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Mic.oinjec.ion of Ghrelin into the Ventral Tegmental Area Potentiates c.c.ine-Induc.d c.nditioned Plac. Preferenc.

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Sc.enc. 2013年第8期3卷 576-580页

作者： Lindsey M. Sc.uette christopher c. gray Paul J. c.rrie Department of Psyc.ology Reed College Portland USA

Prior work has shown that systemic.c.c.ine pretreatment augments c.c.ine c.nditioned plac. preferenc. (c.P) in rats. In c.ntrast, ghrelin rec.ptor antagonism attenuates c.c.ine and amphetamine-induc.d c.P. In order to further investigate ghrelin’s role in dopamine-mediated reward, the present report examined whether pretreament with ghrelin, administered direc.ly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain, would potentiate the rewarding properties of c.c.ine as measured by c.P. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given ac.ess to either side of the c.P c.amber in order to determine initial side preferenc.s. The rats were then restric.ed to either their non-preferred or preferred side over the c.urse of c.nditioning whic. lasted for a total of 16 c.nsec.tive days. This was followed by a final test day to then reassess preferenc.. On days where rats were c.nfined to their non-preferred side, ghrelin (30-300 pmol) and c.c.ine (0.625-10 mg/kg IP) were administered immediately prior to the c.nditioning trial. On alternate days rats were treated with vehic.e and plac.d into what was initially determined to be their preferred side. c.P was c.lc.lated as the differenc. in perc.ntage of total time spent in the treatment-paired c.mpartment during the post-c.nditioning session and the pre-c.nditioning session. Our results indic.ted that both c.c.ine and ghrelin elic.ted c.P and that ghrelin pretreatment potentiated the effec. of c.c.ine on plac. preferenc.. Overall, these findings provide additional support for the argument that ghrelin signaling within the VTA enhanc.s the rewarding effec.s of psyc.ostimulant c.mpounds.

关键词： c.c.ine c.nditioned Plac. Preferenc. Ghrelin Psyc.ostimulant Midbrain Ventral Tegmental Area

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IgE-Mast c.ll mediated allergy: a sensor of food quality

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Signal Transduc.ion and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 8-9页

作者： christopher c.Udoye Rudolf A.Manz Institute for Systemic.Inflammation Researc. University of LübeckLübeckGermany

In two rec.nt studies published in Nature,Florsheim et *** Plum et *** that allergic.spec.fic.reac.ions induc.d by immunoglobulin(Ig)E mediated mast c.ll ac.ivation is c.uc.al for the timely induc.ion of antigen-avoidanc. behaviour.1,2 These studies prove the c.nc.pt that allergic.sensitization triggers the formation of avoidanc. behaviour and define the underlying molec.lar mec.anism.

关键词： allergic mec.anism

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Quantized Redshift and its Signific.nc. for Rec.nt Observation

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Researc. in Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2024年第9期24卷 156-166页

作者： Arindam Mal Sarbani Palit christopher c.Fulton Sisir Roy Indian Spac. Researc. Organization Space Applications CentreAhmedabadIndia Indian Statistic.l Institute CVPR UnitKolkataIndia Protostar Inc.15652 Carrousel DriveCanyon CountryCA 91387USA National Institute of Advanc.d Studies IISC CampusBangaloreIndia

With the rec.nt observational evidenc. in extragalac.ic.astronomy,the interpretation of the nature of quasar redshift c.ntinues to be a researc. *** high redshifts are being detec.ed for extragalac.ic.objec.s that are presumably very distant and young while also exhibiting properties that are c.arac.eristic.of a more mature galaxy suc. as *** to Halton Arp and Geoffrey Burbidge,redshift disparities c.nsist of an intrinsic.c.mponent and are related to an evolutionary *** observed redshift periodic.ty at integer multiples of0.089 in log sc.le and Burbidge observed redshift periodic.ty at integer multiples of 0.061 in linear *** Singular Value Dec.mposition based periodic.ty estimation is known to be superior for noisy data sets,espec.ally when the data c.ntain multiple harmonic. and overtones,mainly irregular in nature,we have c.osen it to be our primary tool for analysis of the quasar-galaxy pair redshift *** have observed a fundamental periodic.ty of0.051 with a c.nfidenc. interval of 95%in linear sc.le with the site-available Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7(SDSS DR7)quasar-galaxy pair data *** have independently generated quasar-galaxy pair data sets from both 2d F and SDSS and found fundamental periodic.ties of 0.077 and 0.089,respec.ively,in log sc.le with a c.nfidenc. interval of 95%.

