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Hetero-trans-β-Glucanase Produces Cellulose-Xyloglucan Covalent Bonds in the Cell Walls of Structural Plant Tissues and Is Stimulated by expansin

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Molecular Plant 2020年第7期13卷 1047-1062页

作者： Klaus Herburger Lenka Frankova Martina Picmanova Jia Wooi Loh Marcos Valenzuela-Ortega Frank Meulewaeter Andrew D.Hudson christopher e.french Stephen C.Fry The edinburgh Cell Wall Group Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUnited Kingdom Institute of Quantitative Biology Biochemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Biological SciencesThe University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93BFUnited Kingdom BASF BBCC Innovation Center Gent-Trait Research9052 Gent(Zwijnaarde)Belgium Zhejiang University-University of edinburgh Joint Research Centre for engineering Biology Zhejiang UniversityHainingZhejiang 314400China Present address:Section for Plant Glycobiology Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg 1871Denmark

Current cell-wall models assume no covalent bonding between cellulose and hemicelluloses such as xyloglu-can or mixed-linkageβ-D-glucan(MLG).However,equisetum hetero-trans-β-glucanase(HTG)grafts cellu-lose onto xyloglucan oligosaccharides(XGOs)-and,we now show,xyloglucan polysaccharide-in vitro,thus exhibiting CXe(cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase)*** addition,HTG also catalyzes MLG-to-XGO bonding(MXe activity).In this study,we explored the CXe action of HTG in native plant cell walls and tested whether expansin exposes cellulose to HTG by disrupting hydrogen *** quantify and visu-alize CXe and MXe action,we assayed the sequential release of HTG products from cell walls pre-labeled with substrate *** demonstrated covalent cellulose--xyloglucan bonding in plant cell walls and showed that CXe and MXe action was up to 15%and 60%of total transglucanase action,respectively,and peaked in aging,strengthening tissues:CXe in xylem and cells bordering intercellular canals and MXe in *** bacterial expansin(eXLX1)strongly augmented CXe activity in *** and MXe ac-tion in living equisetum structural tissues potentially strengthens stems,while expansin might augment the HTG-catalyzed CXe reaction,thereby allowing efficient CXe action in *** methods will enable surveys for comparable reactions throughout the plant ***,engineering similar hetero-polymer formation into angiosperm crop plants may improve certain agronomic traits such as lodging tolerance.

关键词： cell wall cellulose hemicelluloses hetero-trans-p-glucanase hetero-transglycosylation xyloglucan

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Mycelium as a self-growing biobased material for the fabrication of single-layer masks

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第4期8卷 399-407页

作者： Victoria french Chuanshen Du e.Johan Foster Department of Chemical and Biological engineering Vancouver Bioproducts InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z3Canada

Disposable face masks are an essential piece of personal protective equipment for workers in medical facilities,laboratories,and the general public to prevent the spread of illnesses and/or ***-19 resulted in an uptick in the usage and production of face masks,exacerbating issues related to the waste and recycling of these ***,face masks are derived from petrochemicals,such as melt-blown or spunbound *** such,there is a need to find sustainable mask materials that can maintain or improve the performance of petrochemical *** paper explores an alternative mask material that utilizes fungal mycelium as self-growing filaments to enhance the efficiency of individual polypropylene mask *** engineering the growth pattern and time,breathability and filtration efficiency was optimized such that one layer of the mycelium-modified mask could replace all three layers of the traditional three-layer ***,it was found that the mycelium-modified mask exhibits asymmetric hydrophobicity,with super-hydrophobicity at the composite-air interface and lower hydrophobicity at the composite-medium *** property can improve the performance of the modified mask by protecting the mask from external liquids without trapping water vapor from the user’s *** findings from this study can provide a basis for further development of mycelium to create sustainable filtration materials with enhanced functionality.

关键词： Mycelium Filtration Functional material Pleurotus ostreatus Water resistance

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exotic and excited-state meson spectroscopy and radiative transitions from lattice QCD

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1512-1515页

作者： christopher e.Thomas Jefferson Laboratory

We discuss recent progress in extracting the excited meson spectrum and radiative transition form factors from lattice *** mention results in the charmonium sector,including the first lattice QCD calculation of radiative transition rates involving excited charmonium states,highlighting results for high spin and exotic *** present recent results on a highly excited isovector meson spectrum from dynamical anisotropic *** carefully constructed operators we show how the continuum spin of extracted states can be reliably identified and confidently extract excited states,states with exotic quantum numbers and states of high *** spectrum includes the first spin-four state extracted from lattice *** conclude with some comments on future prospects.

