World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第6期9卷 78-84页

作者： Joshua R labott William R Aibinder Joshua S Dines christopher l camp Mayo Clinic School of Medicine Mayo Clinic Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital of Special Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic

The medial ulnar collateral ligament complex of the elbow, which is comprised of the anterior bundle [AB, more formally referred to as the medial ulnar collateral ligament(MUCl)], posterior(PB), and transverse ligament, is commonly injured in overhead throwing athletes. Attenuation or rupture of the ligament results in valgus instability with variable clinical presentations. The AB or MUCl is the strongest component of the ligamentous complex and the primary restraint to valgus stress. It is also composed of two separate bands(anterior and posterior) that provide reciprocal function with the anterior band tight in extension, and the posterior band tight in flexion. In individuals who fail co-mprehensive non-operative treatment, surgical repair or reconstruction of the MUCl is commonly required to restore elbow function and stability. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy and biomechanical properties of the MUCl is imperative to optimize reconstructive efforts, and to enhance clinical and radiographic outcomes. Our understanding of the native anatomy and biomechanics of the MUCl has evolved over time. The precise locations of the origin and insertion footprint centers guide surgeons in proper graft placement with relation to bony anatomic landmarks. In recent studies, the ulnar insertion of the MUCl is described as larger than previously thought, with the center of the footprint at varying distances relative to the ulnar ridge, joint line, or sublime tubercle. The purpose of this review is to consolidate and summarize the existing literature regarding the native anatomy, biomechanical, and clinical significance of the entire medial ulnar collateral ligament complex, including the MUCl(AB), PB, and transverse ligament.

关键词： Elbow Anterior bundle Medial ulnar collateral ligament Native anatomy Biomechanics Valgus stability

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Treatment of the ulnar nerve for overhead throwing athletes undergoing ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第10期7卷 650-656页

作者： Matthew S Conti christopher l camp Neal S Elattrache David W Altchek Joshua S Dines Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery Shoulder and Sports Medicine Service Hospital for Special Surgery Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic

Ulnar nerve(UN) injuries are a common complaint amongst overhead athletes. The UN is strained during periods of extreme valgus stress at the elbow, especially in the late-cocking and early acceleration phases of throwing. Although early ulnar collateral ligament(UCl) reconstruction techniques frequently included routine submuscular UN transposition, this is becoming less common with more modern techniques. We review the recent literature on the sites of UN compression, techniques to evaluate the UN nerve, and treatment of UN pathology in the overhead athlete. We also discuss our preferred techniques for selective decompression and anterior transposition of the UN when indicated. More recent studies support the use of UN transpositions only when there are specific preoperative symptoms. Athletes with isolated ulnar neuropathy are increasingly being treated with subcutaneous anterior transposition of the nerve rather than submuscular transposition. When ulnar neuropathy occurs with UCl insufficiency, adoption of the muscle-splitting approach for UCl reconstructions, as well as using a subcutaneous UN transposition have led to fewer postoperative complications and improved outcomes. Prudent handling of the UN in addition to appropriate surgical technique can lead to a high percentage of athletes who return to competitive sports following surgery for ulnar neuropathy.

关键词： Ulnar nerve Neuropathy Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction Management Athletes

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Evaluation and treatment of internal impingement of the shoulder in overhead athletes

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第12期7卷 776-784页

作者： Keith T Corpus christopher l camp David M Dines David W Altchek Joshua S Dines Shoulder and Sports Medicine Service Hospital for Special Surgery

One of the most common pathologic processes seen in overhead throwing athletes is posterior shoulderpain resulting from internal impingement. "Internal impingement" is a term used to describe a constellation of symptoms which result from the greater tuberosity of the humerus and the articular surface of the rotator cuff abutting the posterosuperior glenoid when the shoulder is in an abducted and externally rotated position. The pathophysiology in symptomatic internal impingement is multifactorial,involving physiologic shoulder remodeling,posterior capsular contracture,and scapular dyskinesis. Throwers with internal impingement may complain of shoulder stiffness or the need for a prolonged warm-up,decline in performance,or posterior shoulder pain. On physical examination,patients will demonstrate limited internal rotation and posterior shoulder pain with a posterior impingement test. Common imaging findings include the classic "Bennett lesion" on radiographs,as well as articular-sided partial rotator cuff tears and concomitant SlAP lesions. Mainstays of treatment include intense non-operative management focusing on rest and stretching protocols focusing on the posterior capsule. Operative management is variable depending on the exact pathology,but largely consists of rotator cuff debridement. Outcomes of operative treatment have been mixed,therefore intense non-operative treatment should remain the focus of treatment.

关键词： Internal impingement Overhead athlete Partial rotator cuff tear Scapular dyskinesis Posterior capsular contracture SlAP tear

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Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and drugs of abuse： current knowledge and therapeutic opportunities

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第5期11卷 376-386页

作者： christopher M. Olsen Qing-Song liu Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Medical College of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee W1 53226 USA Neuroscience Research Center Medical College of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank Road Milwaukee WI 53226 USA

BACKGROUND： long-term exposure to drugs of abuse causes an upregulation of the camp-signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens and other forebrain regions, this common neuroadaptation is thought to underlie aspects of drug tolerance and dependence. Phosphodiesterase 4 （PDE4） is an enzyme that the selective hydrolyzes intracellular camp. It is expressed in several brain regions that regulate the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. OBJECTIVE： Here, we review the current knowledge about central nervous system （CNS） distribution of PDE4 isoforms and the effects of systemic and brain-region specific inhibition of PDE4 on behavioral models of drug addiction. METHODS： A systematic literature search was performed using the Pubmed. RESUlTS： Using behavioral sensitization, conditioned place preference and drug self-administration as behavioral models, a large number of studies have shown that local or systemic administration of PDE4 inhibitors reduce drug intake and/or drug seeking for psychostimulants, alcohol, and opioids in rats or mice. CONClUSIONS： Preclinical studies suggest that PDE4 could be a therapeutic target for several classes of substance use disorder. We conclude by identifying opportunities for the development of subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors that may reduce addiction liability and minimize the side effects that limit the clinical potential of non-selective PDE4 inhibitors. Several PDE4 inhibitors have been clinically approved for other diseases. There is a promising possibility to repurpose these PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of drug addiction as they are safe and well-tolerated in patients.