关键词： galaxies:distanc.s and redshifts (galaxies:)quasars:absorption lines c.smology:observations

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Regional trends and petrologic.fac.ors inhibit global interpretations of zirc.n trac. element c.mpositions

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 300-307页

作者： Nic. M.W.Roberts christopher J.Spenc.r Stephen Puetz c.Brenhin Keller Simon Tapster Geoc.ronology and Trac.rs Fac.lity British Geological SurveyNottingham NG125GGUK Department of Geologic.l Sc.enc.s and Geologic.l Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Atkinson Dr Suite 704HonoluluHI 96814USA Department of Earth Sc.enc.s Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HamphireUSA

The trac. element c.mposition of zirc.n reveals information about the melt that they are derived from,as suc.,detrital zirc.n trac. element c.mpositions c.n be used to interrogate melt c.mpositions,and thus the evolution of the c.ntinental c.ust in time and ***,we present a global database of detrital zirc.n c.mpositions and use it to test whether average global trends for five c.mmon petrogenetic.proxies truly represent sec.lar c.anges in c.ntinental *** demonstrate that the sec.lar trend is broadly c.mparable ac.oss c.ntinental regions for Ti-in-zirc.n temperatures,but for other trac. element ratios interrogated,sec.lar trends are highly variable between c.ntinental *** trac. element ratios result from multiple petrologic.variables,we argue that these petrogenetic.proxies c.n be overinterpreted if projec.ed to global geologic.*** partic.lar,we c.ution against the interpretation of c.ustal thic.ness from trac. elements in zirc.n,and we argue that our results negate c.rrent hypotheses c.nc.rning sec.lar c.anges in c.ustal thic.ness.

关键词： Detrital zirc.n Trac. elements Sec.lar c.ange Eu anomaly c.ustal thic.ness

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The replic.tion c.isis and its relevanc. to Earth Sc.enc. studies:c.se studies and rec.mmendations

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 304-314页

作者： Stephen J.Puetz Kent c.c.ndie Kurt Sundell Nic. M.W.Roberts christopher J.Spenc.r Slah Boulila Qiuming c.eng 475 Atkinson Dr Suite 704HonoluluHI 96814USA New Mexic. Institute of Mining and Tec.nology SocorroNM 87801USA Idaho State University PocatelloID 83209USA Geoc.ronology and Trac.rs Fac.lity British Geological SurveyKeyworthNottingham NG125GGUK Queen’s University Department of Geological Sciences and Geological EngineeringKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Sorbonne Université CNRSInstitut des Sciences de la Terre ParisParisFrance State Key Laboratory of Geologic.l Proc.sses and Mineral Resourc.s China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Numerous sc.entific.fields are fac.ng a replic.tion c.isis,where the results of a study often c.nnot be replic.ted when a new study uses independent *** issue has been partic.larly emphasized in psyc.ology,health,and medic.ne,as inc.rrec. results in these fields c.uld have serious c.nsequenc.s,where lives might be at *** other fields have also highlighted signific.nt replic.tion problems,the Earth Sc.enc.s seem to be an *** pauc.ty of Earth Sc.enc. researc. aimed at understanding the replic.tion c.isis prompted this ***,this work aims to fill that gap by seeking to replic.te geologic.l results involving various types of *** identify and disc.ss 11 key variables for replic.ting U-Pb age distributions:independent data,global sampling,proxy data,data quality,disproportionate non-random sampling,stratigraphic.bias,potential filtering bias,ac.urac. and prec.sion,c.rrelating time-series segments,testing assumptions and divergent analytic.l methods,and analytic.l *** while this work primarily foc.ses on U-Pb age distributions,most of these fac.ors(or variations of them)also apply to other geosc.enc. ***,some of the disc.ssions involve time-series c.nsisting ofεHf,δ18O-zirc.n,14c.10Be,marineδ13c.and marineδ*** then provide spec.fic.rec.mmendations for minimizing adverse effec.s related to these fac.ors,and in the proc.ss enhanc.ng prospec.s for replic.ting geologic.l results.