关键词： lattice QCD exotics mesons spectroscopy

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Clinical variability and molecular heterogeneity inprostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 543-548页

作者： Jonathan Shoag christopher e Barbieri Department of Urology NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA Sandra and edward Meyer Cancer Center Weill Cornell Medica College New York USA.

Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease, with some men having indolent disease that can safely be observed, while others have aggressive, lethal disease. Over the past decade, researchers have begun to unravel some of the genomic heterogeneity that contributes to these varying clinical phenotypes. Distinct molecular sub-classes of prostate cancer have been identified, and the uniqueness of these sub-classes has been leveraged to predict clinical outcomes, design novel biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis, and develop novel therapeutics. Recent work has also elucidated the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of prostate cancer, helping us understand disease pathogenesis, response to therapy, and progression. New genomic techniques have provided us with a window into the remarkable clinical and genomic heterogeneity of prostate cancer, and this new perspective will increasingly impact patient care.

关键词： cell biology eRG genomics molecular heterogeneity prostate cancer sequencing serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazaltype 1 SPOP tumor profiling

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为测试防空武器而研制的脱靶距离检测雷达(MIDI)

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火力与指挥控制 1981年第3期 79-88页

作者： Charles e.french 张祥林

多年来,对于发展新的武器系统,国防部已经找到了节约时间和降低成本的方法。在试验和鉴定期间,改善仪器设备及其测试方法,能够大大地节省时间和降低成本,脱靶距离检测雷达就是一个例子。防空武器发展过程中,对火炮和导弹两者,脱靶距离... 详细信息

多年来,对于发展新的武器系统,国防部已经找到了节约时间和降低成本的方法。在试验和鉴定期间,改善仪器设备及其测试方法,能够大大地节省时间和降低成本,脱靶距离检测雷达就是一个例子。防空武器发展过程中,对火炮和导弹两者,脱靶距离矢量的测量是必需的。这是由于在研制、试验和技术鉴定阶段,需

关键词：雷达毫微秒传感器空中目标脱靶距离命中问题波门舷门 MIDI 天线波束防空武器

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ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,and biological activities of Cymbopogon citratus(DC.) Stapf extracts

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2015年第5期13卷 321-337页

作者： christopher e ekpenyong ernest Akpan Azah Nyoh Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Uyo Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Calabar

Cymbopogon citratus is a widely distributed perennial herb belonging to the Poaceae family and has been extensively consumed for its medicinal,cosmetic,and nutritional effects for centuries.A large number of reports have been published describing the pharmacological,biological,and therapeutic actions of this *** this review,we summarized the literatures on related studies(up to January,2014) that highlighted the pharmacologic and biological effects of the major phytochemicals isolated from *** extracts and its essential *** components of the essential oils found in *** have a similar pharmacokinetic properties,including absorption,distribution,metabolism,and *** are quickly absorbed following oral,pulmonary,and dermal *** on the published reports,it can also be inferred that,after absorption from the small intestine,some phytochemicals in *** can undergo oxidation,glucuronidation,sulfation,and/or *** is through urine,feces and/or expired *** biotransformation reactions of *** bioactive constituents are essential for its relatively safe consumption and therapeutic *** data available so far warrant further studies evaluating *** *** pharmacokinetic data in humans would be critical for a better understanding of the the systemic handling of ***.

关键词： Cymbopogon citratus stapf Phytochemistry Pharmacological effects

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The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in fish swimming

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 475-488页

作者： christopher e. OUFIeRO Katrina R. WHITLOW Department of Biological Sciences Towson University Towson MD 21252 USA

Fish have a remarkable amount of variation in their swimming performance, from within species dif- ferences to diversity among major taxonomic groups. Fish swimming is a complex, integrative phenotype and has the ability to plastically respond to a myriad of environmental changes. The plasticity of fish swimming has been observed on whole-organismal traits such as burst speed or critical swimming speed, as well as underlying phenotypes such as muscle fiber types, kinematics, cardiovascular system, and neuronal processes. Whether the plastic responses of fish swimming are beneficial seems to depend on the environmental variable that is changing. For example, because of the effects of temperature on biochemical processes, alterations of fish swimming in response to tem- perature do not seem to be beneficial. In contrast, changes in fish swimming in response to variation in flow may benefit the fish to maintain position in the water column. In this paper, we examine how this plasticity in fish swimming might evolve, focusing on environmental variables that have received the most attention： temperature, habitat, dissolved oxygen, and carbon dioxide variation. Using examples from previous research, we highlight many of the ways fish swimming can plastic- ally respond to environmental variation and discuss potential avenues of future research aimed at understanding how plasticity of fish swimming might evolve. We consider the direct and indirect ef- fects of environmental variation on swimming performance, including changes in swimming kine- matics and suborganismal traits thought to predict swimming performance. We also discuss the role of the evolution of plasticity in shaping macroevolutionary patterns of diversity in fish swimming.

