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Evaluation of Daily Gridded Meteorological Datasets over the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria and Implication to Water Resources Management

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2020年第1期10卷 21-39页

作者： Ibrahim Hassan Robert M. Kalin christopher j. white j.miu A. Aladej.na Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK Department of Civil Engineering Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Department of Geology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Hydro-climatological study is difficult in most of the developing countries due to the paucity of monitoring stations. Gridded climatological data provides an opportunity to extrapolate climate to areas without monitoring stations based on their ability to replicate the Spatio-temporal distribution and variability of observed datasets. Simple correlation and error analyses are not enough to predict the variability and distribution of precipitation and temperature. In this study, the coefficient of correlation (R2), Root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE) and mean wet and dry spell lengths were used to evaluate the performance of three widely used daily gridded precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature datasets from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU), Princeton University Global Meteorological Forcing (PGF) and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) datasets available over the Niger Delta part of Nigeria. The Standardised Precipitation Index was used to assess the confidence of using gridded precipitation products on water resource management. Results of correlation, error, and spell length analysis revealed that the CRU and PGF datasets performed much better than the CFSR datasets. SPI values also indicate a good association between station and CRU precipitation products. The CFSR datasets in comparison with the other data products in many years overestimated and underestimated the SPI. This indicates weak accuracy in predictability, hence not reliable for water resource management in the study area. However, CRU data products were found to perform much better in most of the statistical assessments conducted. This makes the methods used in this study to be useful for the assessment of various gridded datasets in various hydrological and climatic applications.

关键词： Climate Research Unit (CRU) Princeton University Global Meteorological Forcing Dataset (PGF) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI)

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紫草提取物抗氧化作用研究

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精细化工 2008年第7期25卷 636-638页

作者：韩洁 christopher j. Branford-white 朱利民翁新楚东华大学化学化工与生物工程学院上海201620 英国伦敦都市大学健康和政策研究所英国伦敦上海大学生命科学学院上海200444

考察了紫草提取物在体外和体内的抗氧化活性。以合成天然抗氧化剂二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)和天然抗氧化剂α-生育酚(α-tocopherol)为对照,用OSI方法测定了紫草石油醚提取物和氯仿提取物在猪油中的抗氧化作用,并首次考察了二者对小鼠血清中... 详细信息

考察了紫草提取物在体外和体内的抗氧化活性。以合成天然抗氧化剂二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)和天然抗氧化剂α-生育酚(α-tocopherol)为对照,用OSI方法测定了紫草石油醚提取物和氯仿提取物在猪油中的抗氧化作用,并首次考察了二者对小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)水平的影响。结果表明,添加质量分数为0.1%的紫草石油醚和氯仿提取物,可分别使猪油的氧化诱导期由4.5 h延长至52.4 h和52.2 h。小鼠灌服紫草石油醚和氯仿提取物21 d后,其血清中SOD活性均显著高于正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而MDA含量显著低于正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01),表现出体内抗氧化活性,证明紫草石油醚和氯仿提取物具有较强抗氧化活性,可显著抑制猪油氧化,并可明显提高小鼠体内SOD的活性,降低MDA含量。该研究内容的新颖性,已为教育部科技查新工作站(G05)2008年2月28日出具的的第DHU2008-019号《科技查新报告》所证实。

关键词：紫草抗氧化猪油超氧化物歧化酶丙二醛

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有机碱在脂肪酶Candida antarctica B催化仲醇拆分中的促进作用

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精细化工 2009年第2期26卷 157-161页

作者：吴小梅朱利民 christopher j. Branford-white 夏春谷东华大学化学化工与生物工程学院上海201620 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 伦敦都市大学健康和政策研究所英国伦敦

以离子液体[bmim]PF6为反应溶剂，乙酸乙烯酯为酰基供体，考察了脂肪酶CandidaantarcticaB催化外消旋仲醇的动力学拆分。主要考察了有机碱和无机碱对拆分反应的影响，结果发现，在反应底物中加入三乙胺或吡啶，能够极大地提高脂肪酶的... 详细信息

以离子液体[bmim]PF6为反应溶剂，乙酸乙烯酯为酰基供体，考察了脂肪酶CandidaantarcticaB催化外消旋仲醇的动力学拆分。主要考察了有机碱和无机碱对拆分反应的影响，结果发现，在反应底物中加入三乙胺或吡啶，能够极大地提高脂肪酶的活性和对映选择性，当底物邻甲氧基-α-苯乙醇和1-（2-萘基）乙醇在拆分时加入吡啶后，脂肪酶的对映选择性是未加入有机碱时的5～8倍，分别从E=65提高到E=525和从E=209提高到E=1059，因此，可高对映选择性地获得邻甲氧基--α-苯乙醇和1-（2-萘基）乙醇的手性单体。随着吡啶加入量的增加，脂肪酶的对映选择性有所下降，因此，有机碱的最佳加入量为0．01mol，原因可能是在该加入量下，脂肪酶达到了最佳pH，即处于活性构象，从而具有较高的活性和对映选择性。

