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Structural subgrid-scale modeling for large-eddy simulation: A review

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第4期32卷 567-578页

作者： Hao Lu christopher J.Rutland School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Engine Research Center Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison

Accurately modeling nonlinear interactions in turbulence is one of the key challenges for large-eddy simulation（LES） of turbulence. In this article, we review recent studies on structural subgrid scale modeling, focusing on evaluating how well these models predict the effects of small scales. The article discusses a priori and a posteriori test results. Other nonlinear models are briefly discussed, and future prospects are noted.

关键词： turbulence turbulent viscosity priori dissipation posteriori scalar A review scales Reynolds

An In Vivo Experimental Validation of a Computational Model of Human foot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第4期6卷 387-397页

作者： christopher J.Nester david Howard Centre for Health Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences ResearchUniversity of Salford Salford M5 4WTUK

Reliable computational foot models offer an alternative means to enhance knowledge on the biomechanics of human foot. Model validation is one of the most critical aspects of the entire foot modeling and analysis *** paper presents an in vivo experiment combining motion capture system and plantar pressure measure platform to validate a three-dimensional finite element model of human *** Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)slices for the foot modeling and the experimental data for validation were both collected from the same volunteer *** validated components included the comparison of static model predictions of plantar force,plantar pressure and foot surface deformation during six loading conditions,to equivalent measured *** the whole experiment,foot surface deformation,plantar force and plantar pressure were recorded simultaneously during six different loaded standing *** predictions of the current fE model were in good agreement with these experimental results.

关键词： human foot computational model plantar pressure

Matrix metalloproteinases in neural development:a phylogenetically diverse perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 357-362页

作者： christopher d.Small Bryan d.Crawford department of Biology University of New Brunswick

The matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs） are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases originally characterized as secreted proteases responsible for degrading extracellular matrix *** canonical role in matrix remodelling is of significant importance in neural development and regeneration,but emerging roles for MMPs,especially in signal transduction pathways,are also of obvious importance in a neural *** of MMP activity is a hallmark of many neuropathologies,and members of every branch of the MMP family have been implicated in aspects of neural development and ***,while extraordinary research efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involving MMPs,methodological constraints and complexities of the research models have impeded *** we discuss the current state of our understanding of the roles of MMPs in neural development using recent examples and advocate a phylogenetically diverse approach to MMP research as a means to both circumvent the challenges associated with specific model organisms,and to provide a broader evolutionary context from which to synthesize an understanding of the underlying biology.

关键词： matrix metalloproteinases extracellular matrix xenopus drosophila zabrafish neural development evolution

development of a multiple level underground limestone mine from geology through mine planning

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 63-67页

作者： christopher Newman david Newman Robert dupuy Appalachian Mining&Engineering Inc.LexingtonKYUSA rogers Group Inc.NashvilleTNUSA

The development of a multiple level underground mine is a complex task in which geology,engineering,ground control,and unit operations are integrated into a single mine *** components are interdependent and must function cohesively to ensure a profitable underground mining *** optimize reserve recovery,mine planning should begin from the lowest level and progress *** limits any misjudgments or oversights of a given level affecting the underlying levels and ensures the ability to maximize recovery from each *** planning should start with the exploration and characterization of the geologic *** the reserve geology and quality is well understood,then mine planning can begin with respect to the following:(1)orientation of mine works with respect to horizontal stress;(2)access to the reserve;(3)determination of opening widths;(4)selection of back,floor horizons and pillar centers;(5)selection of development and secondary mining heights;(6)appropriate inter-burden thicknesses;and(7)examining the stability of the multiple level mine through numerical *** multiple level mine design process and decisions are presented through a case history *** theme is that there is one opportunity to"get it right"and many chances to overlook a small aspect within the design that will plague the mine throughout all levels and through the entirety of its operating life.