关键词： environmental variation evolution fish phenotypic plasticity swimming kinematics swimming performance.

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Understanding development and ripening of fruit crops in an‘omics’ era

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 157-166页

作者： Nigel e Gapper James J Giovannoni christopher B Watkins Department of Horticulture Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Plant Soiland Nutrition LaboratoryUS Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research ServiceIthacaNY 14853USA

Next generation sequencing has revolutionized plant *** only has our understanding of plant metabolism advanced using model systems and modern chromatography,but application of‘omics’-based technology has been widely extended to non-model systems as costs have plummeted and efficiency *** a result,important fundamental questions relating to important horticultural crops are being answered,and novel approaches with application to industry are in *** we review recent research advances on development and ripening of fruit crops,how next generation sequencing approaches are driving this advance and the emerging future landscape.

关键词： crops driving metabolism

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ABCD^(2) risk score does not predict the presence of cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2017年第2期2卷 41-46页

作者： Mahmud Saedon Charles e Hutchinson christopher H e Imray Donald R J Singer Warwick Medical School University of WarwickCoventryUK University Hospitals Coventry Warwickshire NHS Trust CoventryUK Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine LondonUK Yale School of Medicine New HavenConnecticutUSA

Introduction:ABCD^(2) risk score and cerebral microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler(TCD)have been separately shown to the predict risk of recurrent acute *** studied whether ABCD2 risk score predicts cerebral microemboli in patients with hyper-acute symptomatic carotid artery *** and methods:We studied 206 patients presenting within 2 weeks of transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke and found to have critical carotid artery stenosis(≥50% ).86 patients(age 70±1(SeM:years),58 men,83 Caucasian)had evidence of microemboli;72(84% )of these underwent carotid endarterectomy(CeA).120 patients(age 72±1 years,91 men,113 Caucasian)did not have microemboli detected;102(85% )of these underwent *** were analysed using X2 and Mann–Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)***:140/206(68% :95% CI 61.63 to 74.37)patients with hyper-acute symptomatic critical carotid stenosis had an ABCD2 risk score≥*** was no significant difference in the NICe red flag criterion for early assessment(ABCD^(2) risk score≥4)for patients with cerebral microemboli versus those without microemboli(59/86 vs 81/120 patients:OR 1.05 ABCD2 risk score≥4(95% CI 0.58 to 1.90,p=0.867)).The ABCD2 risk score wasembolising patients and in 39 of 120(31% :95% CI 23 to 39)without cerebral *** adjusting for pre-neurological event antiplatelet treatment(APT),area under the curve(AUC)of ROC for ABCD2 risk score showed no prediction of cerebral microemboli(no pre-event APT,n=57:AUC 0.45(95% CI 0.29 to 0.60,p=0.531);preevent APT,n=147:AUC 0.51(95% CI 0.42 to 0.60,p=0.804)).Conclusions:The ABCD2 score did not predict the presence of cerebral microemboli or carotid disease in over one-quarter of patients with symptomatic critical carotid artery *** the basis of NICe guidelines(refer early if ABCD2≥4),assessment of high stroke risk based on ABCD2 scoring may lead to inappropriate delay in urgent treat

关键词： patients cerebral emboli

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Beyond the RPA and GW methods with adiabatic xc-kernels for accurate ground state and quasiparticle energies

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 202-224页

作者： Thomas Olsen christopher e.Patrick Jefferson e.Bates Adrienn Ruzsinszky Kristian S.Thygesen Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design(CAMD) Department of PhysicsTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark Department of Physics University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK A.R.Smith Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28607USA Department of Physics Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA Center for Nanostructured Graphene(CNG) Department of PhysicsTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark

We review the theory and application of adiabatic exchange–correlation(xc)-kernels for ab initio calculations of ground state energies and quasiparticle excitations within the frameworks of the adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem and Hedin’s equations,*** different xc-kernels,which are all rooted in the homogeneous electron gas,are introduced but hereafter we focus on the specific class of renormalized adiabatic kernels,in particular the rALDA and *** kernels drastically improve the description of short-range correlations as compared to the random phase approximation(RPA),resulting in significantly better correlation *** effect greatly reduces the reliance on error cancellations,which is essential in RPA,and systematically improves covalent bond energies while preserving the good performance of the RPA for dispersive *** quasiparticle energies,the xc-kernels account for vertex corrections that are missing in the GW *** this context,we show that the short-range correlations mainly correct the absolute band positions while the band gap is less affected in agreement with the known good performance of GW for the *** renormalized xc-kernels offer a rigorous extension of the RPA and GW methods with clear improvements in terms of accuracy at little extra computational cost.

关键词： adiabatic kernels quasi

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