关键词：离子液体脂肪酶仲醇有机碱

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Diagnostic Dilemma of Intracardiac Mass: Tumor versus Thrombus-Case Series and Systematic Review

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j.urnal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 141-150页

作者： Indira Acharya Ashik Pokharel Raktim Ghosh christopher j. Haas Department of Internal Medicine Internal Medicine Residency Program Medstar Health Baltimore MD USA Department of Cardiology MedStar Union Memorial Hospital MedStar Health Baltimore MD USA School of Medicine Georgetown University Washington D.C. USA

Background: The differential diagnosis for intracavitary cardiac masses is limited, typically including vegetations, tumors, or thrombi. Cardiac thrombi can often mimic cardiac tumors on imaging, creating a diagnostic challenge. Primary cardiac tumors are rare and usually benign, whereas most cardiac tumors result from metastases, commonly originating from malignancies in the breast, lung, or melanoma. Aim: This report highlights the importance of distinguishing various cardiac masses based on clinical presentations, clinical courses, and radiological features. Case Presentation: We describe two cases of cardiac masses with unique and diverse clinical features. Each case posed significant diagnostic challenges due to their distinct presentations and clinical progressions. Conclusion: These cases underscore the importance of considering both benign and metastatic origins in the differential diagnosis of intracavitary cardiac masses. Accurate differentiation between thrombi and tumors is crucial for appropriate management and treatment.

关键词： Echocardiography Cardiac Masses Arrhythmias Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cardiac Thrombi

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Management of gestational diabetes mellitus via nutritional interventions:The relevance of gastric emptying

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World j.urnal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1394-1397页

作者： Wei-Kun Huang Ryan j.j.lleh christopher K Rayner Tong-Zhi Wu Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000Australia Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of Adelaide and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000Australia

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)represents one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy and is important to the well-being of both mothers and offspring in the short and long *** intervention remains the mainstay for the management of *** efficacy of nutritional approaches(*** restriction and small frequent meals)to improving the maternal-neonatal outcomes of GDM was attested to by Chinese population data,discussed in two articles in recent issues of this ***,a specific focus on the relevance of postprandial glycaemic control was *** rather than fasting hyperglycaemia often represents the predominant manifestation of disordered glucose homeostasis in Chinese women with *** is now increasing appreciation that the rate of gastric emptying,which controls the delivery of nutrients for digestion and absorption in the small intestine,is a key determinant of postprandial glycaemia in both health,type 1 and 2 *** remains to be established whether gastric emptying is abnormally rapid in GDM,particularly among Chinese women,thus contributing to a predisposition to postprandial hyperglycaemia,and if so,how this influences the therapeutic response to nutritional *** is essential that we understand the role of gastric emptying in the regulation of postprandial glycaemia during pregnancy and the potential for its modulation by nutritional strategies in order to improve postprandial glycaemic control in GDM.

关键词： Gastric emptying Postprandial glycaemia Diet Nutritional interventions Gestational diabetes mellitus

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Comparative utility of vestibular function tests in patients with peripheral and central vestibular dysfunction

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j.urnal of Otology 2024年第1期19卷 5-9页

作者： Cameron B.Fattahi christopher Zaro j.nice j.Chung Richard F.Lewis Divya A.Chari Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery UMASS Memorial Medical CenterUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA j.nks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and EarBostonMAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Neurology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Background: Bithermal caloric irrigation, video head impulse test(vHIT), and rotational testing are commonly used to assess peripheral vestibular function, but the relative clinical utility of each test in differentiating patients with peripheral vestibulopathy is ***: To determine whether(1) the combination of two or more vestibular tests enhances diagnostic utility over a single test;(2) abnormal test results on vestibular tests correlate with one ***: Retrospective analysis of data collected from multidisciplinary vestibular clinics at two academic medical centers from 2016 to ***: 150 patients(54.10 ± 15.09 years, 88 females) were included. No individual test was significantly better at predicting the presence of peripheral vestibular damage(p > 0.05). vHIT test results improved significantly when combined with either the caloric test(p = 0.007) or rotary chair test(p = 0.039). Caloric and rotational testing had high sensitivity(74.65% and 76.06%, respectively) and specificity(83.54% and 78.48%, respectively). vHIT demonstrated excellent specificity(89.87%) but poor sensitivity(47.89%). Caloric, vHIT, and rotary chair tests results did not correlate with one another(p > 0.05).Conclusions: Vestibular function tests have comparable diagnostic utility, yet each offers unique advantages. Caloric and rotational testing may be best suited for screening peripheral damage and vHIT may function ideally as a confirmatory test.