关键词： PDE4 PDE4 inhibitors VTA nucleus accumbens drug addiction

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Emulsion‑based evolution of Escherichia coli for higher growth yield on D‑xylose identifies central role of cyclic AMP

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第4期3卷 730-738页

作者： James S.Orr Edwin Zen Xiaoyi Wang christopher V.Rao DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation UrbanaILUSA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign600 S.Mathews Ave.UrbanaIL 61801USA Core Facility Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina

D-xylose is an abundant sugar found in plant biomass and can be used as a renewable feedstock for the microbial production of diverse biofuels and ***,D-xylose metabolism is slow in many industrial microorganisms,at least as compared to glucose *** surprisingly,a number of approaches have been developed for improving D-xylose metabolism in diverse *** this work,we applied a previously developed evolution strategy based on media-in-oil emulsions for improving the growth yield of Escherichia coli NCM3722 on *** 30 rounds of evolutions,we isolated multiple mutants with increased growth yield on *** addition,we also observed similar increases in the growth *** mutants were selected for whole-genome *** mutants had an amber stop mutation in adenylate cyclase,which truncates nearly 60%of the ***,the ability of this mutant to grow on xylose indicated that truncated enzyme,lacking the C-terminal regulatory domain,is still *** other mutant had a point mutation in the cyclic AMP receptor protein(CRP),near the high affinity binding site for cyclic *** mutations,when intro-duced into wild type ***,were able to increase the growth yields at levels similar to the isolated *** addition to D-xylose,these mutant strains and their genetic mimics also exhibited higher growth rates and yields on glucose,lactose,and *** results suggest that the improved growth rates and yields are due to changes in the production and sensing of intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations and also suggest native concentrations are suboptimal with respect to the growth rate and yield under the growth conditions ***,these results may prove useful for engineering strains of *** for high-density fermentations or protein production.

关键词： Escherichia coli Xylose camp Adaptive laboratory evolution

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量化单元在马鞍山遗址动物骨骼研究中的运用

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人类学学报 2008年第1期27卷 79-90页

作者：张乐 christopher J．Norton 张双权高星中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所北京100044 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

深入理解动物考古学研究中应用的量化单元对于反映遗址动物种属的多样性和统计骨骼部位出现数量有着极其重要的作用。本文主要通过各种量化单元在马鞍山遗址出土动物骨骼研究案例中的应用,并辅助以其它国内外研究的介绍,深入阐释了这些... 详细信息

深入理解动物考古学研究中应用的量化单元对于反映遗址动物种属的多样性和统计骨骼部位出现数量有着极其重要的作用。本文主要通过各种量化单元在马鞍山遗址出土动物骨骼研究案例中的应用,并辅助以其它国内外研究的介绍,深入阐释了这些单元的使用方法和注意事项,旨在让读者更加清楚地知道怎样针对具体情况选择适合应用的量化单元。

关键词：可鉴定标本数最小个体数最小骨骼部位数最小骨骼单元数马鞍山遗址

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Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection among Internally Displaced Persons from Bakassi Peninsular and Etim Ekpo in South Southern, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第9期7卷 28-37页

作者： Etanguno Effiong Owowo Mary Anthony christopher Iquo Effiong Okon Ukponobong Effiong Antia Veronica Umoh Department of Microbiology Akwa Ibom State University Mkpat-Enin Nigeria Health Initiative for Stability & Safety in Africa (HIFASS) Uyo Nigeria

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is an important global infection with a worldwide prevalence of about 40 percent. This infection is contagious and mostly acquired during childhood through the fecal-oral and oral-oral route. A total of 1560 blood specimens were aseptically collected from Internally Displaced Persons comprising female and male from the warring communities of Bakassi Peninsular and Etim Ekpo local Government Area in South Southern, Nigeria. The specimens were screened for H. pylori using Elisa kits following standard serological techniques. The overall prevalence rate was 464 (29.7%). There was significant difference (p H. pylori infection;its distribution varied between age group, educational status, habits or behaviors of the subjects with children within 5 to 14 years having the highest rate of 274 (17.6%), followed by 78 (4.99%) from adults (51 years and above) and 17 (1.08%) from active age range of 36 - 45 years old. Subjects with primary and quranic level of education showed a total of 274 (17.56%) positive cases to H. pylori. Analysis of sex-specific distribution revealed that females had the highest prevalence of 312 (20%). The helicobacter infection shows a significant difference at (p H. pylori infection. Crowding in camps and increasing household contact have been considered as risk factors of H. pylori infection. Adequate infrastructural provision and availability of portable water with good hygienic environment will drastically reduce the high rate spread of H. pylori bacterium in the IDPs communities in Nigeria.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Internally Displaced Persons camp

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