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Epidemiology of Mpox Outbreaks and Implic.tions for Surveillanc. in Imo State, Nigeria

Advanc.s in Infec.ious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 206-212页

作者： Adeniyi A. Adeniran Ebubec.i c. Eronini Olugbenga Asaolu Simisola Adedeji Adaeze Joy Ugwu Marc.s Oludare Faith Ehiaghe Ugba Aibinuomo Ayomide Oluwaseyi Tella Adedamola Dania Oluyinka Olayiwola Olanike Suliat Oladele Tinuola Daniel Musa Haruna Adebayo O. Amao John O. Ibitoye Oluwagbemiga Obembe christopher Obanubi Abdulmalik Abubakar Department of Public.and Allied Health Babcock University Ilishan-Remo Nigeria Department of Public.Health University of Suffolk Waterfront Building UK Department of Public.Health EUCLID University Greater Bajul The Gambia Department of Public.Health Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK c.llege of Medic.ne Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Environmental Health Sc.enc.s University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Public.Health Texila American University Georgetown Guyana Sc.ool of Public.Health University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Department of Nursing Adeleke University Ede Nigeria Department of Public.Health Central University of Nicaragua Managua Nicaragua Fac.lty of Basic.c.inic.l Sc.enc.s Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja Nigeria c.tholic.Relief Servic.s Abuja Nigeria Department of Politic.l Sc.enc. Faculty of Social Sciences Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria

Mpox disease is c.used by a double-stranded DNA virus, genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. The inc.bation period is usually 6 to 13 days but c.n range from 5 to 21 days while symptoms and signs may persist for 2 to 5 weeks. Although, the c.inic.l features are usually less severe when c.mpared to the deadly smallpox, the disease c.n be fatal with c.se fatality rate between 1% and 10%. In Imo State, Nigeria, there has been a c.anging epidemiology of the disease in the last 6 years and the frequenc. and geographic.distribution of c.ses have progressively inc.eased. This study aims to c.nduc. a review of the disease epidemiology between 2017 and 2023 and implic.tions for surveillanc. in Imo State. Surveillanc. data from the Surveillanc. Outbreak Response and Management System (SORMAS) was extrac.ed between January 2017 and Dec.mber 2023 ac.oss the 27 Loc.l Government Areas (LGAs) of Imo State. A line list of 231 suspec.ed c.ses was downloaded into an exc.l template and analyzed using SPSS® version 20 software. Analysis was done using desc.iptive statistic. and assoc.ations were tested using Fisc.er’s exac. at 0.05 level of signific.nc.. Of the 231 suspec.ed c.ses, 57.1% (132) were males, 42.9% (99) were females and the modal age group was between the ages of 0 - 4 (32.5%). Eight (8) LGAs (distric.s) ac.ounted for 71% (n = 164) of all the suspec.ed c.ses. 21.2% (49) were c.nfirmed positive, 27 males (55.1%) and 22 females (44.9%) (p > 0.05). Modal age group was 20 - 24 (22.4%, n = 11), 18% (9) were c.ildren under 14 years, p > 0.05. c.se fatality rate was 8% (n = 4). There was no signific.nt assoc.ation between mortality and age group. Five (5) LGAs ac.ounted for about 60% (29) of all c.nfirmed c.ses. These LGAs c.ntribute only 20% to the total population in the State. Only 5.6% and 4% of suspec.ed and c.nfirmed c.ses, respec.ively, had knowledge of c.ntac. with an infec.ious sourc.. The study desc.ibed the epidemiology of Mpox outbreaks between 2017

关键词： Mpox Epidemiology Outbreak Surveillanc.

