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A review of concentrated flow erosion processes on rangelands:Fundamental understanding and knowledge gaps

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第2期4卷 75-86页

作者： Sayjro K.Nouwakpo christopher j.williams Osama Z.Al-Hamdan Mark A.Weltz Fred Pierson Mark Nearing University of Nevada RenoDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Science1664 N.Virginia StreetRenoNV 89557USA USDA ARSNorthwest Watershed Management Research800 Park BLVD.STE 105BoiseID 83712USA Texas A&M University–Kingsville Department of Civil and Architectural EngineeringKingsvilleTX 78363USA USDA ARSGreat Basin Rangelands Research920 Valley RoadRenoNV 89512USA USDA ARSSouthwest Watershed Research2000 East Allen RoadTucsonAZ 85719USA

Concentrated flow erosion processes are distinguished from splash and sheetflow processes in their enhanced ability to mobilize and transport large amounts of soil,water and dissolved *** rangelands,soil,nutrients and water are scarce and only narrow margins of resource losses are tolerable before crossing the sustainability *** these ecosystems,concentrated flow processes are perceived as indicators of degradation and often warrant the implementation of mitigation ***,this negative perception of concentrated flow processes may conflict with the need to improve understanding of the role of these transport vessels in redistributing water,soil and nutrients along the rangeland *** influences the development and erosion of concentrated flowpaths and has been the primary factor used to control and mitigate erosion on *** the ecohydrologic level,vegetation and concentrated flow pathways are engaged in a feedback relationship,the understanding of which might help improve rangeland management and restoration *** this paper,we review published literature on experimental and conceptual research pertaining to concentrated flow processes on rangelands to:(1)present the fundamental science underpinning concentrated flow erosion modeling in these landscapes,(2)discuss the influence of vegetation on these erosion processes,(3)evaluate the contribution of concentrated flow erosion to overall sediment budget and(4)identify knowledge gaps.

关键词： Erosion Rangeland Concentrated flow Rill Gully

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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： christopher j.O’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

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Settling,consolidation and shear strength behaviour of coal tailings slurry

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第6期30卷 849-857页

作者： Shriful Islam David j.williams Marcelo Llano-Serna Chenming Zhang School of Civil Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhet 3114Bangladesh Geotechnical Engineer Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd.Queensland 4101Australia

The volume change and shear strength behaviour of tailings slurry with the changes in gravimetric moisture content is important to effectively utilise the storage volume and analysis of dam failure *** testing of tailings from a slurry-like to soil-like state is a critical task,and conventional consolidation apparatus does not have the capability of doing such testing,as the tailings slurries contain high water *** tests conducted on slurries having a 25%solids concentration showed very low efficiency;final sediment was still *** intrinsic point was identified based on pore water pressure dissipation during consolidation tests in a slurry consolidometer that can define two states of the tailings ***-like and *** the slurry-like state,the volume change was greater for Slurry 2 than Slurry 1,while the inverse was observed in the soil-like *** evolution of peak vane shear strength with the changes in moisture content was almost similar for both samples and obeyed the power *** models have been developed and validated to predict the shear strength of materials at any gravimetric moisture content or void ratio.

关键词： Settling Consolidation Vane shear strength Coal tailings slurry Slurry consolidometer

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Dynamic optoelectric trapping and deposition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 264-269页

作者： Avanish Mishra Katherine Clayton Vanessa Velasco Stuart j.williams Steven T.Wereley Birck Nanotechnology Center School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of LouisvilleKY 40292USA

In the path toward the realization of carbon nanotube(CNT)-driven electronics and sensors,the ability to precisely position CNTs at well-defined locations remains a significant *** complex CNT-based bottom–up structures can be synthesized if there is a method to accurately trap and place these *** this study,we demonstrate that the rapid electrokinetic patterning(REP)technique can accomplish these *** using laser-induced alternating current(AC)electrothermal flow and particle–electrode forces,REP can collect and maneuver a wide range of vertically aligned multiwalled CNTs(from a single nanotube to over 100 nanotubes)on an electrode *** addition,these trapped nanotubes can be electrophoretically deposited at any desired location onto the electrode *** from active control of the position of these deposited nanotubes,the number of CNTs in a REP trap can also be dynamically tuned by changing the AC frequency or by adjusting the concentration of the dispersed *** the basis of a calculation of the stiffness of the REP trap,we found an upper limit of the manipulation speed,beyond which CNTs fall out of the REP *** peak manipulation speed is found to be dependent on the electrothermal flow velocity,which can be varied by changing the strength of the AC electric field.