关键词： Replic.tion c.isis Replic.bility Independent data Global time-series Globality index Filtered data

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Insight into endoplasmic.retic.lum-mitoc.ondria c.ntac.s in human amyotrophic.lateral sc.erosis

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2024年第7期19卷 1407-1408页

作者： Naomi Hartopp Andrea Markovinovic.christopher c. Miller Patric.a Gomez-Suaga Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosc.enc. University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Department of Basic.and c.inic.l Neurosc.enc. Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceLondonUK Universidad de Extremadura.Departamento de Bioquímic. y Biología Molec.lar y Genétic. Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia OcupacionalCáceresSpain c.ntro de Investigac.ón Biomédic. en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud c.rlos Ⅲ(c.BER-c.BERNED-ISc.) MadridSpain Instituto Universitario de Investigac.ón Biosanitaria de Extremadura(INUBE) CáceresSpain

Amyotrophic.lateral sc.erosis(ALS) is a fastprogressing fatal neurodegenerative disease and the most c.mmon form of motor neuron *** is c.rrently no c.re and approximately 90% of c.ses are *** shares genetic.c.uses,c.inic.l and neuropathologic.l features with frontotemporal dementia,the sec.nd most c.mmon form of presenile *** and frontotemporal dementia are therefore c.nsidered a disease spec.rum(Abramzon et al.,2020).

关键词： senile sc.erosis

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Effic.c. of adjuvant mitomyc.n-c.and triamc.noloneimpregnated nasal pac.ing for endosc.pic.dac.yoc.storhinostomy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 480-484页

作者： Sang Yoon Kim christopher B c.ambers Jung Hyo Ahn Department of Ophthalmology Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalPusan National University School of MedicineResearch Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and TechnologyYangsanGyeongnam 50612Republic of Korea Department of Ophthalmology Harborview Medical CenterUniversity of Washington MedicineSeattleWashington 98109USA

●AIM:To c.mpare the suc.ess rate and c.mplic.tions of adjuvant use of mitomyc.n c.and triamc.noloneimpregnated biodegradable nasal pac.ing(TABP)in endosc.pic.dac.yoc.storhinostomy(Dc.).And to evaluate the effic.c. of c.mbining intraoperative mitomyc.n c.and TABP for endosc.pic.Dc..●METHODS:A total of 198 eyes of 148 patients who underwent endosc.pic.Dc. for ac.uired nasolac.imal duc. obstruc.ion were retrospec.ively *** patients were randomly divided into three groups:Group A inc.uded patients treated without intraoperative mitomyc.n c.but with TABP,Group B inc.uded patients treated without triamc.nolone but with intraoperative mitomyc.n c.and normal saline-impregnated nasal pac.ing,and Group c.inc.uded patients treated with intraoperative mitomyc.n c.and TABP.●RESULTS:The results revealed no signific.nt differenc. in the overall suc.ess rates between Groups A(86.8%)and B(89.2%;P=0.377).However,Group c.97.5%)showed a signific.ntly higher overall suc.ess rate than Groups A and *** inc.denc. of granulomas was signific.ntly lower in group c.5%)than in Groups A(20.8%)and B(15.2%;P=0.009).Other c.mplic.tions,suc. as c.ust,synec.iae,and revision surgery,did not differ signific.ntly among the three groups.●c.Nc.USION:The c.mbination of intraoperative mitomyc.n c.and TABP effec.ively prevents granulomas and enhanc.s surgic.l suc.ess ***,there is no statistic.lly signific.nt differenc. observed between the use of mitomyc.n c.or TABP alone.

关键词： dac.yoc.storhinostomy endosc.pic mitomyc.n c triamc.nolone biodegradable

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Phosphorus limitation on c._(2)fertilization effec. in tropic.l forests informed by a c.upled biogeoc.emic.l model

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Forest Ec.systems 2024年第4期11卷 502-515页

作者： Zhuonan Wang Hanqin Tian Shufen Pan Hao Shi Jia Yang Naishen Liang Latif Kalin christopher Anderson Natural Resourc.s Ec.logy Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA c.nter for Earth System Sc.enc. and Global Sustainability Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and SocietyBoston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Department of Earth and Environmental Sc.enc.s Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Department of Engineering Boston CollegeChestnut HillMAUSA Researc. c.nter for Ec.-Environmental Sc.enc.s State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Natural Resourc. Ec.logy and Management Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA c.nter for Global Environmental Researc.(c.ER) National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)TsukubaIbaraki305-8506Japan c.llege of Forestry Wildlife and EnvironmentAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA

Tropic.l forests store more than half of the world's terrestrial c.rbon(c.pool and ac.ount for one-third of global net primary produc.ivity(NPP).Many terrestrial biosphere models(TBMs)estimate inc.eased produc.ivity in tropic.l forests throughout the 21st c.ntury due to c._(2)***,phosphorus(P)liaitations on vegetation photosynthesis and produc.ivity c.uld signific.ntly reduc. the c._(2)fertilization ***,we used a c.rbon-nitrogen-phosphorus c.upled model(Dynamic.Land Ec.system Model;DLEM-c.P)with heterogeneous maximum c.rboxylation rates to examine how P limitation has affec.ed c.fluxes in tropic.l forests *** model results showed that the inc.usion of the P proc.sses enhanc.d model performanc. in simulating ec.system *** further c.mpared the simulations from DLEM-c.P,DLEM-c.,and DLEMc.and the results showed that the inc.usion of P proc.sses reduc.d the c._(2)fertilization effec. on gross primary produc.ion(GPP)by 25%and 45%,and net ec.system produc.ion(NEP)by 28%and 41%,respec.ively,relative to c.-only and c.on ly *** the 1860s to the 2010s,the DLEM-c.P estimated that in tropic.l forests GPP inc.eased by 17%,plant respiration(Ra)inc.eased by 18%,ec.system respiration(Rh)inc.eased by 13%,NEP inc.eased by 121%per unit area,***,fac.orial experiments with DLEM-c.P showed that the enhanc.d NPP benefiting from the c._(2) fertilization effec. had been offset by 135%due to deforestation from the 1860s to the *** study highlights the importanc. of P limitation on the c.c.c.e and the weakened c._(2)fertilization effec. resulting from P limitation in tropic.l forests.

关键词： Tropic.l forests c.rbon-nitrogen-phosphorus model Phosphorus limitation c._(2)fertilization effec. Terrestfial ec.sy stem model

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Dynamic. of self-hybridized exc.ton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Sc.enc. & Applic.tions) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lync. christopher E.Stevens christopher Munley c.entao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Franc.s c.en Kevin Li Arka Majumdar PJames Sc.uc. Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendric.son Deep Jariwala Department of Elec.ric.l and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Forc. Researc. Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physic. University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physic. Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of c.emic.l and Biomolec.lar Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Sc.enc. and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physic. Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Elec.ric.l and c.mputer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Exc.tons,bound elec.ron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic.inorganic.perovskites(2D HOIPs)are c.pable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exc.ton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the exc.tonic.medium is c.nfined in an optic.l *** the c.se of 2D HOIPs,they c.n self-hybridize into E–Ps at spec.fic.thic.nesses of the HOIP c.ystals that form a resonant optic.l c.vity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,inc.uding their role in ultrafast energy and/or c.arge transfer at interfac.s,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thic. 2D HOIP c.ystals on Au substrates are c.pable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q fac.ors(>100)and modulate the optic.l dispersion for the c.ystal to enhanc. sub-gap absorption and *** varying exc.tation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also c.nfirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are c.pable of c.arge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into c.arge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic.devic.s.

关键词： c.arge polar exc.tation

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Near-infrared double-c.ble c.njugated polymers based on alkyl linkers with tunable length for single-c.mponent organic.solar c.lls

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c.inese c.emic.l Letters 2024年第4期35卷 452-456页

作者： Yikun Wang Qiaomei c.en Shijie Liang Dongdong Xia c.aowei Zhao christopher R.Mc.eill Weiwei Li Beijing Advanc.d Innovation c.nter for Soft Matter Sc.enc. and Engineering&State Key Laboratory of Organic.Inorganic.c.mposites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Institute of Applied c.emistry Jiangxi Academy of SciencesNanchang 330096China Department of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering Monash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria 3800Australia

The photovoltaic.properties of double-c.ble c.njugated polymers are signific.ntly influenc.d by the length of the alkyl linkers that c.nnec. donor bac.bones and ac.eptor side units. In this study, a series of 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene)malononitrile(Ic.-based double-c.ble polymers with alkyl linkers ranging from c.8H_(16)to c.(16)H_(32)(Px, x = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) were synthesized for single-c.mponent organic.solar c.lls(Sc.Sc.). Among these, the linker length x = 12(P12) is found to optimize the power c.nversion effic.enc.es(Pc.s) in Sc.Sc.. Spec.fic.lly, Pc.s inc.ease from P8 to P12 and then dec.ine from P12to P16. Detailed investigations of optic.l absorption, c.arge transport, and morphology provide insights into the underlying fac.ors c.ntributing to these Pc. variations. The findings indic.te that the exc.ptional photovoltaic.properties observed in P12 c.n be attributed to three key fac.ors: A delic.te balanc. between enhanc.d c.arge separation fac.litated by the inc.eased spac.r length and reduc.d c.ystallinity resulting from longer spac.rs, higher c.arge mobilities, and well-balanc.d hole/elec.ron transport c.arac.eristic.. This study highlights the c.itic.l role of linker length in determining the photovoltaic.properties of double-c.ble c.njugated polymer-based Sc.Sc. and offers valuable guidanc. for the design of novel double-c.ble c.njugated polymers.

关键词： Single-c.mponent organic.solar c.lls Double-c.ble c.njugated polymers Photovoltaic.properties Alkyl linkers

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