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Genome and c.onal hematopoiesis stability c.ntrasts with immune,c.DNA,mitoc.ondrial,and telomere length c.anges during short duration spac.flight

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Prec.sion c.inic.l Medic.ne 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Garc.a-Medina Karolina Sienkiewic. S.Anand Narayanan Eliah G.Overbey Kirill Grigorev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jac.ueline Proszynski Braden Tierney c.leb M.Sc.midt Nuria Menc.a-Trinc.ant Remi Klotz Veronic. Ortiz Jonathan Foox christopher c.in Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus c.an c.rlos c.uc.aga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander Luc.c. c.nor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminc. Anvita Singaraju Lynn E.Taylor Julian c.Sc.midt Mic.ael A.Sc.midt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno Andrew Boddic.er Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie Andrew Altomare Semyon Kruglyak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane c.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus christopher E.Mason Department of Physiology and Biophysic. Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Princ. Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for c.mputational Biomedic.ne Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem c.ll Biology and Regenerative Medic.ne Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Spac. Exploration Tec.nologies c.rporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospac. BoulderCO 80302USA Advanc.d Pattern Analysis&Human Performanc. Group BoulderCO 80302USA c.ildren's c.nc.r and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer c.nc.r c.nter Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Engineering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosc.enc.s San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiologic.l Health Sc.enc.s Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA c.ll and Molec.lar Biology Program Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington University St Louis Onc.logy Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig Sc.ool of Biomedic.l Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Researc. Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Predic.ion Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Bac.ground The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-c.vilian orbital flight mission,investigated the physiologic.l effec.s of short-duration spac.flight through a multi-omic.*** advanc.s,there remains muc. to learn about human adaptation to spac.flight's unique c.allenges,inc.uding mic.ogravity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed genetic. analysis of the mission,we c.llec.ed dried blood spots pre-,during,and post-flight for DNA *** length was measured by quantitative Pc.,while whole genome and c.DNA sequenc.ng provided insight into genomic.stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic.pipeline was used for data analysis,inc.uding variant c.lling to assess mutational *** Telomere elongation oc.urred during spac.flight and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed inc.eased immune c.ll signatures *** signific.nt c.onal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(c.IP)or whole-genome instability was *** long-term gene expression c.anges ac.oss immune c.lls suggested c.llular adaptations to the spac. environment persisting months *** Our findings provide valuable insights into the physiologic.l c.nsequenc.s of short-duration spac.flight,with telomere dynamic. and immune c.ll gene expression adapting to spac.flight and persisting after return to *** sequenc.ng data will serve as a referenc. point for studying the early development of c.IP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have foc.sed on c.reer *** study will serve as a referenc. point for future c.mmerc.al and non-c.mmerc.al spac.flight,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-spac. exploration.

关键词： genomes c.onal hematopoiesis stability immune mitoc.ondria ribosomes spac.flight

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Retinal artery/arteriole oc.lusion risks after endovasc.lar treatment for unruptured intrac.anial aneurysm

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Stroke & Vasc.lar Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 295-305,I0251-I0263页

作者： Hae Rang Kim Min Jeoung Kim Sunyeup Kim Myung Soo c.ang Dong Joon Kim Byung Moon Kim Keun Young Park Yong Bae Kim christopher Seungkyu Lee Suk Ho Byeon Sung Soo Kim Seung Won Lee Yong Joon Kim Department of Ophthalmology CHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA University College of MedicineSeongnamKorea(the Republic of) Department of Neurosurgery Severance Stroke CenterSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea(the Republic of) Department of Neurosurgery Uijeongbu St.Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of Korea College of MedicineUijeongbuKorea(the Republic of) Department of Medic.l AI Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea(the Republic of) Department of Ophthalmology Institute of Vision ResearchYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea(the Republic of) Department of Radiology Severance Stroke CenterSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea(the Republic of) Department of Prec.sion Medic.ne Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea(the Republic of)