关键词： Limestone Mine planning Geology Multiple level Rock mechanics

Photosynthetic response to a winter heatwave in leading and trailing edge populations of the intertidal red alga Corallina offi-cinalis(Rhodophyta)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第7期43卷 70-77页

作者： Regina Kolzenburg federica Ragazzola Laura Tamburello Katy R.Nicastro christopher d.McQuaid Gerardo I.Zardi UmeåMarine Sciences Centre UmeåUniversity90571 NorrbynSweden University of Portsmouth Institute of Marine SciencePortsmouth PO49LYUK Stazione Zoologica Anton dohrn Genova Marine CenterGenova 16126Italy Stazione Zoologica Anton dohrn Sicily Marine CenterPalermo 90149Italy department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes UniversityMakhanda(Grahamstown)6139South Africa Centre of Marine Sciences University of AlgarveFaro 8005-139Portugal Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences Universitéde LilleLille 59000France Universitéde Caen Normandie Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes AquatiquesCaen 14032France

Marine heatwaves(MHWs)caused by anthropogenic climate change are becoming a key driver of change at the ecosystem *** conditions experienced by marine organisms across their distribution,particularly towards the equator,are likely to approach their physiological limits,resulting in extensive mortality and subsequent changes at the population *** at the margins of their species’distribution are thought to be more sensitive to climate-induced environmental pressures than central populations,but our understanding of variability in fitness-related physiological traits in trailing versus leading-edge populations is *** a laboratory simulation study,we tested whether two leading(Iceland)and two trailing(Spain)peripheral populations of the intertidal macroalga Corallina officinalis display different levels of maximum potential quantum efficiency(fv/fm)resilience to current and future winter MHWs *** study revealed that ongoing and future local winter MHWs will not negatively affect leading-edge populations of ***,which exhibited stable photosynthetic efficiency throughout the *** edge populations showed a positive though non-significant trend in photosynthetic efficiency throughout winter MHWs *** and equatorward populations did not produce significantly different results,with winter MHWs having no negative affect on fv/fm of either ***,we found no long-term regional or population-level influence of a winter MHWs on this species’photosynthetic ***,we found no statistically significant difference in thermal stress responses between leading and trailing ***,*** showed a trend towards higher stress responses in southern than northern *** responses rest on a variety of local population traits,they are difficult to predict based solely on thermal pressures.

关键词： marginal population coralline algae climate change ecophysiology photophysiology macroalgae fv/fm

Thermally-actuated microfluidic membrane valve for point-of-care applications

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第3期7卷 197-208页

作者： Muhsincan Sesen christopher J.Rowlands department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK

Microfluidics has enabled low volume biochemistry reactions to be carried out at the point-of-care.A key component in microfluidics is the microfluidic *** valves are not only useful for directing flow at intersections but also allow mixtures/dilutions to be tuned real-time and even provide peristaltic pumping *** the transition from chip-in-a-lab to lab-on-a-chip,it is essential to ensure that microfluidic valves are designed to require less peripheral equipment and that they are *** this paper,a thermally-actuated microfluidic valve is *** valve itself is fabricated with off-the-shelf components without the need for sophisticated cleanroom *** is shown that multiple valves can be controlled and operated via a power supply and an Arduino microcontroller;an important step towards transportable microfluidic devices capable of carrying out analytical assays at the *** is been calculated that a single actuator costs less than$1,this highlights the potential of the presented valve for scaling *** valve operation is demonstrated by adjusting the ratio of a water/dye mixture in a continuous flow microfluidic chip with Y-junction channel *** power required to operate one microfluidic valve has been characterised both theoretically and *** operation of the valve has been demonstrated for 65 h with 585 *** presented valve is capable of actuating rectangular microfluidic channels of 500μm×50μm with an expected temperature increase of up to 5°*** fastest actuation times achieved were 2 s for valve closing(heating)and 9 s for valve opening(cooling).