关键词： carbon nanotube deposition optoelectrical tweezers patterning trapping

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Genetics of anorexia nervosa:An overview of genome-wide association studies and emerging biological links

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journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第1期49卷 1-12页

作者： Clara de jorge Martinez Gull Rukh Michael j.williams Santino Gaudio Samantha Brooks Helgi BSchi oth Department of Neuroscience Functional PharmacologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly School of Psychology Faculty of HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityUK Department of Psychology School of Human and Community DevelopmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia

Anorexia nervosa(AN) is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component. Comorbidities are frequent and there is substantial overlap with other disorders. The lack of understanding of the molecular and neuroanatomical causes has made it difficult to develop effective treatments and it is often difficult to treat in clinical practice. Recent advances in genetics have changed our understanding of polygenic diseases,increasing the possibility of understanding better how molecular pathways are intertwined. This review synthetizes the current state of genetic research providing an overview of genome-wide association studies(GWAS) findings in AN as well as overlap with other disorders, traits, pathways, and imaging results. This paper also discusses the different putative global pathways that are contributing to the disease including the evidence for metabolic and psychiatric origin of the disease.

关键词： Anorexia nervosa Genome-wide association studies Genetic variants Psychiatry

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A review of the microbiology of the Rehai geothermal field in Tengchong,Yunnan Province,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第3期3卷 273-288页

作者： Brian P.Hedlund jessica K.Cole Amanda j.williams Weiguo Hou Enmin Zhou Wenjun Li Hailiang Dong School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154-4004USA Geomicrobiology Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Yunnan Institute of Microbiology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650011China Department of Geology Miami UniversityOxfordOH 45056USA

The Rehai Geothermal Field, located in Tengchong County, in central-western Yunnan Prov- ince, is the largest and most intensively studied geothermal field in China. A wide physicochemical diversity of springs （ambient to -97 ℃; pH from 〈1.8 to≥9.3） provides a multitude of niches for extremophilic microorganisms. A variety of studies have focused on the cultivation, identification, basic physiology, taxonomy, and biotechnological potential of thermophilic microorganisms from Rehai. Ther- mophilic bacteria isolated from Rehai belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus. Firmicutes include neutrophilic or alkaliphilic Anoxybacillus, Bacillus, Caldalkalibacillus, Caldanaerobacter, Laceyella, and Geobacillus, as well as thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus and Sulfobacillus. Isolates from the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum include several Meiothermus and Thermus species. Many of these bacteria synthesize thermostable polymer-degrading enzymes that may be useful for biotech- nology. The thermoacidophilic archaea Acidianus, Metallosphaera, and Sulfolobus have also been isolated and studied. A few studies have reported the isolation of thermophilic viruses belonging to Siphoviridae （TTSP4 and TTSP10） and Fuselloviridae （STSV1） infecting Thermus spp. and Sulfolobus spp., respectively. More recently, cultivation-independent studies using 16S rRNA gene sequences, shotgun metagenomics, or ＂＇functional gene＂ sequences have revealed a mtlch broader diversity of micro- organisms than represented in culture. Studies of the gene and mRNA encoding 113e large subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase （amoA） of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea （AOA） and the tetraether lipid cre- narchaeol, a potential hiomarker for AOA, suggest a wide diversity, but possibly low abundance, of ther- mophilic AOA in Rehai. Finally, we introduce the Tengchong Partnerships in International Research and Education （P1RE） project, an international collaboration between Chinese and U.S. scientists with the goal of

关键词： GeomicrobiologyThermophile Yunnan Rehai Tengchong PIRE

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IDEALIZED SIMULATIONS OF THE INNER CORE BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURE IN A LANDFALLING TROPICAL CYCLONE. PART Ⅰ: KINEMATIC STRUCTURE

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2019年第2期8卷 53-73页

作者： GABRIEL j.williams jR. Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Charleston