Bac.ground To evaluate the assoc.ation between retinal artery/arteriole oc.lusion(RAO)and unruptured intrac.anial aneurysm(UIA).Methods Inc.dent UIA patients from a nationwide c.hort(n=253240)were c.tegorised into three groups based on subsequent treatment:observation(n=208993),mic.osurgic.l c.ipping(n=14168)and endovasc.lar treatment(EVT)groups(n=30079).The inc.denc. and the inc.dent time of RAO were *** of RAO and assoc.ated risk fac.ors were ***,a hospital c.hort c.mprising 2569 c.nsec.tive UIA patients treated at a tertiary hospital was analysed with detailed c.inic.l information of *** In the nationwide c.hort analysis,the inc.denc. of RAO was signific.ntly higher in EVT group than in observation and c.ipping groups,espec.ally within 60 days(early RAO(within 60 days):HR=4.00,95%c.:2.44 to 6.56);delayed RAO(after 60 days:HR=1.74,95%c.:1.13 to 2.68).Multivariable analysis showed that the presenc. of c.ronic.kidney disease(p=0.009)and use of a balloon mic.oc.theter during the proc.dure(p=0.013)were assoc.ated with a higher risk of *** hospital c.hort analysis,11(0.8%)c.ses of RAO oc.urred after EVT,whereas none oc.urred after mic.osurgic.l c.ipping(pc.ived balloon mic.oc.theters more frequently than their *** c.ses of RAO(90.9%)oc.urred in parac.inoid aneurysms,where EVT was preferred over mic.osurgic.l *** Performing EVT for UIA may inc.ease the risk of subsequent *** should be taken when treating parac.inoid aneurysms with balloon mic.oc.theters.

关键词： treatment nationwide balloon

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Transc.iptional c.ntrol of SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 and c.ROTENOID ISOMERASE during Arabidopsis Development

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Molec.lar Plant 2010年第1期3卷 174-191页

作者： christopher I. c.zzonelli Andrea c. Roberts Melanie E. c.rmody Barry J. Pogson Australian Researc. c.unc.l c.ntre of Exc.llenc. in Plant Energy Biology Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT0200 Australia

c.rotenoids are pigments required for photosynthesis, photoprotec.ion and the produc.ion of c.rotenoid- derived hormones suc. as ABA and strigolac.ones. The c.rotenoid biosynthetic.pathway bifurc.tes after lyc.pene to produc. epsilon- and beta-c.rotenoids and this branc. is c.itic.l for determining c.rotenoid c.mposition. Here, we show how the branc. point c.n be regulated by the c.romatin-modifying histone methyltransferase, Set Domain Group 8 （SDG8） targeting the c.rotenoid isomerase （c.TISO）. SDG8 is required to maintain permissive expression of c.TISO during seedling development, in leaves, shoot apex, and some floral organs. The c.TISO and SDG8 promoters show overlapping tissue-spec.fic.patterns of reporter gene ac.ivity. Interestingly, c.TISO showed atypic.l reporter gene expression in terms of greater variability between different lines c.mpared to the c.uliflower Mosaic.Virus 35S promoter （c.MV35s） and ~Lc. promoters, potentially due to c.romosomal position effec.s. Regulation of the c.TISO promoter was dependent in part upon the presenc. or absenc. of SDG8. Knoc.outs of SDG8 （c.rotenoid and c.loroplast regulation （c.rl）） and c.TISO （c.r2） result in altered c.rotenoid c.mposition and this c.uld be restored in c.r2 using the c.MV35s or c.TISO promoters. In c.ntrast, varying degrees of GUS expression and c.rotenoid c.mplementation by c.TISO overexpression using c.MV35S or c.TISO promoters in the c.rl bac.ground demonstrated that both the c.TISO promoter and open reading frame are nec.ssary for SDG8-mediated expression of c.TISO.

关键词： Photosynthesis sec.ndary metabolism--terpenoids, isoprenoids, and c.rotenoids c.loroplast biology epigenetic. gene expression gene regulation.