关键词： fluid valve Arduino

Orgasm-associated urinary in continence(climacturia)following radical prostatectomy:a review of pathophysiology and current treatment options

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 549-554页

作者： christopher Kannady Jonathan Clavell-Hernandez division of Urology McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA St.Joseph Medical Center HoustonTX 77002USA

Orgasm-associated urinary incontinence,or climacturia,is a common side effect after radical prostatectomy(RP)that is gaining more attention due to the distress it causes to patients.A range of treatment options have been reported in the literature and are outlined in this *** goal of our study is to review the pathophysiology and current management options for climacturia following RP.A PubMed search was used to review the current literature relating to the pathophysiology and the treatment of postprostatectomy *** reviewed the currently available treatment options and their success rates for *** techniques were found to subjectively help improve the amount and bother of patients'*** include pelvic floor muscle training(PfMT),penile variable tension loop,soft silicone occlusion loop,artificial urethral sphincter,male urethral sling,and the Mini-Jupette *** rates ranged from 48%to 100%depending on the modality *** patients with erectile dysfunction and climacturia,the Mini-Jupette graft could be a valuable *** the lack of validated measurement tools and management options,climacturia has become a challenge for *** a condition that has not garnered much attention,there are several management options from conservative to invasive treatments that have shown a hopeful promise for the treatment of *** options should be discussed with patients to determine the best treatment for each *** clinical trials are n eeded to assess the efficacy and impact of the d iff ere nt treatme nt options before a defi nitive recommendation regarding management can be made.

关键词： climacturia male urethral sling Mini-Jupette graft orgasm-associated urinary inc on tinence prostate can cer radical prostatectomy

Restricted nutrient intake does not alter serum-mediated measures of implant response in cell culture

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 80-87页

作者： christopher d Reinhardt Tiffany L Lee daniel U Thomson Laman K Mamedova Barry J Bradford department of Animal Sciences and Industry 232 Weber Hall Kansas State University department of Clinical Sciences A-111 Mosier Hall Kansas State University

Background： during nutritional stress, reduced intake may reduce the efficacy of anabolic implants. This study was conducted to evaluate basic cellular responses to a growth promotant implant at two intake levels. Methods： Sixteen crossbred steers （293 ± 19.3 kg） were used to evaluate the impact of anabolic implants in either an adequate or a restricted nutritional state. Steers were trained to individual Calan gates, and then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted off presence or absence of an anabolic growth implant （Revalor-XS, 200 mg TBA and 40 mg estradiol; IMPLANT or CONTROL） and a moderate energy, pelleted, starting cattle diet fed at either 2.0 × or 1.0 × maintenance energy （NEM） requirements （HIGH or LOW）. Serum （d O, 14, and 28） was used for application to bovine muscle satellite cells. After treatment with the serum （20% of total media） from the trial cattle, the satellite cells were incubated for 72 h. Protein abundance of myosin heavy chain （MHC）, phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase （phospho-ERK）, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin （phospho-mTOR） were analyzed to determine the effects of implant, intake, and their interaction （applied via the serum）. Results： Intake had no effect on MHC （P = 0.85） but IMPLANT increased （P 〈 0.01） MHC abundance vs. CONTROL. Implant status, intake status, and the interaction had no effect on the abundance of phospho-ERK （P〉0.23）. Implanting increased phospho-mTOR （P 〈 0.01） but there was no effect （P 〉 0.51） of intake or intake x implant. Conclusions： The nearly complete lack of interaction between implant and nutritional status indicates that the signaling molecules measured herein respond to implants and nutritional status independently. furthermore, results suggest that the muscle hypertrophic effects of anabolic implants may not be mediated by circulating IGf-1.

关键词： Beef cattle Implant Muscle Myosin heavy chain Nutrient restriction Satellite cells

A Time to Remember:Neural Insights into Rapid Updating of Timed Behaviors

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 699-702页

作者： christopher Howard Patrick Simen Neuroscience department Oberlin CollegeOberlinOH44074USA

Processing temporal information is a critical brain function necessary for decision-making and *** timing,or processing of time intervals on the scale of seconds to minutes,is essential for associative learning,sensorimotor processing,and optimal foraging[1]and many neuropsychiatric illnesses including Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,and schizophrenia involve impaired interval timing.

关键词： Huntington impaired dating