The effects of coastal topography and coastal location in the distribution of boundary layer winds in the inner core of mature tropical cyclones are examined using a high-resolution multi-level model. In these numerical simulations, the evolution of the tropical cyclone boundary layer(TCBL) is studied in storm-relative coordinates, and in lieu of an actual steering current moving the model vortex, the position of the land-sea interface was shifted through the grid domain at a constant speed with separate surface boundary conditions specified over the land and ocean areas. It is shown that the presence of a coastal boundary produces land-induced asymmetries(along with an internal boundary layer) due to the asymmetric structure of surface drag. This land-induced asymmetry is found in both the azimuthal and radial wind field at landfall. For a moving storm, nonlinear advective interactions between storm-induced asymmetries and land-induced asymmetries can generate a lowlevel vorticity band ahead of the hurricane. When the storm motion vector has a component that is perpendicular to the coastal boundary, the interaction between this band and the mean vortex leads to a temporary weakening and re-intensification cycle. Furthermore, it is shown that the relative magnitude of the land-induced asymmetry depends upon the terrain slope and the terrain height such that the land-induced asymmetry dominates over the motion-induced asymmetry for elevated terrain. These results underscore the specific differences in boundary layer evolution and intensity evolution for hurricanes interacting with complex topographical features.

关键词： hurricane tropical cyclone landfalling hurricane tropical cyclone boundary layer

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Studying turbulence structure near the wall in hydrodynamic flows:An approach based on the Schur decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第5期34卷 806-825页

作者： christopher j.Keylock School of Architecture Building and Civil EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUK

The Schur decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor(VGT)is an alternative to the classical Cauchy-Stokes decomposition into rotation rate and strain rate ***,there have been several strands of work that have employed this decomposition to examine the physics of turbulence dynamics,including approaches that combine the Schur and Cauchy-Stokes *** are briefly reviewed before the latter approach is set *** partitions the rotation rate and strain rate tensors into normal/local and non-normal/non-local *** then study the relation between the VGT dynamics and ejection-sweep events in a channel flow *** show that the sweeps in particular exhibit novel behaviour compared with either the other quadrants,or the flow in general,with a much-reduced contribution to the dynamics from the non-normal terms above the viscous *** particular,the reduction in the production term that is the interaction between the non-normality and the normal straining reduces in the log-layer as a consequence of an absence of alignment between the non-normal vorticity and the strain rate *** have been early forays into using the Schur transform approach for subgrid-scale modelling in large-eddy simulation(LES)and this would appear to be an exciting way forward.

关键词： Turbulence channel flow velocity gradient tensor Schur decomposition

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Twin studies,genome-wide association studies and myopia genetics

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Annals of Eye Science 2017年第1期2卷 349-354页

作者： Katie M.williams Pirro Hysi christopher j.Hammond Department of Ophthalmology King's College LondonSt Thomas’HospitalLondonUK Department of Twin Research&Genetic Epidemiology King's College LondonSt Thomas’HospitalLondonUK

Myopia is an increasingly prevalent,complex trait influenced by numerous genetic and environmental *** the increasing prevalence may be underlined by changing environmental pressures,the majority of trait variance is explained by genetic *** other words,the dispersion or variation in refractive error within individuals of a defined population is largely due to the effect of *** is supported by the crude but well-replicated dose-response association of one or more myopic parents and risk of myopia in their child(1-4),and to a better degree the high estimates of heritability for refractive error from twin studies(5-8).

关键词： refractive estimates error

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Development process for a higher capacity Propsetter~ system

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 121-126页

作者： christopher j.Brown Product Development-Strata Worldwide LLC

As longwall tailgate support technologies continue to be developed and improved, strata worldwide has worked to design and manufacture a revised Propsetter to provide additional support capacity and enable applications at greater mine *** support is targeted for tailgate applications, however, it can also be utilized for roof support in various types of mining *** paper describes the design changes for enhancing the support capacity of the Propsetter to more closely align its performance with other support technologies currently being employed in longwall *** changes to each design aspect of the Propsetter was key to successfully improving the roof support's load capacity while maintaining controlled *** the load capacity would allow a mine to improve support efficiency with a smaller, less intrusive support compared to support alternatives and reduce the cost per foot of supported *** target support capacity was 711–890 k N at 50 mm of deformation to more closely match the performance of competing tailgate supports such as the 610 mm-diameter CAN~.To achieve this goal, changes were made to all design aspects of the Propsetter: diameter, wedge cut depth and angle, pod size, and confinement *** results from the NIOSH Mine Roof Simulator verified that these design changes were successful in increasing the capacity of the Propsetter to the 711–890 k N range at fifty mms of deformation.

关键词： Propsetter Can Longwall mining Tailgate roof support Controlled deformation

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