关键词： vestibular patients specificity

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Surgeon preferences in the treatment of thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis

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World j.urnal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期15卷 435-443页

作者： Edward j.Wu Bradley W Fossum Wyatt Vander Voort christopher O Bayne Robert M Szabo Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55455United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery UC Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCA 95817United States

BACKGROUND Primary thumb carpometacarpal(CMC)osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions encountered by hand *** the vast number of operations that have been proposed,none have demonstrated results significantly superior to trapeziectomy *** The purpose of our study was to determine why surgeons opt for their technique in treating CMC *** A cross-sectional survey of active members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand was conducted to evaluate the reasons behind their preferred technique in the treatment of isolated thumb CMC *** were contacted by email once and provided with a link to a de-identified survey consisting of 5 treatment questions and 5 demographic *** Of 950 responses were received.40.5%of surgeons preferred trapeziectomy+ligament reconstruction tendon interposition(LRTI),followed by trapeziectomy+suspensionplasty(28.2%),suture button suspension(5.9%),trapeziectomy alone(4.6%),prosthetic arthroplasty(3.2%),arthrodesis(1.1%),and other(6.6%).Proponents of trapeziectomy+LRTI cited familiarity(73.2%),exposure during fellowship(48.8%)and less proximal migration(60%)to be the main reasons affecting their *** who preferred trapeziectomy+suspensionplasty most reported simplicity(74.9%),fewer complications(45.3%),less proximal migration(43.8%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(42.7%).Advocates of suture button suspension cited avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(80.4%),shorter immobilization(76.8%),and quicker recovery(73.2%)with their *** of trapeziectomy alone cited simplicity(97.7%),fewer complications(86.4%),and avoidance of autogenous tissue harvest(59.1%).In their comments,45%of surgeons choosing trapeziectomy alone cited evidence as an additional *** of prosthetic arthroplasty cited improved pinch strength(83.3%)and improved range of motion(63.3%),while those preferring arthrodesis cited better pinch strength(90%)and freque

关键词： Thumb carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Trapeziectomy Ligament reconstruction tendon interposition Suspensionplasty Preferences Trends

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Graphene-calcium carbonate coating to improve the degradation resistance and mechanical integrity of a biodegradable implant

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 394-404页

作者： Lokesh Choudhary Parama Chakraborty Banerj.e R.K.Singh Raman Derrek E.Lobo christopher D.Easton Mainak Maj.mder Frank Witte j.rg F.Löffler Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory(NSEL) Bldg 37Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Bayview AvenueClaytonVIC 3168Australia j.lius Wolff Institute and Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353 BerlinGermany Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology Department of MaterialsETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland

Biodegradable implants are critical for regenerative orthopaedic procedures,but they may suffer from too fast corrosion in human-body *** necessitates the synthesis of a suitable coating that may improve the corrosion resistance of these implants without compromising their mechanical *** this study,an AZ91 magnesium alloy,as a representative for a biodegradable Mg implant material,was modified with a thin reduced graphene oxide(RGO)-calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))composite *** analytical and in-vitro electrochemical characterization reveals that this coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity,and thus has the potential to greatly extend the related application field.

关键词： Graphene coating Biodegradable implant Hydroxyapatite Corrosion Magnesium alloy

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A new perspective on intervertebral disc calcification—from bench to bedside

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 50-61页

作者： Emanuel j.Novais Raj.ishen Narayanan j.se A.Canseco Koen van de Wetering christopher K.Kepler Alan S.Hilibrand Alexander R.Vaccaro Makarand V.Risbud Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Unidade Local de Saúde do Litoral Alentej.no Orthopedic DepartmentSantiago do CacémPortugal Rothman Orthopedic Institute at Thomas j.fferson University PhiladelphiaPAUSA

Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck ***,there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis,ectopic calcification,herniation,or mixed *** these phenotypes,disc calcification is the least *** calcification,by definition,is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues,widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature,skin,and ***,disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative *** is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular and morphological characteristics:hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upregulation;cell death;altered Pi and PPi homeostasis;and local *** studies in mouse models have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this *** is essential to recognize that the presentation and nature of mineralization differ between AF,NP,and EP ***,the combination of anatomic location,genetics,and environmental stressors,such as aging or trauma,govern the predisposition to ***,the systemic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis,along with disc cell death and differentiation *** there is limited understanding of this phenotype,understanding the molecular pathways governing local intervertebral disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying drugs and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.

关键词： degeneration metabolism intervertebral

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Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman j.son Lynch christopher E.Stevens christopher Munley Chentao Li j.n Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Maj.mdar Pj.mes Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan j.shua R.Hendrickson Deep j.riwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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