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Cardiovascular System Mortalities in Nigeria;Case Study of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital

World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第12期9卷 867-878页

作者： christopher chinedu obiorah obiorah Department of Anatomical Pathology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Studies have suggested epidemiological transition in the mortality pattern in Nigeria from communicable to non-communicable diseases of which Diseases of the cardiovascular system (DCVS) is prime. DCVS is?thus a growing public health concern but its mortality profile is under-studied?in Port Harcourt. This study was therefore designed to review the mortality profile of DCVS in Port Harcourt. Methodology: A retrospective case controlled study of deaths ascribed to DCVS at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) between January 2012 and December 2017. The composite diseases were grouped using the ICD10 scheme and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Minitab version 16 was used for trend analysis. Results: Of the overall 1902 deaths recorded within the period, 566 (29.8%) were cardiovascular system related. Of these, 301 (53.3%) were males and 265 (46.7%) were females. The elderly of 50 - 99 years were most commonly affected (65.5% of the mortalities). Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) accounted for 322 deaths (56.9%);various types of shock caused 116 deaths (20.5%) while?congestive cardiac failure (CCF) accounted for 114 deaths (20.1%). Pulmonary?embolism, myocardial infarction, carotid aneurysm, and hypertensive encephalopathy caused 1.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, and 0.2% deaths respectively. Peak annual mortality of 143 (25.3%) was recorded in 2013. Although the trend of mortality was undulating, there was an overall increase in annual incidence over the years.?Conclusion: DCVS constitute the commonest systemic cause?of death in Port Harcourt. Governmental and donor agencies involved in public health policy planning and implementation should scale-up strategies for the prevention and control of DCVS in order to stem the rising tide of associated mortalities.

关键词： Mortality Diseases Cardiovascular System Stroke Port Harcourt Nigeria

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Pre-Androgen Ablation Prostate Cancer Patients Who Bleed Do Well with 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors

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Open Journal of Urology 2018年第6期8卷 184-192页

作者： Vitalis Obisike Ofuru christopher chinedu obiorah Urology Division Department of Surgery University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Anatomical Pathology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Patients with gross haematuria are sometimes found to have prostate cancer after clinical evaluation. The treatment of such haematuria could be very challenging. Use of a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor like dutasteride has been found helpful in bleeding prostate cancer patients if they have not undergone hormonal manipulation before they developed haematuria. Patients and Method: 26 patients with gross haematuria of prostatic origin who had histologic confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate but who have not had chemical or surgical castration were randomized to receive daily dutasteride in addition to vigorous saline irrigation and antibiotics on one arm and vigorous saline irrigation and antibiotics only as control on the other arm. The time taken before haematuria resolved and the amount of irrigation fluid used were noted. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Student’s t-test and Kaplan Meier survival analysis were used to test various variables at 0.5 significant levels. Results: Of the 26 patients 12(46.2%) received 0.5 mg oral dutasteride in addition to saline irrigation while 14 (53.8%) received saline irrigation only. Haematuria stopped in all of 12 (100%) patients on dutasteride arm but on 12 (85.7%) of the 14 patients on the control arm. It took significantly shorter time and lesser volume of irrigation fluid before haematuria resolved in those treated with dutasteride than in those on the control arm. Conclusion: Dutasteride is effective in the control of acute haematuria in pre-androgen ablation prostate cancer patients.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Bleeding 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors

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The Role of Dutasteride in Acute Prostatic Haematuria

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2017年第11期8卷 595-603页

作者： Vitalis Obisike Ofuru christopher chinedu obiorah Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Anatomical Pathology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Dutasteride has been found to reduce chronic prostatic bleeding and when taken 2 - 6 weeks preoperatively reduces bleeding during transurethral prostate resection. The aim of this study is to determine if the drug will be effective in the control of acute gross prostatic haematuria. Patients and Method: 87 Consecutive patients with gross haematuria were enrolled. Clotting Profile, Cystoscopy and Intravenous Urography were done to exclude haematuria from medical, renal and bladder causes. Patients suspected to have prostatic haematuria were further evaluated using serum Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Prostate scan. Those with elevated PSA ≥ 10 ng/ml and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) finding had prostate biopsy. The patients were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups. The control group had Normal saline irrigation and broad spectrum antibiotics while the second group received 0.5 mg oral dutasteride in addition. The time taken and volume of irrigation fluid used before haematuria stopped were noted. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Result: 75 patients had haematuria of prostatic origin. 49 (65.3%) of these had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 26 (34.7%) had cancer of prostate. 25(51%) of the 49 patients with BPH had Normal saline irrigation and antibiotics while 24 (49%) had oral dutasteride in addition. 14 (53.8%) of the prostate cancer patients had Normal saline irrigation and antibiotics while 12 (46.2%) had dutasteride in addition. Haematuria resolved in significantly shorter length of time using lesser volume of irrigation fluid in those treated with dutasteride than in those on control arm. Conclusion: Addition of 0.5 mg oral dutasteride daily leads to early resolution of acute prostatic haematuria.

关键词： Dutasteride Acute Prostatic Haematuria

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The Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of Welded and Unwelded Medium Carbon Steel in Sodium Chloride(Nacl)Solutions

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Journal of Metallic Material Research 2020年第2期3卷 1-16页

作者： Cyril Ocheri Hebert A.obiorah Romanus Egwuonwu Njoku Nnaemeka Anthony Urama Joseph Babalola Agboola christopher Nwankwo Mbah Johnson NwaemezieEzeanyanwu Chikezie Walter Onyia Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of NigeriaNsukka Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of TechnologyMinnaNiger State Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Enugu State University of Science and TechnologyEnugu

The research work was based on the study of the corrosion behaviour of the welded and un-welded medium carbon steel in sodium chloride *** Sodium chloride solutions used are 1ml,2ml,3ml and 4ml for both welded and un-welded medium carbon steel in *** experiments were conducted in two ways,the weight loss analyses of measurements and using the electrochemical analyzer workstation to determine the potential dynamic of the *** samples for the weight loss measurements were prepared from rolled products obtained at the foundry *** medium carbon steel materials were sourced with different chemical compositions as sample A and *** materials were prepared to accommodate the experiments for the determination of welded and un-welded medium carbon steel.A total of sixty-eight(68)samples were produced,prepared and used for the weight loss measurements/analyses the ***-four of the samples each were prepared for both the welded and un-welded *** the samples were produced and prepared through the use of various machining processes with the use of a lathe machine for planning,***-four(34)of the sample preparation were further welded in readiness of the ***-eight breakers were sourced for and ***(10)other samples were used for the determination with the use of the electrochemical *** chemical compositions of the medium carbon steel were determined with the use of SPECTRO Analytical Instruments.A metallurgical inverted optical microscope was used to determine the microstructures of the *** Scanning Electron Microscopy with EDS was used to determine the morphologies of the *** thirty-four of the samples were welded this process was performed to determine the effects of welding on the material surrounding the *** materials were made into sizes with the use of power hacksaw(i.e.2cm by 2cm).Other materials were prepared to 1cm x 1cm thickness from the same mater

关键词： Corrosion behaviour Welded Un-welded Medium carbon steel Sodium chloride solution

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