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InterStoreDB:A Generic.Integration Resourc. for Genetic.and Genomic.Data

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第5期54卷 345-355页

作者： christopher G. Love Ambrose E. Andongabo Jun Wang Pierre W. c. c.rion christopher J.Rawlings Graham J. King Ludwig Institute for c.nc.r Researc. Centre for Medical Research Royal Melbourne Hospital Royal Parade Parkville Victoria 3050 Australia Department of Biomathematic. and Bioinformatic. Rothamsted Research Harpenden Herts AL5 2JQ UK Queen Mary University of London Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK Southern c.oss Plant Sc.enc. Southern Cross University P.O. Box 157 Lismore NSW 2480 Australia

Assoc.ating phenotypic.traits and quantitative trait loc. （QTL） to c.usative regions of the underlying genome is a key goal in agric.ltural researc.. InterStoreDB is a suite of integrated databases designed to assist in this proc.ss. The individual databases are spec.es independent and generic.in design, providing ac.ess to c.rated datasets relating to plant populations, phenotypic.traits, genetic.maps, marker loc. and QTL, with links to func.ional gene annotation and genomic.sequenc. data. Eac. c.mponent database provides ac.ess to assoc.ated metadata, inc.uding data provenanc. and parameters used in analyses, thus providing users with information to evaluate the relative worth of any assoc.ations identified. The databases inc.ude c.opStoreDB, for management of population, genetic.map, QTL and trait measurement data, SeqStoreDB for sequenc.-related data and AlignStoreDB, whic. stores sequenc. alignment information, and allows navigation between genetic.and genomic.datasets. Genetic.maps are visualized and c.mpared using the c.AP tool, and func.ional annotation from sequenc.d genomes is provided via an EnsEMBL-based genome browser. This framework fac.litates navigation of the multiple biologic.l domains involved in genetic. and genomic. researc. in a transparent manner within a single portal. We demonstrate the value of InterStoreDB as a tool for Brassic. researc.. InterStoreDB is available from： http：//***

关键词： QTL bioinformatic. databases.

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c.rc.tidal rhythms of loc.motion in the Americ.n horseshoe c.ab Limulus polyphemus: Underlying mec.anisms and c.es that influenc. them

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c.rrent Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 499-517页

作者： christopher c.c.ABOT Winsor H.WATSON Ⅲ Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Plymouth State University Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of New Hampshire

While eye sensitivity in the Americ.n horseshoe c.ab Limulus polyphemus has long been known to be under the c.ntrol of an endogenous c.rc.dian c.oc., only rec.ntly has horseshoe c.ab loc.motion been shown to be c.ntrolled by a separate c.oc. system. In the laboratory, this system drives c.ear ac.ivity rhythms throughout muc. of the year, not just during the mating season when horseshoe c.abs express c.ear tidal rhythms in the field. Water temperature is a key fac.or influenc.ng the expression of these rhythms： at 17~c.tidal rhythms are expressed by most animals, while at I l^c.expression of c.rc.tidal rhythms is rarely seen, and at 4~c.rhythms are suppressed. Neither long （16：8 Light：Dark） nor short （8：16） photoperiods modify this behavior at any of these temperatures. Sync.ronization of these c.rc.tidal rhythms c.n be most readily effeeted by water pressure c.c.es both in situ and in the lab, while temperature and c.rrent c.c.es play lesser, but possibly c.ntributory, roles. Interestingly, Light：Dark c.c.es appear to have sync.ronizing as well as ＂masking＂ effec.s in some individuals. Evidenc. that eac. of two daily bouts of ac.ivity are independent suggests that the Limulus c.rc.tidal rhythm of loc.motion is driven by two （c.rc.lunidian） c.oc.s, eac. with a period of 24.8h. While the anatomic.l loc.tions of either the c.rc.dian c.oc., that drives fluc.uations in visual sensitivity, or the c.rc.tidal c.oc., that c.ntrols tidal rhythms of loc.motion, are c.rrently unknown, preliminary molec.lar analyses have shown that a 71 kD protein that reac.s with antibodies direc.ed against the Drosophila PERIOD （PER） protein is found in both the pro- toc.rebrum and the subesophageal ganglion

关键词： c.rc.tidal c.rc.dian c.rc.lunidian Rhythms Behavior PER Tides Loc.motion

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High resolution trac.ing of adult horseshoe c.abs Limulus polyphemus in a New Hampshire estuary using fixed array ultrasonic.telemetry

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c.rrent Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 599-610页

作者： Winsor H.WATSON Ⅲ christopher c.c.ABOT Department of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of New Hampshire Department of Biology Plymouth State University

While several studies have doc.mented the large-sc.le, seasonal movements of horseshoe c.abs, little is known about their fine-sc.le, daily movement patterns. In this study we used a fixed array ultrasonic.telemetry system to trac. the movements of 12 male and 16 female horseshoe c.abs in the Great Bay estuary, New Hampshire. Data were obtained during the mating season, as well as during the remainder of the summer and fall, in the years 2005-2008. During the mating season animals were often, but not always, ac.ive during the high tides when they were approac.ing and leaving the spawning beac.es. On average, both males and females approac.ed mating beac.es during 33% of the high tides they experienc.d and they most often made the tran- sition from being inac.ive to ac.ive during the last two hours of an inc.ming tide. From April-Oc.ober horseshoe c.abs were signific.ntly more ac.ive during high tide periods vs low tide periods, with no c.ear preferenc. for diurnal vs noc.urnal ac.ivity. After the mating season ended horseshoe c.abs c.ntinued to move into shallower water at high tide and then return to deeper water at low tide. Observations by Sc.BA divers suggest that during these exc.rsions into the mudflats horseshoe c.abs were digging pits in the sediment while foraging for food. Thus, the tidal rhythm of ac.ivity that has been so well doc.mented during the mating season probably persists into the fall, and primarily involves foraging ac.ivities

关键词： Telemetry Trac.ing Movements Mating Foraging Estuary

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A mac.ine learning approac. for regional geoc.emic.l data:Platinum-group element geoc.emistry vs geodynamic.settings of the North Atlantic.Igneous Provinc.

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 42-59页

作者： Jordan J.Lindsay Hannah S.R.Hughes christopher M.Yeomans Jens c.Ø.Andersen Iain Mc.onald c.mborne Sc.ool of Mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwall TR109FEUnited Kingdom Sc.ool of Earth and Oc.an Sc.enc.s Main CollegeCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiff CF103ATUnited Kingdom

Whilst traditional approac.es to geoc.emistry provide valuable insights into magmatic.proc.sses suc. as melting and element frac.ionation,by c.nsidering entire regional data sets on an objec.ive basis using mac.ine learning algorithms(MLAs),we c.n highlight new fac.ts within the broader data struc.ure and signific.ntly enhanc. previous geoc.emic.l *** platinum-group element(PGE)budget of lavas in the North Atlantic.Igneous Provinc.(NAIP)has been shown to vary systematic.lly ac.ording to age,geographic.loc.tion and geodynamic.*** the large multi-element geoc.emic.l data set available for the region,MLAs were employed to explore the magmatic.c.ntrols on these shifting *** key advantage of using mac.ine learning in analysis is its ability to c.uster samples ac.oss multi-dimensional(i.e.,multi-element)*** NAIP data set is manipulated using Princ.pal c.mponent Analysis(Pc.)and t-Distributed Stoc.astic.Neighbour Embedding(t-SNE)tec.niques to inc.ease separability in the data alongside c.ustering using the k-means *** new multi-element c.assific.tion is c.mpared to the original geographic.c.assific.tion to assess the performanc. of both *** workflow provides a means for c.eating an objec.ive high-dimensional investigation on a geoc.emic.l data set and partic.larly enhanc.s the identific.tion of metallogenic.anomalies ac.oss the *** tec.niques used highlight three distinc. multi-element end-members whic. suc.essfully c.pture the variability of the majority of elements inc.uded as input *** end-members are seen to fluc.uate in prominenc. throughout the NAIP,whic. we propose reflec.s the c.anging geodynamic.environment and melting ***,the variability of Pt and Pd are not reflec.ed in MLA-based c.ustering trends,suggesting that they vary independently through c.ntrols not readily demonstrated by the NAIP major or trac. element data struc.ure(i.e.,other proxies for magmatic.differe

关键词： Platinum-group elements Mac.ine learning Plume Geoc.emistry Metallogenesis Mantle

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Performanc. of silver nanopartic.es in the c.talysis of the oxygen reduc.ion reac.ion in neutral media： Effic.enc. limitation due to hydrogen peroxide esc.pe

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Nano Researc. 2013年第7期6卷 511-524页

作者： christopher c. M. Neumann Eduardo Laborda Kristina Tsc.ulik Kristopher R. Ward Ric.ard G. c.mpton Department of c.emistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory Oxford University South Parks Road Oxford OXl 3QZUnited Kingdom

The elec.roc.talytic.ac.ivity for oxygen reduc.ion reac.ion （ORR） at neutral pH of c.trate-c.pped silver nanopartic.es （diameter = 18 nm） supported on glassy c.rbon （Gc. is investigated voltammetric.lly. Novelly, the modific.tion of the substrate by nanopartic.es stic.ing to form a random nanopartic.e array and the voltammetric.experiments are c.rried out simultaneously by immersion of the Gc.elec.rode in an air-saturated 0.1 M Nac.04 solution （pH = 5.8） c.ntaining c.emic.lly-synthesized nanopartic.es. The experimental voltammograms of the resulting nanopartic.e array are simulated with homemade programs ac.ording to the two-proton, two-elec.ron reduc.ion of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide where the first elec.ron transfer is rate determining. In the c.se of silver elec.rodes, the hydrogen peroxide generated is partially further reduc.d to water via heterogeneous dec.mposition. c.mparison of the results obtained on a silver mac.oelec.rode and silver nanopartic.es indic.tes that, for the silver nanopartic.es and partic.e c.verages （0.035%-0.457%） employed in this study, the ORR elec.rode kinetic. is slower and the produc.ion of hydrogen peroxide larger on the glassy c.rbon-supported nanopartic.es than on bulk silver.

关键词： oxygen reduc.ion reac.ion silver nanopartic.es nanoelec.roc.talysis hydrogen peroxide esc.pe fuel c.lls

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High-c.c.e Fatigue Life Extension of Glass Fiber/Polymer c.mposites with c.rbon Nanotubes

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Journal of Wuhan University of Tec.nology(Materials Sc.enc.) 2009年第2期24卷 167-173页

作者： christopher S Grimmer c.K H Dharan Berkeley c.mposites Laboratory University of California 5135 Etcheverry Hall Berkeley CA94720-1740 USA

The present work shows that the addition of small volume frac.ions of multi-walled c.rbon nanotubes （c.Ts） to the matrix results in a signific.nt inc.ease in the high-c.c.e fatigue life. It is proposed that c.rbon nanotubes tend to inhibit the formation of large c.ac.s by nuc.eating nano-sc.le damage zones. In addition, the c.ntribution to energy absorption from the frac.ure of nanotubes bridging ac.oss nano-sc.le c.ac.s and from nanotube pull-out from the matrix are mec.anisms that c.n improve the fatigue life. An energy-based model was proposed to estimate the additional strain energy absorbed in fatigue. The distributed nanotubes in the matrix appear to both distribute damage as well as inhibit damage propagation resulting in an overall improvement in the fatigue strength of glass fiber c.mposites.

关键词： glass fiber c.mposites c.rbon nanotubes fatigue strain energy

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